高考總復(fù)習(xí)不定式專(zhuān)題

高考熱點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式的構(gòu)成：todo解讀:動(dòng)詞不定式雖然不能作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用”但仍留著動(dòng)詞的特征,它可以帶有所需要的賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)而構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ),如:tostudyhard,toplaytabletenniso動(dòng)詞不定式的形式變化語(yǔ)態(tài)般式完成式進(jìn)行式完成進(jìn)行式主動(dòng)tobuildtohavebuilttobebuildingtohavebeenbuilding被動(dòng)tobebuilttohavebeenbuilt動(dòng)詞不定式的基本用法：這里只學(xué)習(xí)不定式做主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),和狀語(yǔ)的用法”它作定語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)的用法與分詞一塊學(xué)習(xí)。作主語(yǔ)句型：Itis/was+形容詞何數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+todosth解讀1:不定式作主語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的是it作形式主語(yǔ),放在句首,將真正的主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）放在句子后面。經(jīng)典例句：1）Ifseasytobewiseaftertheevent.2）Itiseasiertospendmoneythantomakemoney.3）It'sbettertolovesomeoneyoucan'thavethantohavesomeoneyoucan7tlove.4）Itisnotagoodhabittostayuptoolate解讀2:此外開(kāi)纟式主語(yǔ)it不能用that、this來(lái)替換。這也是不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的考點(diǎn)。出題句型是:is/was+形容詞何數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+todo此句型特別重要,要牢記。判斷下列句子讀錯(cuò)，并說(shuō)明理由：.Thisisimpossibleforpeopletostaredirectlyatthesun...Duetotherefractionoflightrays,thisisimpossibleforthenakedeyetodeterminetheexactlocationofastarclosetothehorizon.解讀3：it作形式主語(yǔ),不定式可以有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ),通常用for+名詞（代詞）或of+名詞（代詞）放在不定式的前面。此時(shí)不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài)須看與邏輯主語(yǔ)的主被動(dòng)關(guān)系。For與of的區(qū)別是初中內(nèi)容。經(jīng)典例題：Ispossibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?A.thisB.thereC.thatD.itThedoctorthoughtwouldbegoodforyoutohaveaholiday.（2010全國(guó)卷II14）.A.thisB.thatC.oneD.itIt'simportantforthefiguresregularly.（2011北京卷）A.tobeupdatedB.tohavebeenupdatedC.toupdateD.tohaveupdated二.作賓語(yǔ)直接作賓語(yǔ)句型：動(dòng)詞（vt）+todo解讀:直接跟在一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞后面作賓語(yǔ)。這時(shí)句子有以下兩個(gè)特點(diǎn):第_:句子的主語(yǔ)和不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是一致的”不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài)需看與句子主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系。第二：這時(shí)句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多是描寫(xiě)態(tài)度；不定式動(dòng)作則說(shuō)明行為。經(jīng)典例句：1）Nobodywantstobelaughedat.2）Thiscompanyrefusedtocooperatewithus.經(jīng)典例題：Idon'twantlikeI'mspeakingiiiofanybody,butthemanager'splanisunfair.（2005天津卷）A.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesoundedcan'tstandwithJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefusestalkingwhilesheworks.（2006北京卷）A.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.towork;tostopAsayoungman,Ihateinpublic.A.laughedatB.tobelaughedatC.tolaughatD.laughingat句型：某些及物動(dòng)詞+連詞+todo_解讀:在一些動(dòng)詞之后,可以在連接代詞（what,who,which）或連接副詞（how,when,where）及連詞whether后面接一帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：ask,decide,explain,forget,五ndout,guess,imagine,know,wonder.經(jīng)典例句：1）Iwonderwhotoinvite.2）Showuswhattodo.3）Idon'tknowwhethertoanswerhisletter.考點(diǎn)解讀：不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài):必須用主動(dòng)形式,此時(shí)易誤選為被動(dòng)形式。當(dāng)連接詞為代詞時(shí),不定式為及物動(dòng)詞,且其后不加賓語(yǔ)。經(jīng)典例題：There7ssomuchdeliciousfood!Ican'tdecided.A.whattoeatB.whentoeatC.howtoeatD.wheretoeatCanyoutellmeontheInternet?A.howtosearchB.howsearchC.wherecanIsearchD.whencanIsearchHetolduswhetherapicnicwasstillunderdiscussion.（2009四丿丨|卷）A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.had?不定式作賓語(yǔ)后置:如果不定式（賓語(yǔ)）后面有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)（不定式）后置，放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)后面，構(gòu)成句型“動(dòng)詞+it+賓補(bǔ)（名詞或形容詞）+賓語(yǔ)to經(jīng)典例句：Ithinkiihardtoanswerthequestioninonego.我覺(jué)得很難—下子回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題。Hefeelsitchallengingtobeamarketingsupervisor.經(jīng)典例題：Usingmanysymbolsmakestoputalargeamountofinformationonasinglemap.A.possibleB.itispossibleC.itpossibleD.thatpossibleThechairmanthoughtnecessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.（2005全國(guó)卷1）A.thatB.itC.thisD.himAsthebusiestwomaninNorton,shemadeherdutytolookafteralltheotherpeople'saffairsinthattown.（2006湖南卷）A.thisB.thatC.oneD.itrdappreciateifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.（2006山東卷）A.thatB.itC.thisD.youThefactthatshewasforeignmadedifficultforhertogetajobinthatcountry.（2010遼寧卷33）A.soB.muchC.thatD.itThetwogirlsaresoalikethatstrangersfinddifficulttotellonefromtheother.（2011山東卷）A.itB.themC.herD.thatNewtechnologieshavemadepossibletoturnoutnewproductsfasterandatalowercost.[2012四川】A.thatB.thisC.oneD.it三.狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成以下幾種句型句型1:形容詞+todo（語(yǔ)言山表述為:形容詞后面的動(dòng)詞不定式）解讀1:該形容詞為表示動(dòng)作特點(diǎn)的形容詞時(shí),一般做兩種成分:表語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)★當(dāng)該形容詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)”句子主語(yǔ)和不定式動(dòng)詞可構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系?！锂?dāng)該開(kāi)纟容詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)”句子賓語(yǔ)和不定式動(dòng)詞可構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。經(jīng)典例1）Sheisverynicetotalkto.2）Maryiseasytogetonwith.3）IfindEnglishdifficulttospeak.4）IfindFootballveryinterestingtowatch.★此句型三大考點(diǎn)不定式動(dòng)詞一般不用被動(dòng)形式:（最容易出錯(cuò)）不定式后不能再加賓語(yǔ):不定式動(dòng)詞所帶的介詞不能省略：經(jīng)典例題：Tomaskedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechocolateeasierintosmallpieces.（2011安徽卷）A.breakB.breakingC.brokenD.tobreakThismachineisveryeasy.Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.[2012遼寧】A.operatingB.tobeoperatingC.operatedD.tooperated解讀2:在本句型中,如果形容詞是表示人的性格特征（如:brave,careful,clever,considerate,foolish,generous,kind，等）或情緒感受（happy；surprised；glad；honored）的詞。句子主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)和不定式動(dòng)詞可構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系.經(jīng)典例句：1）Hewaskindtohelpus.2）Theboywascarelesstobreakthewindow.3）Wethinktheboycarelesstobreakthewindow.經(jīng)典例題：Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happyanythingthathappenedtobeon.[2012全國(guó)卷II】A.towatchB.watchingC.watchedD.tohavewatchedfeelgreatlyhonoredintotheirsociety.（2008北京卷）A.towelcomeB.welcomingC.tobewelcomedD.welcomedWewereastonishedthetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.（2010遼寧卷）A.findingB.tofindC.findD.tobefoundThedifferenceinthicknessandweightfromtheearlierversionmakestheiPad2morecomfortable.（2011福建卷）A.heldB.holdingC.beheldD.tohold句型2:不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，可構(gòu)成句型：Todo/Inordertodosth,主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+todo/inordertodo/soastodo.經(jīng)典例句：Hatingpeopleislikeburningdownyourownhousetogetredofarat.]Toacquireknowledge,onemuststudy;buttoacquirewisdom,onemustobserve.Wehadbetterstartearlytocatchthetrain.Wehadbetterstartearlysoastocatchthetrain.wenttothepostofficeinordertomailaletter.經(jīng)典解讀：soasto—般不用在句首。但todo或inordertodo可提到句首。目的狀語(yǔ)放在句首時(shí),和句子之間要有“,”間隔；當(dāng)目的狀語(yǔ)位于句末時(shí),和句子之間不可以有“,”間隔。不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài):看與句子主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系:主動(dòng)todo；被動(dòng)tobedoneo

經(jīng)典例題：Whenaskedwhyhewentthere,hesaidhewassentthereforaspaceflight.（2007江西卷）A.trainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrainedthesafetyofgas,thegovernmenthascheckedthecity'sgassupplysystemthoroughly.（2007上海春）A.ToensureB.EnsuringC.Havingensured.D.Tohaveensured,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.（2009遼寧卷）A.BeingawinnerB.TobeawinnerC.BeawinnerD.Havingbeenawinner句型3作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)f可構(gòu)成句型：主+謂（，）onlytodo。指意想不到或不愉快的結(jié)果f結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)必須放在句末。經(jīng)典例句：1）Wehurriedtotherailwaystation,onlytofindthetrainhadjustleft.2）Theyliftedarockonlytodropitontheirownfeet.他們搬起石頭卻砸了自己的腳注意:分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，一般表示意料之中的結(jié)果。如：1）Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.2）Itrainedheavily,causingseverefloodinginthatcountry.經(jīng)典例題：AllthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediatelyintimeforChristmas.（2005遼寧卷）A.inordertohavereceivedB.inordertoreceiveC.soastobereceivedD.soastobereceivingHehurriedtothebookingofficeonlythatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.（2006陜西卷）A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.toldGeorgereturnedafterthewar,onlythathiswifehadlefthim.[2012山東】A.tobetoldB.tellingC.beingtoldD.toldHecomeshomelateeveryevening,hiswifeveryangry.A.makeB.onlytomakeC.makingD.made句型4:sbseem/appear/pretend...+todo/tobedoing/tohavedone解讀：本句型中關(guān)鍵是判斷不定式的時(shí)態(tài)。Tobedoing正在做；tohavedone已經(jīng)做了；todo要去做。經(jīng)典例句：1）Heseemstohavefinishedhiswork.2）Whentheteachercamein,allthestudentspretendedtobestudying.3）Theoldmanappearedtobeasleep.經(jīng)典例題：1.1don'tknowwhetheryouhappenA.tobeheardB.tobehearing,butFmgoingtostudyintheU.S.A,thisSeptember.1.1don'tknowwhetheryouhappenA.tobeheardB.tobehearing,butFmgoingtostudyintheU.S.A,thisSeptember.C.tohearD.tohaveheard2.LookattheprideonTom'sface.Hetohavebeenpraisedbythemanagerjustnow.（20112.LookattheprideonTom'sface.He重慶卷）A.seemedB.seemsC.hadseemedD.isseemingTodaywehavechatrooms,textmessaging,emailing...butweseemtheartofcommunicatingface-to-face.（2011上海卷）A.losingB.tobelosingC.tobelostD.havinglost句型5sthbesaid/reported/believed/thought/considered+todo/tobedoing/tohavedone解讀：1）在此結(jié)構(gòu)中主語(yǔ)必須是sth或sb,不能是形式主語(yǔ)it,動(dòng)詞后必須用不定式,不能用that從句。2）此結(jié)構(gòu)中關(guān)鍵是判斷不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài):語(yǔ)態(tài)判斷與句子主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系；時(shí)態(tài):Tobedoing正在做；tohavedone已經(jīng)做了；todo要去做。經(jīng)典例句：1）Manyofhisbooksaresaidtohavebeentranslatedintoforeignlanguages.2）ZhanghuaissaidtogotoAmericatomorrow,whichmadehisparentsveryproud.經(jīng)典例題：一IsBobstillperforming?（2005江蘇卷）一I'mafraidnot.HeissaidthestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficialA.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenleftD.tobeleftThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang,whowasreportedtheworldrecordinthe110-meterhurdlerace.（07遼寧）A.breakingB.havingbrokenC.tohavebrokenD.breakItisreportedthatmanyanewhouseatpresentinthedisasterarea.（2010陜西卷24）A.arebeingbuiltB.werebeingbuiltC.wasbeingbuiltD.isbeingbuilt句型6:but后不定式符號(hào)“to”的省略問(wèn)題解讀:but后是否加to遵循三個(gè)句型一個(gè)原則:三個(gè)句型：這三個(gè)句型后都不加to1）can'tbutdo2）can'thelpbutdo3）can'tchoosebutdo—個(gè)原貝!I:but前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的某種開(kāi)纟式,后面省to；沒(méi)有加too可記憶為：有do省to；無(wú)do加too經(jīng)典例句：1）Ihavenochoicebuttostayhere.2）HedidnothinglastSundaybutrepairhisbike.3）Whenheheardtheinterestingstory,hecan'thelpbutlaughloudly.經(jīng)典例題：Ifhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebutanevengreaterchallenge.（2012陜西卷）A.meetsB.meetingC.meetD.tomeetBeforethebosscameback,wehadnothingtodobuthere.A.todoB.doingC.doesD.doAfterhegaveawonderfullecture,theaudiencecouldn'thelp.A.claptheirhandsB.clappingtheirhandsC.toclaptheirhandsD.clapstheirhands綜合練習(xí)：（2006浙江卷）1&ItremainswhetherJim'llbefitenoughtoplayinthefinals.A.seenB.tobeseenC.seeingD.tosee（2009湖南卷）Nowadayspeoplesometimesseparatetheirwastetomakeiteasierforit.A.reusingB.reusedC.reusesD.tobereused（2006上海春）38.theemployees'workingefficiency,thesupervisorwillallowthemtohaveacoffeebreak.A.ImprovingB.ToimproveC.HavingimprovedD.Improved（2006山東卷）33.PolicearenowsearchingforawomanwhoisreportedtosincethefloodhitthearealastFriday.A.havebeenmissingB.havegotlostC.bemissingD.getlostMr.Smithwasmuchsurprisedtofindthewatchhehadhadwasnowheretobeseen.A.repairingB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepairedI'veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhatinmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects—Youseemedtobenervous.—Oh.Withsomanywatchersaround,howcouldIkeepcalm?A.standingB.stoodC.tostandD.standAIDSissaidthebiggesthealthprobleminAfricaoverthepastyears.A.tobeB.thatitisC.tohavebeenD.thatithasbeen9.youturnoffallthelightswhenyouareawayfromtheclassroom.A.MakingsureB.TomakesureC.BeingsureD.Makesure10.Ittookalongtimefortheconnectionbetweenbodytemperatureandillness.（江西卷）A.tomakeB.tobemadeC.makingD.beingmade（2010遼寧'卷25.Wewereastonishedthetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.A.findingB.tofindC.findD.tobefound（廣東卷）31.Hehurriedtothestationonlythatthetrainhadleft.A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound（2010四丿11卷11）.Inmanypeople'sopinion,thatcompany,thoughrelativelysmall,ispleasant.A.todealwithB.dealingwithC.tobedealtwithD.dealtwith——IsBobstillperforming?——I'mafraidnot.HeissaidthestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficialA.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenleftD.tobeleft2012-2006動(dòng)詢(xún)不定式高考題|【2012全國(guó)卷II】15.Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happyanythingthathappenedtobeon.A.towatchB.watchingC.watchedD.tohavewatched[2012安徽】24.1rememberedthedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.A.lockingB.tolockC.havinglockedD.tohavelocked[2012重慶】28.We'rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecisionatthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.A.tobemadeB.beingmadeC.madeD.havingbeenmade4l2012陜西]22.Ifhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebutanevengreaterchallenge.A.meetsB.meetingC.meetD.tomeet[2012山東】26.Georgereturnedafterthewar,onlythathiswifehadlefthim.A.tobetoldB.tellingC.beingtoldD.told6l2012湖南]21.We'vehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneedstoachievethefinalsuccess.A.beingdoneB.doC.tobedoneD.todo[2012江西】33.Havingfinishedherproject,shewasinvitedbytheschooltothenewstudents.A.speakingB.havingspokenC.tospeakD.tohavespoken[2012遼寧】29.Thismachineisveryeasy.Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.A.operatingB.tobeoperatingC.operatedD.tooperate[2012四川】6.Tomtookataxitotheairport,onlyhisplanehighupinthesky.A.findingB.tofindC.beingfoundD.tohavefound[2012浙江】3.Nomatterhowbrightatalkeryouare,therearetimeswhenifsbettersilent.A.remainB.beremainingC.havingremainedD.toremain11.【2012浙江】8.1thinkTom,astheheadofabigdepartment,shouldeitherstudyregularlyorhisjob.A.quitsB.toquitC.quittingD.quit（2011北京卷）Ifsimportantforthefiguresregularly.A.tobeupdatedB.tohavebeenupdatedC.toupdateD.tohaveupdated（2011上海卷）Todaywehavechatrooms,textmessaging,emailing...butweseemtheartofcommunicatingface-to-face.A.losingB.tobelosingC.tobelostD.havinglost（2011安徽卷）Tomaskedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechocolateeasierinto#smallpieces.A.breakB.breakingC.brokenD.tobreak（2011浙江卷）Iftheywinthefinaltonight,theteamaregoingtotouraroundthecitybytheirenthusiasticsupporters.A.beingcheeredB.becheeredC.tobecheeredD.werecheered（2011福建卷）ThedifferenceinthicknessandweightfromtheearlierversionmakestheiPad2morecomfortable.A.heldB.holdingC.beheldD.tohold（2011四川卷）Simonmadeabigbambooboxthelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeep（2011天津卷）Passengersarepermittedonlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane.A.tocarryB.carryingC.tobecarriedD.beingcarried（2011重慶卷）MoreTVprograms,accordingtogovernmenttoofficials,willbeproducedeople'sconcernoverfoodsafety.A.toraiseB.raisingC.tohaveraisedD.havingraised（2011湖南卷）Theability__anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.A.expressingB.expressedC.toexpressD.tobeexpressedKeys:ABDCDDA（10上海40）Thatistheonlywaywecanimaginetheoveruseofwaterinstudents'bathrooms.A.reducingB.toreduceC.reducedD.reduce（10江西32）Thereweremanytalentedactorsouttherejustwaiting.A.todiscoverB.tobediscoveredC.discoveredD.beingdiscovered（10山東23）Ihavealotofreadingsbeforetheendofthisterm.A.completingB.tocompleteC.completedD.beingcompleted（10全國(guó)I34）WithFather'sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebankpresentsformydad.A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.tohavebought（10陜西19）Hisfirstbooknextmonthisbasedonatruestory.A.publishedB.tobepublishedC.topublishD.beingpublished（10遼寧25）Wewereastonishedthetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.A.findingB.tofindC.findD.tobefound（10重慶34）Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing,buttheonefirstisthelibrary.A.repairedB.beingrepairedC.repairingD.toberepaired（09安徽28）Theplaynextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.A.producedB.beingproducedC.tobeproducedD.havingbeenproduced（09北京28）Allofthemtrytousethepoweroftheworkstationinformationinamoreeffectiveway.A.presentingB.presentedC.beingpresentedD.topresent（09湖南23）Whenhethedoor,hefoundhiskeyswerenowhere.A.wouldopenB.openedC.hadopenedD.wastoopen（09湖南29）Nowadayspeoplesometimesseparatetheirwastetomakeiteasierforit.A.reusingB.reusedC.reusesD.tobereused（09海南30）Thechildrenallturnedthefamousactressassheenteredtheclassroom.A.lookedatB.tolookatC.tolookingatD.lookat（09山東22）WeareinvitedtoapartyinourclubnextFriday.A.tobeheldB.heldC.beingheldD.holding（09上海39）Davidthreatenedhisneighbourtothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.A.tobereportedB.reportingC.toreportD.havingreported（09四川2）HetolduswhetherapicnicwasstillunderdiscussionA.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.Had（09天津4）theprojectintime,thestaffwereworkingatweekends.A.CompetingB.HavingcompletedC.TohavecompletedD.Tocomplete（09江蘇26）SchoolsacrossChinaareexpectedtohire50,000collegegraduatesthisyearasshort-termteachers,almostthreetimesthenumberhiredlastyear,reduceunemploymentpressures.A.helpB.tohavehelpedC.tohelpD.havinghelped（08全國(guó)I26）Ilikegettingupveryear