教師資格之中學(xué)英語學(xué)科知識與教學(xué)能力練習(xí)與答案

教師資格之中學(xué)英語學(xué)科知識與教學(xué)能力練習(xí)與答案

單選題（共50題）1、請閱讀Passagel，完成此題。A.LosingconcentrationB.BeingaloneC.BuyingthingsonlineD.Playinggames【答案】A2、__________hermotherstartedtogotothemeditationclass,A.ItwasataboutthistimethatB.ThatwasaboutthistimeC.ItwasataboutthistimewhenD.Itwasaboutthistimethat【答案】A3、請閱讀Passage2，完成小題。A.ItthreatensthesandybeachesonwhichtheylayeggsB.ThechangingclimatemakesitdifficultfortheireggstohatchC.TherisingsealevelsmakeitharderfortheirhatchlingstogrowD.Ittakesthemlongertoadapttothehighbeachtemperature【答案】A4、Thepolicewereseekingmoreinformationtofindout_______therichman.A.whowasitthatkilleDB.whoitwasthatkilleDC.itwaswhokilledD.whowasitkilleD【答案】B5、WhichofthefollowingbelongstothecommunicativeapproachA.FocusonaccuracyB.FocusonfluencyC.FocusonstrategiesD.Focusoncomprehension【答案】B6、請閱讀Passagel。完成小題。A.ShifttoOnlineNewspaper.AllatOnceB.CherishtheNewspaperStillinYourHandC.MakeYourPrintNewspaperaLuxuryGoodD.KeepYourNewspaperForeverinFashion【答案】C7、WhenAmerican-bornactorMichaelPenawasayearold,hisparentsweredeported.TheyhadillegallywalkedacrosstheU.S.borderfromMexicoandwhentheywerecaughtbyimmigrationauthorities,theysentPenaandhisbrothertostaywithrelativesintheU.S.“Itwasquiteabitofagambleformyparents,”saysPena,“buttheycamebackayearlater.”Pena?sfather,whohadbeenafarmerinMexico,gotajobatabuttonfactoryinChicagoand,eventually,agreencard.PenastayedinChicagountil,at19,hefledtoLosAngelestopursuehisactingdreams.ThisfamilyhistorymakesPena?slatestroleespeciallypersonal.InCesarChavez,PenaplaysthelaborleaderashestrugglestoorganizeimmigrantCaliforniafarmworkersinthe1960s.Topressuregrowerstoimproveworkingconditionsandwages,Chavezledanationalboycottoftablegrapesthatlastedfrom1965to1970andisrecordedinthefilm.Chavez,likePena,wastheAmerican-bornsonofMexicanfarmerswhoimmigratedtotheU.S.“A.EmotionallyB.DeliberatelyC.StronglyD.Actively【答案】C8、Theoldladyhasdevelopeda__________coughwhichcannotbecuredcompletelyinashorttime.A.perpetualB.permanentC.chronicD.sustained【答案】C9、Ionlyknowthemanby__________butIhaveneverspokentohim.A.chanceB.heartC.sightD.experience【答案】C10、Thesynonymouspair"_________"differindegreeofformality.A.passawayandpopoffB.accuseandchargeC.poisonandjailD.tapandfaucet【答案】A11、請閱讀短文，完成此題。A.GoodluckwillcomethreedayslaterB.TimecanappeaseofwoundC.LookingatissuesfromanotheranglewillmakeyouhappyD.Peopleshouldbehopefultothefuture【答案】C12、Passage1A.isharmfultoournetworksoffriendsB.willmisleadbehavioralstudiesC.occurswithoutourrealizingitD.canproducenegativehealthhabits【答案】C13、Whichofthefollowinghastheleasteffectontheeffectivenessofquestionsinclasses？A.students'languageproficiencyB.thenumberofstudentsC.wait-timeallowedafteraquestionD.feedbackgiventostudentsaftertheyanswerthequestions【答案】B14、TheBritishMedicalJournalrecentlyfeaturedastrongresponsetowhatwasjudgedaninappropriatelylenientreactionbyamedicalschooltoastudentcheatinginanexamination.A.Family,cultureandsocietyplayanactivepartB.BadschoolenvironmentistheleadingcauseofstudentcheatingC.Parentsarealwaystoblamefortheirchildren'scheatingbehaviourD.CheatingexistsprimarilybecausestudentslearnbadthingsfromTV【答案】A15、Therelationshipbetween"fruit"and"orange"is__________.A.superordinateB.relationaloppositesC.hyponymyD.homonymy【答案】C16、請閱讀短文。A.justrendsaboutotherpeople'sobservationsanddiscoveriesB.comesupwithsolutioninmostnaturalwaysC.hasagreatdealoftroubledoingmentalarithmeticD.lackssomeofthequalitiesrequiredofscientist【答案】D17、請閱讀短文，完成此題。A.ItisinconvenienttobuysomethingB.Villagerscan'tenjoytheexcitingeventsC.VillagershavelittleopportunitytoseeafilmD.Therearemanyfriendsaroundeachvillager【答案】D18、WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutAudio-lingualMethodiswrong？A.ThemethodinvolvesmakingacomparisonbetweenforeignlanguageandmotherlanguageB.ThemethodinvolvescorrectingthemistakestimelyC.MothertongueisacceptedintheclassroomasthetargetlanguageD.Emphasisislaiduponusingorallanguageintheclassroom;somereadingandwritingmightbedoneashomework【答案】C19、The_______approachtowritingteachingpaysattentiontonotonlywhattowrite,butalsohowtowrite.A.product-orientedB.process-orientedC.form-focusedD.meaning-focused【答案】B20、PresidentArlinghasputhislongawaitedeconomicrestructuringprogrambeforetheCongress.ItprovidesacoordinateD.programofinvestmentcredits,researchgrants,educationreforms,andchangesdesignedtomakeAmericanindustrymoreA.TheywantamoredirectactionB.TheywantanincomespolicytocheckinflationC.TheywanttorebuildindustryD.Theywantawallofprotectivetariffs【答案】A21、請閱讀Passage2，完成第小題。A.DigitalTourisminFutureChinaB.ITinArthurM.Sackler'sVirtualTourC.ITandPresentationofChina'sMogaoGrottoesD.China'sFabledMogaoGrottoesTurntoDigitalTourism【答案】D22、BernardBailynhasrecentlyreinterpretedtheearlyhistoryoftheUnitedStatesbyapplyingnewsocialresearchfindingsontheexperiencesofEuropeanmigrants．Inhisreinterpretation，migrationbecomestheorganizingprincipleforrewritingthehistoryofpreindustrialNorthAmerica．Hisapproachrestsonfourseparatepropositions．A.HighcultureinNewEnglandneverequaledthehighcultureofEnglandB.TheculturalachievementsofcolonialNewEnglandhavegenerallybeenunrecognizedbyhistoriansC.ThecolonistsimitatedthehighcultureofEngland，anddidnotdevelopaculturethatwasuniquelytheirownD.ThesoutherncoloniesweregreatlyinfluencedbythehighcultureofNewEngland【答案】A23、Onlyuntilveryrecently_______possiblethatgrammariansareabletomakeaccuratestatementsabouttherulesofsomelanguages.A.hasitbeenB.ithasbeenC.wasitD.itwas【答案】A24、When"-ing"in"gangling"isremovedtogetaverb"gangle",wecallthiswayofcreatingwords__________.A.suffixationB.compoundingC.back-formationD.acronymy【答案】C25、Whichofthefollowingactivitiesfocus(es)onmeaning?A.SubstitutiondrillsB.SentencetransformationC.DictationD.Groupdiscussion【答案】D26、Passage2A.alltheproductssurveyedclaimtomeetISOstandardsB.theclaimsmadebyproductsareoftenunclearordeceivingC.consumerswouldbelievemanyofthemanufactures'claimsD.fewproductsactuallyprovetobeenvironmentfriendly【答案】B27、Garboplaystheroleofthequeen,_________intheloveshehasfoundwithAntonio．A.rejoicedB.rejoicingC.beingrejoicedD.torejoice【答案】B28、Ifyouthinktheyare__________,you′retotallywrong.Theyquarrelednowandthen.A.onthewayB.ontheairC.onallsidesD.ongoodterms【答案】D29、Importforthefirstthreemonthsthisyearislargerthanthatforthe__________periodlastyear.A.relatingB.concerningC.correspondingD.regarding【答案】C30、Asthereislessandlesscoalandoil,scientistsareexploringnewwaysofmakinguseof_______energy,suchassunlight,windandwaterforpowerandfuel.A.primaryB.alternativeC.instantD.unique【答案】B31、Ifateacherasksstudentstotalkabouttheirhobbiesingroups,he/sheistryingtoencourage__________.A.peercorrectionB.peerfeedbackC.peerinteractionD.peerassessment【答案】C32、Whichofthefollowingmayillustratethedifferencebetween"competence"and__________"performance"?A.Whataperson"knows"andwhathe/she"does"B.Whataperson"cando"andwhathe/she"does"C.Whataperson"does"andwhathe/she"knows"D.Whataperson"does"andwhathe/she"cando"【答案】A33、Tomissnobbish,always_________theinfluentialpeople."A.makingoutforB.makingupC.makinguptoD.makingupfor【答案】C34、ThenumberofAmericanswhoreadbookshasbeendecliningforthirtyyears,andthosewhodoreadhavebecomeproudof,evenabitover-identifiedwith,theenterprise.AlongsidethetotebagsyoucanfindT-shirts,magnets,andbuttonsprintedorsewnwithcoversofclassicnovels;theWebsiteEtsysellstightsprintedwithpoemsbyEmilyDickinson.AspreadinTheParisReviewfeaturedliterature-inspiredpaint-chipcolors.Themerchandisingofreadinghasacuriouslyundifferentiatedflavor,asifwhatyoureadmatteredlessthanthatyoureaD.Inthisclimateofembattledbibliophilia,anewsubgenreofbooksaboutbookshasemerged,amixofliterarycriticism,autobiography,self-help,andimmersionjournalism:authorsundertakereadingstuntstoprovethatreading--anything--stillmatters."IthoughtofmyadventureasOff-RoadorExtremeReading,"PhyllisRosewritesin"TheShelf:FromLEQtoLES",thelateststuntbook,inwhichshereadsthroughamoreorlessrandomshelfoflibrarybooks.Shecompareshervoyage,toErnestShackleton'sexplorationsintheAntarctic."However,Iliketosleepunderaquiltwithmyheadonagoosedownpillow,"shewrites."SoIwouldreadmywayintotheunknown--intothepathlesswastes,intothinair,withnoreviews,nobest-sellerlists,nocollegecurricula,noNationalBookAwardsorPulitzerPrizes,noads,nopublicity,notevenwordofmouthtoguideme."A.ApersonusedinexperimentsB.AnuneducatedpersonC.AlazypersonD.Avulnerableperson【答案】A35、Untilthen,hisfamily__________fromhimforsixmonths.A.didn'thearB.hasn'tbeenhearingC.hasn'theardD.hadn'theard【答案】D36、WhichofthefollowingisatypicalfeatureofinformalwritingA.Awell-organizedstructureispreferredB.ShortandincompletesentencesarecommonC.TechnicaltermsanddefinitionsarerequiredD.Awiderangeofvocabularyandstructuralpatternsareused【答案】B37、--Wouldyoulikesomenoodles,CeliaA.afewB.fewC.alittleD.little【答案】A38、Accordingtoarecentresearch,theoldaremorethantwiceaslikelytohaveapositiveattitudetolife__________theyoung.A.asB.thanC.whileD.until【答案】A39、Theyaregoodfriends.__________isnowonderthattheyknoweachothersowell．A.ThisB.ThatC.ThereD.It【答案】D40、CampaigningontheIndianfrontierisanexperiencebyitself.NeitherthelandscapenorthepeoplefindtheircounterpartsA.MeltingsnowsB.LargepopulationC.SteephillsidesD.Fertilevalleys【答案】B41、Theyhavelaunchedagreat__________topushthegovernmenttosentencethearrestedterroriststodeathsincethelastterroristattack.A.campaignB.revolutionC.competitionD.advertisement【答案】A42、請閱讀Passagel。完成第21—25小題。A.mice'sinbornterrorofcatsB.theevolutionofToxoplasmaC.anewstudyabouttheeffectsofaparasiteonmiceD.aharmfulparasitecalledToxoplasmagondii【答案】C43、Passage2A.moreemotionalB.moreobjectiveC.lessenergeticD.lessstrategic【答案】A44、Whatistheteacherdoingbysayingthisintermsofinstruction?A.ObservingtheactivityB.EvaluatingtheactivityC.MonitoringtheactivityD.Controllingtheactivity【答案】B45、Inafactory,Li,theguide,isinterpretingforagroupofforeignguests.Whentheyhavefinishedvisitingoneworkshop,hewouldlikethegrouptofollowhimtothenextworkshop.Hesays,“”.A.Thisway,pleaseB.ComehereC.FollowmeD.Moveon【答案】A46、Passage1A.TheaudiencesarehardtosatisfyB.BayisgoodatproducingmassivehitC.OnlyBaycanbringaudiencemassivehitD.Bayknowsabouttheaudience'smind【答案】B47、Passage1A.VirusesoftenremainhiddenintheenvironmentB.BacteriaarepassedtootherpeoplebytheinfectedindividualC.ThelonelypeoplecancatchvirusesmoreeasilyD.Virusesposeagreaterthreattothegregariousthanbacteria【答案】D48、CampaigningontheIndianfrontierisanexperiencebyitself.NeitherthelandscapenorthepeoplefindtheircounterpartsA.loansB.accountsC.killingsD.bargains【答案】C49、Whichofthefollowingactivitiescanbeusedifthefocusisondevelopingstudents’oralfluencyinEnglish?A.Blank-fillingB.Story-tellingC.TransformationD.Translation【答案】B50、Withoutyourhelp,wewouldnot__________theworkintime.A.havecompletedB.hadcompletedC.completedD.completing【答案】A大題（共10題）一、根據(jù)題目要求完成下列任務(wù)。用中文作答。下列教學(xué)片段選自某初中課堂實(shí)錄，閱讀后回答問題：?T:Ok!Next,let'sreadthetextandchoosethebestheadingforeachparagraph.Readthepassageandchoosethebestheadingforeachparagraph.(5minuteslater)T:Now,whocanshowustheanswer?S1:B,A,C,F,E.T:Youareclever,but,doyouhaveanyotherideasforParagraph3?S1:Ohsorry,It'sD.T:Excellent!Nowwehaveknownthemainmeaningofeachparagraph.Thistimelet'sreadeachparagraphcarefully.Then,makeagroupdiscussionandtrytofillintheform.10minutesplease.(1Ominuteslater.)T:Timeisup.Whichgroupwantstoshowyourformtous?Ok,Group1.$2:...T:Welldone.Doyouagreewiththem?【答案】(1)從三維目標(biāo)上分析教學(xué)目標(biāo)：知識目標(biāo)：學(xué)生能夠知道文章的主要內(nèi)容，以及文章的細(xì)節(jié)信息。能力目標(biāo)：通過泛讀和精讀兩個任務(wù)的分層訓(xùn)練，學(xué)生的閱讀能力有所提升，能掌握訓(xùn)讀的閱讀策。情感態(tài)度目標(biāo)：通過小組活動，學(xué)生能夠提高合作意識，體驗(yàn)合作學(xué)習(xí)的快樂。(2)該教學(xué)片段屬于閱讀教學(xué)中的新課講授環(huán)節(jié)。在本環(huán)節(jié)中，教師安排了初讀感知和精細(xì)研讀鼴個部分的閱讀訓(xùn)練，層層深入地引導(dǎo)學(xué)生積極探索新知，通過具體任務(wù)的設(shè)置訓(xùn)練了學(xué)生的閱讀能力，使學(xué)生掌握尋讀的閱讀策。在教學(xué)中運(yùn)用了小組合作的學(xué)習(xí)方式，提高了學(xué)生的口語表達(dá)能力。培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生的團(tuán)隊(duì)精神和合作意識。(3)該教師采用的反饋方式是口頭反饋、啟發(fā)學(xué)生自己改錯的方式。在外語教學(xué)中，教師不應(yīng)該像監(jiān)控器一樣監(jiān)控學(xué)生的語言輸出。教學(xué)的最終目的是要促進(jìn)遷移發(fā)生，也就是說，要啟發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)會用自己已經(jīng)掌握的知識對自己的交際進(jìn)行監(jiān)控，自己改正錯誤。所以，該教師的做法啟發(fā)了學(xué)生的思維。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生自己發(fā)現(xiàn)問題并改正，從而能更好地提高學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)效率，達(dá)到語言訓(xùn)練的目的。同時，該教師的反饋具有激勵性，學(xué)生回答出錯是很正常的情況，教師對此給予積極的鼓勵會幫助學(xué)生樹立學(xué)習(xí)的自信心，培養(yǎng)學(xué)習(xí)的興趣。二、根據(jù)提供的信息和語言素材設(shè)計(jì)教學(xué)方案，用英文作答。設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)：請閱讀下面學(xué)生信息和語言素材，設(shè)計(jì)一個25分鐘的閱讀訓(xùn)練活動。教案沒有固定格式．但須包含下列要點(diǎn)：teachingobjectivesteachingcontentskeyanddifficultpointsmajorstepsandtimeallocationactivitiesandjustifications教學(xué)時間：25分鐘學(xué)生概況：某城鎮(zhèn)普通中學(xué)高中一年級學(xué)生，班級人數(shù)40人。多數(shù)學(xué)生已經(jīng)達(dá)到《普通高中英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(實(shí)驗(yàn))》五級水平。學(xué)生課堂參與積極性一般。語言素材：Franklin'sFamousKiteExperimentIntheeighteenthcentury,BenjaminFranklinconductedanumberofexperimentsinwhichheshowedwhatelectricityis.Hereishowhedescribedoneofhisexperiments.【答案】Classtype：ReadingclassTeachingContents：Franklin’sFamousKiteExperimentTeachingObjectives：(1)KnowledgeobjectiveStudentscanmasterthefollowingwords,phrasesandthesentencepatterns.①Importantwords:conduct,charge,shock,prove,tear,fasten,explain,appear②Importantphrases:doanexperiment,agreatdeal,tie...tostop...from...③Importantsentencepatterns:HavingrealizedthatIcoulduseIdecidedtodoanexperiment.(2)AbilityobjectiveStudentscanimprovetheirreadingabilitythroughreadingactivities.(3)Emotionalobjectives①Afterlearningthepassage,studentsareexpectedtoknowaboutsomefamousscientistsandtheirinventionsandtrainstudents'qualitiesofscience.②Studentswillhaveaseriousattitudetowardsscience.TeachingKeyPoints:三、下面是某教師的課堂教學(xué)片段：T:...Now,let'smakeourownwisheswith"ifonly".Butpleasedon'tforgettogiveadescription,eventhoughit'sverybrief,ofsituation,thecontext,whereyoumakethewishwithoneortwosentences...HowaboutLiz?Liz:Nowit's5o'clock,andthereisatrafficjamontheexpressway.Thehotelwillcancelourroomat6o'clockifwedonotgettothehotel.Then,I'llsay:Oh,IwishifonlyIdidn'tgoonthejourney.T:Listen,Liz.Yousee,onceyouuse"Iwish",youdon'tneedtouse"ifonly".Justuseeitherone.Liz:Yes.T:Sowillyoutryagain?Justthewish.Liz:IfonlyIdidn'tgoonthejourney.T:Tomakeitbetter,youcansay"ifonlyIhadn'tgoneonthisjourney",becauseyouarealreadyontheway.Goon,please.請根據(jù)所給材料，分析該教師的教學(xué)目的和教學(xué)過程，評價其教學(xué)行為和反饋方式?！敬鸢浮?1)分析教學(xué)目的和教學(xué)過程①教學(xué)目的：知識目標(biāo)：學(xué)生掌握由ifonly引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣的用法。技能目標(biāo)：提高學(xué)生的英語造句能力、語法運(yùn)用能力以及英語表達(dá)能力。情感目標(biāo)：學(xué)生可以正確認(rèn)識自己的錯誤并且改正錯誤，養(yǎng)成良好的意志品質(zhì)。②教學(xué)過程：該教學(xué)情境屬于語法教學(xué)中的鞏固環(huán)節(jié)。教師采用讓學(xué)生創(chuàng)設(shè)語境進(jìn)行造句的方法對所學(xué)的ifonly引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣的用法進(jìn)行鞏固。教學(xué)過程中師生對話，既學(xué)習(xí)了語法又鍛煉了口語表達(dá)能力。(2)評價教學(xué)行為和反饋方式優(yōu)：①及時評價，幫助學(xué)生糾正語法錯誤。做到語法訓(xùn)練的準(zhǔn)確性。②語法鞏固練習(xí)設(shè)置要求學(xué)生結(jié)合具體語境造句．可以鍛煉學(xué)生在自己所創(chuàng)設(shè)的語境中應(yīng)用英語，鍛煉了語言綜合運(yùn)用能力。③教學(xué)素材的使用貼近學(xué)生生活．如：makeourownwishes就可以讓學(xué)生有話可說，體現(xiàn)了英語教學(xué)的實(shí)踐性，真正體現(xiàn)了素質(zhì)教育的理念。④該教學(xué)片段屬于語法教學(xué)中的鞏固環(huán)節(jié)，因此，體現(xiàn)了語言教學(xué)的漸進(jìn)性、持續(xù)性。缺：①語法鞏固練習(xí)形式顯單一枯燥。該教師僅采用了讓學(xué)生造句的練習(xí)方法。②反饋過程缺少對學(xué)生的鼓勵．會打擊學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的積極性。學(xué)生回答問題之后，沒有鼓勵學(xué)生，而是直接“Listen，Liz．Yousee，onceyouuse…”③反饋的方式過于直接，可以采用引導(dǎo)的方式，讓學(xué)生自己發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的語法錯誤并進(jìn)行改正，達(dá)到印象深刻的目的。該老師在教學(xué)過程中總是直接指出學(xué)生的錯誤。④教師沒有充分預(yù)料到學(xué)生的出錯點(diǎn)，做到提前糾錯。如在讓學(xué)生造句之前．應(yīng)該區(qū)別ifonly和wish在虛擬語氣句子中的用法。這樣在學(xué)生造句過程中就不會出現(xiàn)Liz的問題了。四、根據(jù)題目要求完成下列任務(wù)，用中文作答。下面是某英語教師在教授TheOlympicGames一課后布置的作業(yè)：?Nowyouhavetwotasks.Oneistofinishthelisteningpartinworkbook.TheotheristofindaninterestingmythologyabouttheOlympicGamesandsharewithustomorrow.根據(jù)作業(yè)內(nèi)容回答以下問題：?(1)該作業(yè)布置的合理嗎?(2)布置作業(yè)應(yīng)注意哪些事項(xiàng)?(3)常見的作業(yè)有哪些形式?請結(jié)合實(shí)例為本課設(shè)置新的作業(yè)形式(至少一種)?！敬鸢浮?1)兩個作業(yè)都比較合理．第一個作業(yè)完成課后作業(yè)里的聽力部分，目的是讓學(xué)生在課后能繼續(xù)復(fù)習(xí)本節(jié)課所學(xué)內(nèi)容，同時鍛煉了聽的能力：第二個作業(yè)屬于開放式的作業(yè)．讓學(xué)生在課后搜集與奧林匹克運(yùn)動會有關(guān)的話題．并在第二天的時候進(jìn)行匯報(bào)．這樣的作業(yè)形式既沒有很大的書寫量又鍛煉了學(xué)生的信息搜集能力和語言組織能力．是比較好的作業(yè)形式。(2)布置的作業(yè)既不要給學(xué)生造成壓力又要能讓學(xué)生在課后很好地復(fù)習(xí)所學(xué)知識．所以教師要注意作業(yè)的形式，不要布置讓學(xué)生進(jìn)行機(jī)械記憶的作業(yè)，而要讓學(xué)生多動手．利用多種資源找到和本節(jié)課話題有關(guān)的知識．鍛煉聽說能力．將課堂所學(xué)的知識技能應(yīng)用到實(shí)際生活中去．(3)課時作業(yè)、課本劇表演作業(yè)、問卷調(diào)查作業(yè)、采訪型作業(yè)、辯論型作業(yè)。本節(jié)課也可以采用問卷調(diào)查類型的作業(yè)，讓學(xué)生回家之后調(diào)查家人朋友對奧林匹克運(yùn)動會的熟悉程度．并做詳細(xì)記錄．第二節(jié)課再和同學(xué)們分享家人朋友的感想．五、根據(jù)題目要求完成下列任務(wù)，用中文作答。什么是教學(xué)反思?(4分)教學(xué)反思的注意事項(xiàng)有哪些?(6分)請具體說明教學(xué)后反思階段的內(nèi)容。(10分)【答案】(1)教學(xué)反思是教師為改進(jìn)教學(xué)而對教學(xué)進(jìn)行反思的行為，包括收集有關(guān)教學(xué)的數(shù)據(jù)，對自己的信念、態(tài)度、價值觀、知識、假設(shè)、教學(xué)實(shí)踐以及社會所給予的機(jī)會和限制進(jìn)行批判性思考，從而尋求其他方法以更有效地達(dá)到目的和目標(biāo)。(2)注意事項(xiàng)：①教學(xué)反思的內(nèi)容要具體合理：反思要針對具體的教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)與設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行，不能過于籠統(tǒng)，也不能從觀念與理論上做一些大而無當(dāng)、空洞無物的說明；不應(yīng)當(dāng)套用特定的理論標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或使用過高的、不切實(shí)際的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來反思自己的教學(xué)過程。②教學(xué)反思的分析與表述要準(zhǔn)確：要準(zhǔn)確地說明所分析的對象，分析的邏輯要清晰明了，不要使用一些模糊的、自編的，或只是在小范圍內(nèi)熟知的、常用的套話或術(shù)語。③教學(xué)反思的要求要客觀：要以改進(jìn)教學(xué)效果、提高學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)效率為目標(biāo)，不應(yīng)當(dāng)一味地拔高要求，或是無原則地自我批評。(3)教學(xué)后反思的內(nèi)容：教學(xué)后反思圍繞教學(xué)內(nèi)容、教學(xué)過程、教學(xué)策略進(jìn)行。具體為：①教學(xué)內(nèi)容方面確定教學(xué)目標(biāo)的適用性；對目標(biāo)所采取的教學(xué)策略做出判斷。②教學(xué)過程方面回憶教學(xué)是怎樣進(jìn)行的；對教學(xué)目標(biāo)的反思：是否達(dá)到預(yù)期的教學(xué)效果；對教學(xué)理論的反思：是否符合教與學(xué)的基本規(guī)律；對學(xué)生的評價與反思：各類學(xué)生是否達(dá)到了預(yù)定目標(biāo)；對執(zhí)行教學(xué)計(jì)劃情況的反思：改變計(jì)劃的原因和方法是否有效，采用別的活動和方法是否更有效；對改進(jìn)措施的反思：教學(xué)計(jì)劃怎樣修改會更有效。③教學(xué)策略方面感知環(huán)節(jié)：教師要意識到教學(xué)中存在的問題與自己密切相關(guān)；理解環(huán)節(jié)：教師要對自己的教學(xué)活動與倡導(dǎo)的理論，行為結(jié)果與期望進(jìn)行比較，明確問題根源；重組環(huán)節(jié)：教師要重審教學(xué)思想，尋求新策略；驗(yàn)證環(huán)節(jié)：檢驗(yàn)新思想、新策略、新方案是否更有效，形成新感知，發(fā)現(xiàn)新問題，開始新循環(huán)。六、根據(jù)題目要求完成下列任務(wù)，用中文作答。下面是某教師的課堂教學(xué)片段。T:Whatdidyourmumdoyesterday,WangLin?S:Mymumbuyedthedressforme.T:Oh,thatisnice.Yourmumboughtitforyou,didshe?S:Yes.T:Wheredidshebuyit?S:Shebuyeditintown.T:Oh,sheboughtitintownforyou.Well,itisverynice.請根據(jù)所給材料回答下列三個問題。(1)學(xué)生在對話中的語言錯誤是什么?(4分)(2)該教師采用什么方式來糾正學(xué)生的錯誤?效果如何?(8分)(3)教師還可以采用哪些方式糾錯?請舉例說明。(18分)【答案】(1)該學(xué)生犯了口語語法錯誤，用錯了動詞過去式的形式。即Mymumbuyedthedressforme．buyed---，bought，Shebuyeditintown．buyed--*bought。(2)該教師采用了重述法(Recasts)來糾正學(xué)生的錯誤。教師對學(xué)生語言表達(dá)中的錯誤進(jìn)行了含蓄糾正，即先進(jìn)行部分肯定之后用正確的語言重述學(xué)生的表達(dá)，不指出錯誤，而通過不同的語氣(如反問)、語調(diào)、眼神、動作等，讓學(xué)生自己意識到自己的錯誤。此糾錯技巧對于糾正學(xué)生口語中的語法錯誤比較有效。(3)①直接糾錯法(ExplicitCorrection)當(dāng)學(xué)生出現(xiàn)語言錯誤時，教師打斷語言訓(xùn)練或?qū)嵺`活動。對其錯誤予以正面糾正(說出正確的語言形式，并讓學(xué)生改正)。這種糾錯方式常用于旨在讓學(xué)生掌握正確的語言形式而進(jìn)行的機(jī)械操練或側(cè)重語言精確輸出的各種練習(xí)中。教師可用以下課堂用語：Youshouldsay…／No．youshouldn’tsaythat…／Readalterme．／Payattentionto…／Oh．youmean…／Wedon’tsay…inEnglish，wesay…等，例如：T：WhatdidyoudolastnightS：lgotoseeamoviewithmyparents．T:Oh,Youshouldsay"Iwenttoseeamoviewithmyparents".S:Oh,sorry.Iwenttoseeamoviewithmyparents.②強(qiáng)調(diào)暗示法(Pinpointing)教師重復(fù)學(xué)生的話．有意重讀并拖長出錯部分的發(fā)音或用升調(diào)以表示特別強(qiáng)調(diào)。這種方法常用于學(xué)生的自我糾錯。這樣既能糾正學(xué)生的口語錯誤，保證學(xué)生順利進(jìn)行口頭敘述，又能顧及學(xué)生的自尊心，促進(jìn)他們參與口語活動的積極性。例如：T:WheredidyougoonvacationthissummerS:IgotoHongKongformyvacation.T:YougotoHongKong七、設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)：請閱讀下面學(xué)生信息和語言素材，設(shè)計(jì)一節(jié)課的教學(xué)方案。教案沒有固定格式，但須包含下列要點(diǎn)：·teachingobjectives·teachingcontents·keyanddifficultpoints·majorstepsandtimeallocation·activitiesandjustification教學(xué)時間：45分鐘學(xué)生概況：某城鎮(zhèn)普通中學(xué)高中一年級第一學(xué)期學(xué)生，班級人數(shù)40人。多數(shù)學(xué)生已經(jīng)達(dá)到《普通高中英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（實(shí)驗(yàn)）五級水平。學(xué)生課堂參與積極性一般。語言素材：Pompeii:ThefactsAugust24,intheyearAD79,begannormallyforthepeopleinPompeii,atownatthefootof?MountVesuvius.Farmerswentouttotheirfields,shopkeeperssetouttheirgoodsforsale,craftspeople?openedtheirworkshopsandtherichwalkedtothepublicbathswhiletheirservantscleanedtheirhouses?andwashedtheirclothes.Unfortunately,theendofthedaywasfarfromnormalforthe20,000citizensof?Pompeii.Earlyintheafternoon,whenmanypeoplewererestingfromtheheatoftheday,MountVesuvius?erupted.Millionsoftonnesofash,lavaandpumicepouredontothesurroundinghillsideandoverthe?townofPompeiiandothertownsandvillages.ByeveningPompeiiwasburiedunder3-5metersofashand?mud,andatleast2,000men,womenandchildrenwereburiedwiththeirtown.【答案】Teachingobjectives:（1）KnowledgeobjectiveStudentscanmasterthewordsaboutvolcanoeruptionsandtheusageof"erupt".（2）AbilityobjectiveStudentscandescribenaturaldisastersandpastevents.（3）EmotionobjectiveStudentscanspeakEnglishconfidentlyinfrontoftheclass.TeachingContents:ThepassageisabouthowthecityofPompeiiwasdestroyedbyvolcanoeruption.Teachingkeypoints:Studentscanmasterthewordsaboutvolcanoeruptionandknowhowtodescribeanaturaldisaster.Teachingdifficultpoints:Studentscandescribeanaturaldisasterbyusingthewordsandsentencestructurestheyhavelearned.Teachingprocedures:Step1Lead-in（5minutes）八、根據(jù)題目要求完成下列任務(wù)。用中文作答。下面是四位英語教師的英語教學(xué)片段：?TeacherAT:Whatdayistoday?S:IsMonday.T:Oh,good.ItisMonday?S:Yes,itisMonday.TeacherBT:Who'sthiswoman?S:Heis...T:Oh,nothe.Youshoulduseshe.TeacherCT:Whatdidyoudoyesterday?【答案】(1)①TeacherA在面對學(xué)生的語言錯誤時首先給予學(xué)生肯定，然后采用了引導(dǎo)的方式，通過重復(fù)學(xué)生的答案，巧妙引出正確答案，讓學(xué)生自己意識到錯誤并自行糾正。②TeacherB則用了直接告知法，首先否定了學(xué)生的答案，然后直接告訴學(xué)生正確的答案，這種方法看似快捷，其實(shí)陷入了過分糾錯的誤區(qū)，給學(xué)生帶來了一定的心理壓力。③TeacherC直接忽了學(xué)生的語言錯誤，沒有進(jìn)行提醒或糾錯，過分寬容的態(tài)度雖可以保護(hù)學(xué)生的自尊心和自信心，但是卻容易造成學(xué)生對知識的錯誤理解，不利于學(xué)生語言的發(fā)展。(2)教師D采用了學(xué)生間相互糾錯的方法。學(xué)生間相互糾錯是指將學(xué)生的書面作業(yè)相互交換，讓他們檢查并找出錯誤交給本人改正或直接由檢查人改正的方法。這種交換方法可以在同桌之間或前后排之間進(jìn)行。讓學(xué)生充當(dāng)教師的角色。他們會有新奇感和自豪感，會倍加珍惜這種機(jī)會，認(rèn)真仔細(xì)地去尋找錯誤并改正錯誤。(3)①容忍錯誤，允許犯錯。在課堂上，對于在口語中學(xué)生出現(xiàn)的并不妨礙交際意義正常進(jìn)行，不至于影響意思的表達(dá)差錯，或在以后的語言中可以自行改正的錯誤，教師則不應(yīng)中斷學(xué)生的發(fā)言并給予糾正。②教師在糾錯時要關(guān)注學(xué)生的情感，注重學(xué)生的個性與特點(diǎn)，重在鼓勵，防止學(xué)生產(chǎn)生過分的焦慮和挫敗感，更不能諷刺和挖苦學(xué)生，傷害學(xué)生的自尊心和自信心。在課堂教學(xué)中，教師對學(xué)生多表揚(yáng)，少批評；多肯定，少否定。③教師在糾錯時要綜合考慮教學(xué)效果、學(xué)生的語言水平、性格特征情感因素等，做到多種糾錯策靈活運(yùn)用。④創(chuàng)造條件，營造環(huán)境，盡力避免錯誤。糾錯的最好辦法是將可能發(fā)生的錯誤消滅在錯誤發(fā)生之前。教師在備課時，應(yīng)認(rèn)真鉆研教材內(nèi)容，研究學(xué)生的情況，預(yù)先估計(jì)學(xué)生可能出現(xiàn)的問題或錯誤，并在課堂教學(xué)中，對于可能會出現(xiàn)的錯誤．直言正確用法，并進(jìn)行反復(fù)操練。九、設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)：請閱讀下面學(xué)生信息和語言素材，設(shè)計(jì)一節(jié)課的教學(xué)方案。教案沒有固定格式，但須包含下列要點(diǎn)：·teachingobjectives·teachingcontents·keyanddifficultpoints·majorstepsandtimeallocation·activitiesandjustification教學(xué)時間：45分鐘學(xué)生概況：某城鎮(zhèn)普通中學(xué)高中