全高考必考語法精講精練：代詞

高考必考語法精講精練：代詞代詞是英語中非常重要的一類詞，也是高考必考考點(diǎn)?！?017年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試大綱》附錄語法項(xiàng)目表中對(duì)代詞考查列了六項(xiàng)：①人稱代詞②物主代詞③反身代詞④指示代詞⑤不定代詞⑥疑問代詞。2015年高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ第54題（完形填空）考查的是代詞whoever、whatever、whichever與whenever的辨析；第63題（語法填空）考查的是its的用法；第78題（短文改錯(cuò)）考查的是不定代詞much與many的辨析，第80題（短文改錯(cuò)）考查的是your與our的辨析。2016年高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ第44題（完形填空）考查的是代詞each，another，this與that的辨析；第68題（語法填空）考查的是its的用法（給出代詞it，根據(jù)題意須將其變?yōu)閕ts）；第71題（短文改錯(cuò)）考查的是關(guān)系代詞that與which的辨析；第79題（短文改錯(cuò)）考查的是our與his的辨析。2017高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ第70題考查的是關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。III.不定代詞用法注意點(diǎn)：1.one,some與any:1)one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，復(fù)數(shù)為ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑問句和否定句。Oneshouldlearntothinkofothers.Haveyouanybookmarks?No,Idon'thaveanybookmarks.Ihavesomequestionstoask.2)some可用于疑問句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答復(fù)，或者表示建議，請(qǐng)求等。Wouldyoulikesomebananas?Couldyougivemesomemoney?3)some和any修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，some表示某個(gè)，any表示任何一個(gè)。Ihavereadthisarticleinsomemagazine.Pleasecorrectthemistakes,ifany.4)some和數(shù)詞連用表示"大約"，any可與比較級(jí)連用表示程度。Therearesome3,000studentsinthisschool.Doyoufeelanybettertoday?2.each和every:each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)別，代表的數(shù)可以是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上，而every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，所指的數(shù)必須是三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上。Eachstudenthasapocketdictionary.Each(ofus)hasadictionary.Weeachhaveadictionary.Everystudenthasstrongandweakpoints.Everyoneofushasstrongandweakpoints.3.none和no：no等于notany，作定語。none作主語或賓語，代替不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)，代替可數(shù)名詞，謂語單復(fù)數(shù)皆可以。Thereisnowaterinthebottle.Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle?None.Noneofthestudentsare(is)afraidofdifficulties.4.other和another:1)other泛指"另外的，別的"常與其他詞連用，如：theotherday,everyotherweek,someotherreason,nootherway,theother特指兩者中的另外一個(gè)，復(fù)數(shù)為theothers。如：Heheldabookinonehandandhisnotesintheother.Twostudentsinourclassfailed,butalltheotherspassedtheexam.2)another指"又一個(gè)，另一個(gè)"無所指，復(fù)數(shù)形式是others，泛指"別的人或事"如：Idon'tlikethisshirt,pleaseshowmeanother(one).Thetrousersaretoolong,pleasegivemeanotherpair/someothers.Somelikefootball,whileotherslikebasketball.5.all和both,neither和eitherall表示不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。both和all加否定詞表示部分否定，全部否定用neither和none.AllofthebooksarenotwritteninEnglish.NotallofthebooksarewritteninEnglish.Bothofusarenotteachers.Notbothofusareteachers.Eitherofusisateacher.IV.高考英語短文改錯(cuò)及語法填空考點(diǎn)分析及訓(xùn)練·代詞考點(diǎn)規(guī)律分析：短文改錯(cuò)對(duì)代詞的考查主要涉及人稱代詞的前后一致性(包括指代的一致性和單復(fù)數(shù)的一致性)、人稱代詞的主格與賓語變化、各類代詞的誤加與漏用(尤其是一些易受漢語影響的結(jié)構(gòu))、某些不定代詞的用法(尤其是在意思上用錯(cuò))、代詞在某些習(xí)語中的用法等。語法填空主要涉及代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、人稱代詞主格、賓格以及所有格之間的轉(zhuǎn)換，反身代詞及不定代詞的用法等。代詞單句改錯(cuò)之真題訓(xùn)練：如果有不懂得地方，可以在評(píng)論區(qū)留言咨詢，我一定認(rèn)真回答。1.Davidpointedtoapathwhichithethoughtwouldprobablyleadtoavillage.2.Whenwewalkedtothecar,Billsmiledandshookhead.3.Weclimbeverywhere,notonlyinAmerica.TheyhavebeentoEuropemanytimes.4.AndIcan'tforgetthegoodfoodyoucookedforI.5.Ihopethatbothyoutwocouldcomeandvisitussometimesoon.6.TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeelathome.7.Andtheymustnotbreaktherulestoooftenifwewanttowinthegame.8.NowIcan'twatchmuchtelevision,butafewyearsago…9.I'llspendallthewholeweekendreadingandpreparingforit.10.IthinkIlikedthoseclassesbecauseIfeltthatithelpedmeunderstandwhattheworldworks.11.…inanyotherwords,Iamanonlychild.12.Forexample,whenheboughtachocolatecake,heputtheminasecretplaceIcouldn'tfind.13.Thenheateitallbyhimself.Heneverhelpedother.14.IwaslearningtoexpressmeinsimpleEnglish.15.OnedayIwrotealittlestoryandshowedtomyteacher.16.AtonceIapologizeandcontrolledmeatmybesttillthedinnerstarted.17.Andeveryyearmoreandmorepeoplestartastampcollectionofyourown.18.What'smore,youhavetobefriendlywithyourpupilsandtakegoodcareofhim.代詞單句改錯(cuò)之模擬訓(xùn)練：1.Herearesomelettersforyouandhe.2.Shelovesswimming.Itkeepsshefit.3.HerearethecatsAuntiebroughtus.Takegoodcareofit.4.Everyoneheregetsupearlierthanherdoes.5.Hereismydog.It'snameisPetty.6.Heopenedmouthasiftosaysomething.7.Don'tloseyourheart.Tryagain.8.TheSmithshavebeenmarried,buthavenochildrenofhisown.9.Itellhimeverything,forheisagoodfriendofme.10.Hesmiledatherandlaidherhandonhers.11.Whenyouareawayfromhome,youshouldlookafteryou.12.Ifyouhaveanyquestion,putuphand.13.It'saveryimportantthing.Youmustthinkovercarefully.14.Idon'tlikethese;pleaseshowmesomeother.15.Inordertocatchthethief,thepolicedidhisbest.16.Thisisthebookwhichyouboughtitformetenyearsago.17.I'mverysorryaboutallthewholething.18.WhenIgotup,Ifoundparentswerepreparingbreakfastforme.19.Yes,moneyisveryimportant,butitisnotanything.20.Attheairport,allhisbaggagewasstolen,butsoonhegotthemback.代詞單句改錯(cuò)之提升訓(xùn)練：A級(jí)1.Shegavethebookstoyou,himandI.2.Whosedictionaryisthis?----It'smy.3.ThisisTom'scap,notyour.4.Ihaven'tbroughtthedictionarywithme.Willyoulendmeyour?5.Kateandhersisterwentonholidaywithacousinofhers.6.Heistooyoungtolookafterhe.7.Healwayshelpsothers.Thisiswhywetrusthim.8.Thattookhimthreehourstofinishthehomework.9.Whoisthatman?----Heisateacher.10.Theywerebothverytired,butnoneofthemwouldstoptotakearest.B級(jí)1.Itismewhoamgoingtohelpher.2.Hethinksmoreofothersthanofoneself.3.Wehadbetteraskthepresidenthimaboutit.4.ThatisexactlyallwhatIwanttotellyou.5.Whatshesaidisthesameasus.6.TheweatherinsummerinBeijingishotterthanitinGuangzhou.7.Herunsfasterthananyoneinhisclass.8.Idon'tthinkthatpossibletomasteraforeignlanguageinashorttime.9.Eachofthemknewabouttheplanbecauseitwaskeptasecret.10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostofthosehadn'tbeencleanedforatleastayear.代詞單句語法填空之真題訓(xùn)練：1.Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalivelythree－month－oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby________(it)mother.2.Nonewsisgoodnews,andgoodnewsisnonews.________aretheclassicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsandthemorningpapers.3.Forthefirsttime,Ifeelgoodabout________(me)becauseI'mdoingsomething,notbecausesomeonetoldmeIwasdoinggood.4.Bothmenandwomenarelivinglongerthesedaysinindustrializedcountries.However,women,onaverage,livelonger.Ingeneral,________canexpecttolivesixorsevenyearsmorethanmen.5.Inmanyways,theeducationsystemintheUSisnotverydifferentfrom________intheUK.6.Howwouldyoulike________ifyouwerewatchingyourfavoriteTVprogramandsomeonecameintotheroomandjustshutitoffwithoutaskingyou?7.ThemeetingwillbeheldinSeptember,but________knowsthedateforsure.8.Towarmhimself，thesailorsatinfrontofthefirerubbingonebarefootagainstthe________.9.Nikiisalwaysfullofideas，but________isusefultomyknowledge.10.Thequalityofeducationinthissmallschoolisbetterthan________insomelargerschool.11.Theresearchgroupproducedtworeportsbasedonthesurvey,but________containedanyusefulsuggestions.12.Youcanaskanyoneforhelp.________hereiswillingtolendyouahand.13.—WhenshallIcall，inthemorningorafternoon?—________.I'llbeinallday.14.She'dlivedinLondonandManchester，butsheliked________andmovedtoCambridge.15.Susanmade________cleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.16.I'dappreciate________ifyoucouldletmeknowinadvancewhetherornotyouwillcome.參考答案及解析語法專題二：代詞代詞單句改錯(cuò)之真題訓(xùn)練：1.去掉it，因它與其前的關(guān)系代詞which語義重復(fù))2.head前加his，漢語可"搖頭"，而英語的習(xí)慣要說shakeone'shead3.They改為We，前后人稱不一致4.I改為me，因介詞之后的人稱代詞要用賓格5.去掉both。因both與后面的two意義重復(fù)，況且詞序安排也不對(duì)6.his改為their，因前面的theSmiths指的是"史密斯夫婦"或"史密斯一家"，是復(fù)數(shù)意義7.they改為we，根據(jù)句意，主從句的主語應(yīng)該一致8.去掉much，因?yàn)閺南挛目醋髡攥F(xiàn)在根本就不看電視9.去掉all，因all與whole語義重復(fù)10.it改為they，因它表示thoseclasses11.去掉any，因inotherwords為固定短語，意思是"換句話說"12.them改為it，因它指代上文提到的achocolatecake13.other改為others，others泛指"其他人"14.me改為myself，expressoneself為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為"表明意思、意見，表達(dá)思想"15.showed后加it，showed在此作及物動(dòng)詞，后面缺少賓語16.me改為myself，根據(jù)主語和句意，此處應(yīng)用反身代詞17.your改為their，主語是moreandmorepeople，故用代詞their18.him改為them，因?yàn)榇颂幰娴氖莥ourpupils代詞單句改錯(cuò)之模擬訓(xùn)練：【參考答案】1.he改為him，因與you并列用作介詞for的賓語。2.she改為her，因用作動(dòng)詞keeps的賓語。3.it改為them，因它指代前面的cats。4.her改為she，因其后有動(dòng)詞does。5.It's改為Its，it's=itis/ithas，而its意為"它的"。6.mouth前加his，按英語習(xí)慣，此物主代詞不能少。7.去掉your，比較：loseheart意為灰心，loseone'sheart意為愛上。8.his改為their，因其前相應(yīng)的名詞theSmiths(史密斯夫婦)表復(fù)數(shù)。9.me改為mine，afriendof后習(xí)慣上名詞性物主代詞，不接人稱代詞的賓格形式。10.將herhand中的her改為his，句意為"他對(duì)她笑了笑，把他的手放在她手上"。11.將最后一個(gè)you改為yourself，lookafteroneself意為"自己照顧自己"。12.hand前加your，否則不合英語習(xí)慣。13.think后加it，因thinkover為及物動(dòng)詞。14.other改為others，指另外的一些；若指另外的一個(gè)，可用another。15.his改為their，指代前面的thepolice(它永遠(yuǎn)表復(fù)數(shù)意義)。16.去掉it，因it與which語義重復(fù)。17.去掉all，因它與thewhole語義重復(fù)。18.parents前加my，否則不符合英語習(xí)慣。19.anything改為everything，否則語意不通。20.them改為it，因baggage為不可數(shù)名詞。代詞單句改錯(cuò)之提升訓(xùn)練：A級(jí)1.I改為me2.my改為mine3.your改為yours4.your改為yours5.hers改為theirs6.第二個(gè)he改為himself7.This改為That8.That改為The9.Who改為What10.none改為neitherB級(jí)1.me改為I2.oneself改為himself3.him改為himself4.What改為that或?qū)ll去掉5.us改為ours6.it改為that7.anyone后面加else8.That改為it9.Each改為None10.those改為which代詞單句語法填空之真題訓(xùn)練：1．its[根據(jù)空格后的名詞及前文中的alivelythree－month－oldtwin可知要用形容詞性物主代詞。]2．Those/These[根據(jù)句意：沒消息就是好消息，好消息就是沒消息。對(duì)于一些晚間播報(bào)和早報(bào)來說，這是(那是)經(jīng)典法則。指代前面的兩句話。]3．myself[根據(jù)句意：第一