過去分詞狀語

Grammar

Grammar(1)Readthesentencesandunderlinethev-edforms.1.Encouragedgreatly,theyworkedevenharder. 2.Givenbetterattention,theseflowerscouldhavegrownbetter.3.Consideredmorecarefully,itwouldhavehadagoodresult.4.Borninapoorfamily,hehadonlytwoyearsofschooling.Rewritethesentences,beginningwiththewordsgiveninbrackets.1)Spokenbyfewerandfewerpeoplethesedays,theNaxilanguagemaydisappearinthefuture.(because)

Becauseitisspokenbyfewerandfewerpeoplethesedays,theNaxilanguagemaydisappear.2)Seenfromabove,theoldtownisamazeofcanals,littlebridgesandtinystreets.(when)

Whenitisseenfromabove,theoldtownisamazeofcanals,littlebridgesandtinystreets.

3)Passedfromfathertoson,themusichasnotchangedforeightcenturies.(because)

Becauseitispassedfromfathertoson,themusichasnotchangedforeightcenturies.4)Lookedatfromadistance,theXishanHillsresembleasleepingbeauty.(when)

Whentheyarelookedatfromadistance,theXishanHillsresembleasleepingbeauty.

5)Completelyrebuilt,thetownwouldnotbesointeresting.(if)

Ifitwerecompletelyrebuilt,thetownwouldnotbesointeresting.Summary:thefunctionsofv-edformas

adverbials.過去分詞(pastparticiples)或過去分詞短語(pastparticipialphrases)作狀語是英語中常見的語言現(xiàn)象，可表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。(1)作時間狀語。如：

Seenfromthetopofthehill,ourschoollooksbeautiful.從山頂上看，我們學(xué)校看起來很美。

Heated,liquidscanbechangedintogases.液體被加熱會變成氣體。 注意:作時間狀語時,過去分詞如果同時表被動和動作完成,常可換用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動完成式;過去分詞如果只表被動,不表完成,則不可與現(xiàn)在分詞的被動完成式換用。如:Discussed(Havingbeendiscussed)manytimes,theproblemsweresettledatlast.在討論了多次之后,問題終于解決了。(過去分詞既表被動又表完成) Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.從山上看這個公園非常漂亮。(過去分詞只表被動)

相當(dāng)于when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句.如果兩個動作同時發(fā)生,可在分詞前用when,while等使其時間意義更明確(2)作原因狀語。如: Attractedbythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidedtospendanothertwodaysonthefarm.被自然美迷住了，來自倫敦的那個姑娘決定在農(nóng)場再呆兩天。

Bornandbroughtupinthecountryside,hewasinterestedinbiology.由于在農(nóng)村出生并長大,他對生物很感興趣。(3)作條件狀語。如：

Givenanotherchance,hewilldobetter.再給他一次機(jī)會，他會做得更好。

Growninrichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast.如果種在肥沃的土壤里,這些種子能長得很快。 相當(dāng)于if,unless引導(dǎo)的從句。相當(dāng)于as,since,because引導(dǎo)的從句,這類狀語多放在句子前半部分。(4)作讓步狀語。如：

Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy.盡管被許多人嘲笑,他還是繼續(xù)他的研究。

Exhaustedbytheclimbing,theoldmanwasdeterminedtogettothetopofthehill.盡管已經(jīng)爬得筋疲力盡，那位老人決定爬到山頂。 相當(dāng)于though,although引導(dǎo)的從句。(5)表方式或伴隨情況。如：

Followedbysomeofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.被一些官員跟隨著,拿破侖視察了他的軍隊。

Hestoodtheresilently,movedtotears.他靜靜地站在那里,被感動得熱淚盈眶。 作狀語表示方式或伴隨情況時,過去分詞可用并列句代替，如: Thehunterlefthishouse,followedbyhisdog.(=Hewasfollowedbythedog.)注意(1)過去分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語須與句子的主語保持一致，它們之間存在著被動關(guān)系。如：

Givenbetterattention,thetreescouldgrowbetter.若管理得好一些，這些樹木會生長得更好些。(2)有時,為了明確時間、條件、讓步或原因等,分詞前面可加連詞when,if,unless,once,although或副詞如deeply,completely,greatly等。如：

Sugar,whenmixedwithwater,dissolvesquickly.糖與水混合很快就溶解。

Althoughtired,Imustgoonworking.我雖然累了，但必須繼續(xù)干。(3)過去分詞短語還可以和介詞“with”或“without”連用。如：

Youshouldgotosleepwiththelightturnedoff.你應(yīng)該把燈熄了再睡。

Withoutanythingleftinthekitchen,wedecidedtoeatout.廚房里沒有剩下任何東西，我們決定出去吃。(4)如果分詞的邏輯主語與所修飾的句子的主語不一致，就要有自己的邏輯主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)(theabsoluteconstruction)。如：

Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday.考試結(jié)束了,我們開始放假。

Moretimegiven,weshouldhavedoneitmuchbetter.如果給我們更多的時間，我們會做得更好。Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformoftheverbsinthebox.knowgiveinvitelosevisit1)When_____inspring,thehillsarecoveredwithflowers.2)______asoneoftheloveliestplacesinChina,Yunnanisnowvisitedbymanytourists.visitedKnownPractice3)____inthestreets,wedecidedtoaskforhelp.4)______intoaNaxihome,youshouldacceptwithpleasure.5)If_____somethingyoudon’twanttoeat,justrefusepolitely.givenInvitedLostCompletethefollowingsentences,usingthegivenwords.1)_____(face)withadifficultsituation,Arnolddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice.2)___(put)intouseinApril2004,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.FacedPut3)When______(offer)help,oneoftensays“Thankyou.”or“It’skindofyou.”4)“Youcan’tcatchme!”Janetshouted,_______(run)away.offeredrunningWritecompletesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewords.1.discover/onlyrecently/oldtown/be/stillveryquiet

Discoveredonlyrecently,theoldtownisstillveryquiet.2.visit/largenumbers/tourists/oldtown/cangetverycrowded(When)visitedbylargenumbersoftourists,theoldtowncangetverycrowded.3.build/side/mountain/village/be/veryattractive

Asitisbuiltonthesideofamountain,thevillageisveryattractive.4.cook/traditionalway/food/be/delicious(When)cookedinatraditionalway,thefoodisdelicious.TranslatethesentencesusingV-edform.(1)因為寫得匆忙，這篇文章不是很好。(2)工作提前完成了，他非常滿意。Writteninahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood!Hewassatisfied,withtheworkfinishedaheadoftime.(3)教授走進(jìn)了教室，學(xué)生跟在身后。(4)這樣的機(jī)會一旦失去了，恐怕不會再來了。(5)他靜靜地坐在那里，眼睛看著湖面。Theprofessorcameintotheclassroom,followedbyhisstudents.Oncelost,suchachancemightnevercomeagain.Hesattheresilently,(with)hiseyesfixedonthelake.Grammar(2)PhrasalverbsMatchthephrasalverbswiththeirmeanings.comeacrossmakeuphearofgoonputsb.upfallforthinkoverfallinlovewithrunintocontinueletsb.stayinyourhomeconsiderbeacertainpartofsth.knowaboutCompletethesentenceswiththephrasalverbsabove.1.Ifyou___________agoodbookonYunnan,canyoubuyitforme?2.I’ll_________yoursuggestionsbutI’mnotsureIagreewiththem.comeacrossthinkover3.AfriendofminewenttoYunnanand______aDaiwoman.They’remarriednow.4.IknowalotabouttheDaipeoplebutI’venever_______thecustom.fellforheardof5.Anoldmanofferedto____us__inhishouse.6.Non-Hanpeople________nearly30%ofYunnan’spopulation.7.I’msointerestedinwhatyou’resaying.Please_____.putsupmakeupgoonChoosethebestanswers.1.Itseemsdifficultto____“hurt”from“injure”inmeaning.A.judgeB.tellC.divide