廣東省廣州市第三中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期一模考前模擬英語(yǔ)試題2

2023屆高三一模前診斷英語(yǔ)測(cè)試第一部分·閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題分，滿分分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ADreamjobintheAntarcticincludescountingpenguinsAlwayswantedtocountpenguinsinAntarctica?Wellnowyoucan,withthePenguinWatchproject,launchedtodaybyOxfordUniversity.Penguins—globallyloved,butunderthreat.Researchshowsthatinsomeregions,penguinpopulationsareindecline;butwhy?Click“getstarted”tobeginmonitoringpenguins,andhelpusanswerthisquestion.Withover100sitestoexplore,weneedyourhelpnowmorethanever!WorkershavetocountpenguinsandotherwildlifefortheBritishAntarcticSurvey,andareportisduebytheendofemployment.OtherdutiesincludemanagingthegiftshopandthepostofficeonbehalfoftheBritishAntarcticTerritoryGovernment.Thepostofficesaysitgetsabout80,000piecesofmailaseason.Accordingtotheapplication,thesuccessfulcandidate“willneedtobephysicallyandmedicallyabletodothejob.”Livingconditionsare“basicbutcomfortable,”butthereislimitedpowerandnorunningwaterorInternetaccess,whichmeans“veryminimalcommunication”totheoutsideworld.It’snotjustforfun,though;theprojecthassomeimportantimplications.Withtheirfindings,theresearchershopetodetailtheeffectsofclimatechangebyanalyzingdataontimingofbreeding,survivalrateofchicks,andrateofpredationonchicks.Forthoseinterestedbelow35yearsoldtheapplicationcanbefoundhere,withadeadlineat7:59p.m.onAugust25.Internationalcandidatescanapply,buttheymusthavetherighttoworkintheUnitedKingdomandfluentinEnglish,andthoseselectedwillhaveaweekoftraininginCambridgeinOctober.Ifyouwouldliketosupportourwork,wewouldbeextremelygrateful.Herearesomewaysyoucangetinvolved:￡50—BecomeaPenguinPenPal,andwewillsendyouapostcardfromournextfieldseasoninAntarctica.￡l50—SponsoraPenguinologist,andreceivealittlepackofPenguinWatchgoodies.1.Whattaskisincludedinthecandidate’swork,accordingtothetext?ATocountpenguinsinAntarctica.B.ToanalyzestatisticsaboutbreedinginAntarctica.C.Towriteaworkreport.D.TorunthegiftshopandthepostofficeinAntarctica.2.Whowillmostlikelygetthisjob?A.Mary,aged27,fromtheUSA,likestoworkonbusinesstripsandisskilledatanalysingdata.B.John,aged40,fromtheUKhasworkedinthepostofficeandisexperiencedincommunication.C.Joy,aged30,fromJapanhasgraduatedfromOxforduniversityandlikesworkinginaquietplace.D.Rachael,aged36,fromCanadaisexperiencedinbreedingfarmanimals.3.Wherecanyoufindthistext?A.Onthewebsite. B.Inthenewspaper.C.Inthebook. D.Inthemagazine.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，是南極觀測(cè)項(xiàng)目的招聘啟事，主要介紹的是招聘的要求、工作要點(diǎn)等。1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第五段的“Withtheirfindings,theresearchershopetodetailtheeffectsofclimatechangebyanalyzingdataontimingofbreeding,survivalrateofchicks,andrateofpredationonchicks.(通過(guò)他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)，研究人員希望通過(guò)分析繁殖時(shí)間、雛鳥存活率和雛鳥捕食率的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)詳細(xì)說(shuō)明氣候變化的影響。)”可知，分析南極洲的繁殖數(shù)據(jù)這個(gè)部分屬于研究人員的工作，故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由第四段的“Livingconditionsare“basicbutcomfortable,”butthereislimitedpowerandnorunningwaterorInternetaccess,whichmeans“veryminimalcommunication”totheoutsideworld.(生活條件“基本但舒適”，但電力有限，沒(méi)有自來(lái)水，也沒(méi)有互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，這意味著與外界的“溝通非常少”。)”和第六段的“Forthoseinterestedbelow35yearsold,theapplicationcanbefoundhere,withadeadlineat7:59p.m.onAugust25.Internationalcandidatescanapply,buttheymusthavetherighttoworkintheUnitedKingdomandfluentinEnglish(35歲以下有興趣的人可以在這里找到申請(qǐng)，截止日期是8月25日晚上7點(diǎn)59分。國(guó)際候選人可以申請(qǐng)，但他們必須有在英國(guó)工作的權(quán)利和流利的英語(yǔ))”可知，申請(qǐng)人必須有在英國(guó)工作的權(quán)利，英語(yǔ)流利，不愛(ài)與外界溝通，因此畢業(yè)于牛津大學(xué)，喜歡在安靜的地方工作的30歲的Joy最有可能得到這份工作，故選C。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。由第二段的“Click“getstarted”tobeginmonitoringpenguins(點(diǎn)擊“開(kāi)始”開(kāi)始監(jiān)測(cè)企鵝)”可知，可以在網(wǎng)上找到這篇文章，故選A。B“Inthefuture,everybodywillbefamousfor15minutes,”saidUSartistAndyWarhol(1928—1987).Andheisquiteright.Nowitseemsthatanybodycanbecomeaninstantonlinecelebrity.WarholisbestnotedforhispaintingsthatrepresentcelebrityfacesandUSconsumergoods,likeCoca-ColabottlesorCampbel’ssoupcans.Asagreatinfluenceonthetwentiethcenturypopartmovement,AndyWarholrosetobecomeacornerstoneinthecontemporaryartworld,devotedtobringinghisviewsonmaterialism,politicsandeconomicstotheart.Actually,thevisualworldWarholcreatedisdirectlyconnectedtohisbackground.Inthemid-1950s,theworkingclassgatheredagreatdealoffortune.Theywantedtoachieveahigherstatusinsociety.TheconsumergoodsandHollywoodfacesarea“working-class-codediconography(肖像；意象)thatisoftenmisinterpretedasgenerally‘American’.”AnthonyE.Grudin,authorofWarhol’sWorkingClasscommented.ReproducingthesethemesinhisworkmeantthatpeopleoutsideoftheartworldcouldimmediatelyconnectwithWarhol’spictures.Considered“acreatureoftransformation”,Warholconstantlyexploredwithdifferentformsofmediatoevokeresonanceamongpeople.Forexample,inadditiontobeingapainter,Warholwas,inthewordsofUKwriterPeterWollen:“Afilmmaker,awriter,aphotographer,aTVsoapoperaproducer.”Warhol,inshort,waswhatwemightcalla‘Renaissance(文藝復(fù)興)man’,eventhoughhewasaleaderinpoporperhapspost-modernart.”Inhislateryears,hefoundedInterviewMagazineandwroteseveralbooks,includingThePhilosophyofAndyWarhol.ButUKartistGillianWearingsaid,“Warhollefthismarkinmanymorewaysthanhisactualwork.”Warhol’sworksareallabout“America,money,fameanddeath”,UKwriterJonSavageremarked.“Hesummedup,definedandinmanywayssymbolizedtheworldinwhichwenowlive.4.What’sAndyWarhol’spurposeofcreatinghispaintings?A.TohighlightRenaissancestyle. B.Toattainfameandhigherstatus.C.Tocombineartwithmaterialism. D.Tochallengetraditionalartforms.5.WhatdoAndyWarhol’spaintingsfocuson?A.Populardrinks. B.Averagepeople.C.Commercialproducts. D.Livingscenesofworkingclass.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“evokeresonance”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Inspireconnection. B.Receiverecognition.C.Raiseinspiration. D.Gainsympathy.7.WhatkindofpersonisAndyWarholaccordingtothetext?A.Creativeandcritical. B.Conservativeandrealistic.C.Optimisticandencouraging. D.Constructiveandmulti-talented.【答案】4.C5.C6.A7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了美國(guó)藝術(shù)家安迪·沃霍爾的一生以及他的成就?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句話“Asagreatinfluenceonthetwentiethcenturypopartmovement,AndyWarholrosetobecomeacornerstoneinthecontemporaryartworld,devotedtobringinghisviewsonmaterialism,politicsandeconomicstotheart.(作為20世紀(jì)波普藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)的重要影響者，安迪·沃霍爾崛起成為當(dāng)代藝術(shù)界的奠基人，致力于將他的唯物主義、政治學(xué)和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)觀點(diǎn)引入藝術(shù))”可知，安迪·沃霍爾想要把唯物主義、政治學(xué)和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)觀點(diǎn)引入藝術(shù)。由此可知，安迪·沃霍爾創(chuàng)作他的畫的目的是把藝術(shù)與唯物主義結(jié)合起來(lái)。故選C。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句話“WarholisbestnotedforhispaintingsthatrepresentcelebrityfacesandUSconsumergoods,likeCoca-ColabottlesorCampbel’ssoupcans.(沃霍爾以其代表名人面孔和美國(guó)消費(fèi)品，如可口可樂(lè)瓶或坎貝爾湯罐的繪畫而聞名?！币约暗谌吻皫拙湓挕癐nthemid-1950s,theworkingclassgatheredagreatdealoffortune.Theywantedtoachieveahigherstatusinsociety.TheconsumergoodsandHollywoodfacesarea“working-class-codediconography(肖像；意象)thatisoftenmisinterpretedasgenerally‘American’.”AnthonyE.Grudin,authorofWarhol’sWorkingClasscommented.ReproducingthesethemesinhisworkmeantthatpeopleoutsideoftheartworldcouldimmediatelyconnectwithWarhol’spictures.(20世紀(jì)50年代中期，工人階級(jí)積聚了大量財(cái)富。他們想在社會(huì)上獲得更高的地位。消費(fèi)品和好萊塢面孔是“工人階級(jí)編碼的肖像畫，通常被誤解為‘美國(guó)人’。”《沃霍爾的工人階級(jí)》一書的作者安東尼·格魯丁評(píng)論道。在他的作品中再現(xiàn)這些主題意味著藝術(shù)界以外的人可以立即與沃霍爾的作品聯(lián)系起來(lái))”可知，安迪·沃霍爾的畫代表的是名人面孔和美國(guó)消費(fèi)品，人們一看到這些主題的作品，就會(huì)和他聯(lián)系起來(lái)。由此可推知，他的作品的重點(diǎn)是商業(yè)產(chǎn)品。故選C?！?題詳解】短語(yǔ)猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線短語(yǔ)的前一個(gè)句子“ReproducingthesethemesinhisworkmeantthatpeopleoutsideoftheartworldcouldimmediatelyconnectwithWarhol’spictures.(在他的作品中再現(xiàn)這些主題意味著藝術(shù)界以外的人可以立即與沃霍爾的作品聯(lián)系起來(lái)。)”以及劃線短語(yǔ)的前面的半句話“Considered“acreatureoftransformation”,Warholconstantlyexploredwithdifferentformsofmedia(沃霍爾被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)“轉(zhuǎn)型的生物”，他不斷探索不同形式的媒體)”可知，沃霍爾會(huì)在藝術(shù)上會(huì)探索不同形式的媒體，讓人們感覺(jué)和他的作品是有聯(lián)系的，從而增加人們對(duì)他作品的共鳴。由此可知，evokeresonance的意思是“激發(fā)聯(lián)系”。故選A。【7題詳解】推理判讀題。根據(jù)全文以及倒數(shù)第二段“Forexample,inadditiontobeingapainter,Warholwas,inthewordsofUKwriterPeterWollen:“Afilmmaker,awriter,aphotographer,aTVsoapoperaproducer.”Warhol,inshort,waswhatwemightcalla‘Renaissance(文藝復(fù)興)man’,eventhoughhewasaleaderinpoporperhapspost-modernart.”(例如，用英國(guó)作家彼得·沃倫的話說(shuō)，沃霍爾除了是一名畫家外，還是一名電影制片人、作家、攝影師、電視肥皂劇制片人簡(jiǎn)而言之，沃霍爾是我們可以稱之為“文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的人”，盡管他是流行音樂(lè)或后現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。”)”可推知，沃霍爾是一個(gè)建設(shè)性的和多才多藝的人。故選D。CBy2050,ourglobalpopulationmighthavebeenbeyondninebillion,bringingwithitanexpected70%increaseinglobaldemandformeatandfish.Asaresult,thegrowingdemandforsoya-basedfarmfeedisdrivingmassivedestructionofforestsatanalarmingrate,andseaanimalpopulationshavehalvedinthelastfourdecadesduetowidespreadoverfishing.With10millionpoundsfunding,partoftheGovernment’sIndustrialStrategyChallengeFund,astart-upcompanyEntocycleisleadingacooperationthatwillbuildtheUK’sfirstindustrial-scaleinsectfarm.Blacksoldierflies(黑水虻)areusedtoconvertfoodwastefromfarmsandfactoriesintoasustainable,organicinsect-basedproteinfeed,asanalternativetosoya,forfarmedanimals,namelypigs,chickenandfish.Inshortthecompanyisusingfoodwastetocreateinsectproteintofeedtheanimalsthatweeat,whilereducingcarbondioxideemissions(排放)anddeforestation.Followingitsformationin2017,EntocyclespenttimedevelopingitstechnologyaspartoftheEuropeanSpaceAgencyBusinessIncubationCentreUnitedKingdom(ESABICUK),whichismanagedandpartlyfundedbySTFC.Entocycleacquiredtheexpertknowledgetodevelopanetworkofcuttingedgesensors,originallydesignedforuseinspace,tomonitorandoptimize(優(yōu)化)theblacksoldierflies’lifecycle.Theycombinedthiswithbigdataanalysistodeveloptheirproprietarytechnologytomass-rearflies,scalableforindustrialuse,STFC’sDrSueO’Hare,OperationsManagerattheESABICUK,said,“Entocycleisafirst-classexampleofhowspacetechnologycanbeappliedtoaddressoneofthemostimportantglobalchallengeswecurrentlyface—howtofeedtheworldwithoutharmingourplanet.”ItisfantastictoknowthattheESABICUK,partoftheworld’slargestbusinessincubationprogramforspacetechstart-ups,wasabletoprovidetherightenvironmentandsupporttoplayapartintheearlydevelopmentofthisworld-changingtechnology.ThisisasignificantmilestoneforEntocycleasitseekstomakearealandpositiveimpactonmakingourfoodsupplychainsmoreenvironmentallysustainable.8.Howdoestheauthordevelophisopinioninparagraph1?A.Bylistingquestions. B.Bypresentingfacts.C.Bymakingcomparisons. D.Bystatingarguments.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“convert”inparagraph2mean?A.Transform. B.Exchange. C.Dip. D.Add.10.WhatistheDrSueO’Hare’sattitudetoEntocycle?A.Negative. B.Pessimistic. C.Supportive. D.Ambiguous.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.FoodWasteIsaGlobalChallengeB.IncreasingPopulationThreatsOurPlanetC.EntocyclePutsSpaceTechnologyintoUseD.UsingInsectstoTurnFoodWasteintoAnimalFeed【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了科學(xué)家利用昆蟲將食物垃圾轉(zhuǎn)化為可持續(xù)的動(dòng)物飼料?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“By2050,ourglobalpopulationmighthavebeenbeyondninebillion,bringingwithitanexpected70%increaseinglobaldemandformeatandfish.Asaresult,thegrowingdemandforsoya-basedfarmfeedisdrivingmassivedestructionofforestsatanalarmingrate,andseaanimalpopulationshavehalvedinthelastfourdecadesduetowidespreadoverfishing.（到2050年，我們?nèi)虻娜丝诳赡軙?huì)超過(guò)90億，預(yù)計(jì)全球?qū)θ忸惡汪~類的需求將增加70%。因此，對(duì)以大豆為基礎(chǔ)的農(nóng)場(chǎng)飼料不斷增長(zhǎng)的需求正以驚人的速度推動(dòng)森林的大規(guī)模破壞，由于廣泛的過(guò)度捕撈，海洋動(dòng)物的數(shù)量在過(guò)去四年中減少了一半。）”可知，作者在第一段中通過(guò)陳述事實(shí)來(lái)闡述他的觀點(diǎn)的。故選B?！?題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段的“Inshortthecompanyisusingfoodwastetocreateinsectproteintofeedtheanimalsthatweeat,whilereducingcarbondioxideemissionsanddeforestation.（簡(jiǎn)而言之，該公司正在利用食物垃圾制造昆蟲蛋白來(lái)喂養(yǎng)我們吃的動(dòng)物，同時(shí)減少二氧化碳排放和森林砍伐。）”可知，該句是對(duì)前一句的總結(jié)，即“usingfoodwastetocreateinsectprotein（利用食物垃圾制造昆蟲蛋白）”可以解釋“convertfoodwastefromfarmsandfactoriesintoasustainable,organicinsect-basedproteinfeed（將農(nóng)場(chǎng)和工廠的食物垃圾轉(zhuǎn)化為可持續(xù)的有機(jī)昆蟲蛋白質(zhì)飼料）”，因此劃線短語(yǔ)意為“把……轉(zhuǎn)換成……”，即transform（使改變，使轉(zhuǎn)換）。故選A?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Entocycleisafirst-classexampleofhowspacetechnologycanbeappliedtoaddressoneofthemostimportantglobalchallengeswecurrentlyface—howtofeedtheworldwithoutharmingourplanet.（Entocycle是一個(gè)一流的例子，展示了如何應(yīng)用空間技術(shù)來(lái)解決我們目前面臨的最重要的全球挑戰(zhàn)之一：如何在不傷害地球的情況下養(yǎng)活世界。）”可知，SueO’Hare對(duì)Entocycle持支持的態(tài)度。故選C。【11題詳解】標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是根據(jù)第二段的“Inshortthecompanyisusingfoodwastetocreateinsectproteintofeedtheanimalsthatweeat,whilereducingcarbondioxideemissionsanddeforestation.（簡(jiǎn)而言之，該公司正在利用食物垃圾制造昆蟲蛋白來(lái)喂養(yǎng)我們吃的動(dòng)物，同時(shí)減少二氧化碳排放和森林砍伐。）”可知，文章主要講述的是科學(xué)家利用昆蟲將食物垃圾轉(zhuǎn)化為可持續(xù)的動(dòng)物飼料，因此D項(xiàng)（利用昆蟲將食物垃圾轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)物飼料）可以作為標(biāo)題。故選D。DItcameasnosurprisethatbeinginterruptedbyotherpeoplecanhavenegativeeffects,likeloweredproductivity.Butanewstudyshowsanupsidetotheseinterruptionsatwork:increasedfeelingsofbelonging.ResearchersledbyHarshadPuranikattheUniversityofIllinoisatChicagolookedatthiscommonworkplacephenomenonfromtwoaspects.First,interruptionsgetinthewayofcompletingassignmentsandrequireemployeestorepeatedlyswitchattentionbetweentasks.That'swherethenegativeeffectsofinterruptionshappen.However,beyondthetask-basedaspect,thegroupfoundthatbeinginterruptedbyothershasasocialcomponenttoit—socialinteractionwiththeinterrupterthatcanhaveapositiveeffectontheinterruptedemployees."Ifthepastyearofsocialdistancingandseparationhasshownusanything,itisthathumansaresocialbeingswhohaveaninherent(內(nèi)在的)needforinteractingwithothers,"saidPuranik.Buildingonpreviousresearchonworkinterruptions,theresearcherssurveyed111full-timeemployeestwiceadayonceatlunchandonceattheendoftheirworkdayforthreeweeks.Whilethereweredownsidestointerruptionsalwork,likeraisinglevelsofstressandloweringpeople’senergy,therewasanupside,theresearchersfound.Employeesfeltmoreliketheybelonged,whicheventuallyallowedthemtogetmorepleasurefromtheirworkroutines.Thestudyfoundsomethingelseontopofthis.Thesocialaspectofworkinterruptionsalsoweakenedthenegativeimpactthattheswitchingoftasksduringinterruptionshadonemployeesjobsatisfaction.Thismeansthat,intendofthenegativeexperience,beinginterruptedatworkcanbe"anetpositiveforthewell-beingofemployees,"accordingtoPuranik.Therefore,theresearchersurgemanagerstobettermanageratherthancompletelyprohibitworkinterruptions.12.WhydoestheauthormentionPuranik'swordsinParagraph2?A.Tointroduceanewargument. B.Tomakehispointsmorepersuasive.C.Tosummarizethewholeparagraph. D.Toprovidesomeadviceforthereaders.13.Whatdidresearchersfindaboutworkinterruptionsinsocialaspect?A.Theycausedmoreanxiety. B.Theyimprovedwork-lifebalance.C.Theyloweredlaborproductivity. D.Theyledtohigherjobsatisfaction.14.Whoisthetextintendedfor?A.Employers. B.Employees. C.Jobseekers. D.Interviewers.15.What'sthebesttitleofthetext?A.ScientificManagementCounts B.WaysofStayingFocusedatWorkC.InterruptionsatWorkBringPositiveSides D.ReasonsforAvoidingInterruptionsatWork【答案】12.B13.D14.A15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了工作中斷帶來(lái)積極的方面?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“However,beyondthetask-basedaspect,thegroupfoundthatbeinginterruptedbyothershasasocialcomponenttoit—socialinteractionwiththeinterrupterthatcanhaveapositiveeffectontheinterruptedemployees.(然而，除了基于任務(wù)的方面，該小組發(fā)現(xiàn)被他人打斷還有一個(gè)社交成分——與打斷者的社交互動(dòng)可以對(duì)被打斷的員工產(chǎn)生積極的影響)”可推斷，下文的提到Puranik的話是為了使他的觀點(diǎn)更有說(shuō)服力。故選B。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thesocialaspectofworkinterruptionsalsoweakenedthenegativeimpactthattheswitchingoftasksduringinterruptionshadonemployeesjobsatisfaction.(工作中斷的社會(huì)性也削弱了中斷期間任務(wù)切換對(duì)員工工作滿意度的負(fù)面影響)”可知，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)工作中斷在社交方面可以他們導(dǎo)致更高的工作滿意度。故選D?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Therefore,theresearchersurgemanagerstobettermanageratherthancompletelyprohibitworkinterruptions.(因此，研究人員敦促管理者更好地管理工作，而不是完全禁止工作中斷)”可推斷，這篇文章是寫給雇主看的。故選A?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Butanewstudyshowsanupsidetotheseinterruptionsatwork:increasedfeelingsofbelonging.(但一項(xiàng)新的研究顯示了工作中斷的好處：增加了歸屬感)”及全文可知，本文介紹的是工作中斷帶來(lái)積極的方面。所以“InterruptionsatWorkBringPositiveSides(工作上的中斷會(huì)帶來(lái)積極的一面)”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題分，滿分分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。WhatCanWeSeeinaLogo?Weseehundredsoflogosonsigns,vehicles,websites,andevenontheclotheswewear.Alloftheselogosaredesignedtoattractourattention.Theyalsohelpusrememberaproductorserviceconnectedtothatimage.___16___Researchersgave85studentsasimpleassignmenttodrawtheApplelogopurelyfrommemory.Surprisingly,onlyonestudentinthestudycouldaccuratelydrawthelogofrommemory.___17___Researchershavedevelopedatheorythattheythinkmighthelptoexplainthisblindspotinourmemories.Logosaretypicallydesignedtobesimpleandeasytorecognizewithaquickglance.___18___Thisprocessisknownas“attentionalsaturation(注意力飽和).”O(jiān)urbrainsactuallysignalustoignoreinformationwedon’tthinkwewillneedtoremember.Eventhoughthebrainisaccustomedtoignoringunnecessarydetails,itisalsoprogrammedforrecognition.___19___Thisconstantexposureleadstosomethingscientistsrefertoasgist(梗概)memory.Itmeansthatourbrainremembersthebasicideawithoutallofthedetails.Thisgeneralsenseofmemoryhasitsownbenefits.Infact,familiaritywithapopularlogocanevenmakepeoplefeelmorecomfortableaboutpurchasingorusingcertainproducts.Logosareeverywherewelooktoday.Afancydesignorathoughtfulcolorcombinationmaybeagoodstartforalogoconcept,butthereareotherfactorstoconsider.___20___Acleverdesignmaybeinteresting,butmostpeoplewillforgetthedetails—especiallyifourbrainshaveanythingtosayaboutit.A.Thismaybeinspiringtologodesigners.B.Peoplewillknowtheproductbehindthelogo.C.Sowhyisitsodifficultforpeopletorecallthedetailsofimages?D.Yetthefrequentexposuretotheselogoscanactuallymakeourbrainsoverlookthem.E.Whenweseeimagessuchaslogosoverandoveragain,webecomefamiliarwiththem.F.Logodesignersneedtoknowthatpeoplewillonlyrememberwhattheybelieveisworthwhile.G.Howeverrecentlyresearchsupportstheideathatrememberingwhatalogolookslikeisaverydifficulttask.【答案】16.G17.C18.D19.E20.F【解析】【分析】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了人們其實(shí)很難準(zhǔn)確記住商品商標(biāo)這一現(xiàn)象，并分析了原因。【16題詳解】上文中“Alloftheselogosaredesignedtoattractourattention.Theyalsohelpusrememberaproductorserviceconnectedtothatimage.(所有這些商標(biāo)都是為了吸引我們的注意而設(shè)計(jì)的。它們還能幫助我們記住與該形象相關(guān)的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù))”講商標(biāo)設(shè)計(jì)是為了讓我們記住它們和與它們相關(guān)的產(chǎn)品，下文中“Surprisingly,onlyonestudentinthestudycouldaccuratelydrawthelogofrommemory.(令人驚訝的是，在這項(xiàng)研究中只有一個(gè)學(xué)生能夠根據(jù)記憶準(zhǔn)確地畫出這個(gè)商標(biāo))”卻表明人們其實(shí)很難記住商標(biāo)，上下文有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，G項(xiàng)“However,recentlyresearchsupportstheideathatrememberingwhatalogolookslikeisaverydifficulttask.(然而，最近的研究支持了這樣一種觀點(diǎn)：記住商標(biāo)的樣子是一項(xiàng)非常困難的任務(wù))”承上啟下，引出第二段中的研究，句中所說(shuō)的“research”在下文得到具體介紹。故選G項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】下文“Researchershavedevelopedatheorythattheythinkmighthelptoexplainthisblindspotinourmemories.(研究人員發(fā)展出一種理論，他們認(rèn)為可能有助于解釋我們記憶中的這個(gè)盲點(diǎn))”中出現(xiàn)指代thisblindspot，根據(jù)指代關(guān)系可知，上文中應(yīng)明確其指代對(duì)象，C項(xiàng)“Sowhyisitsodifficultforpeopletorecallthedetailsofimages?(那么，為什么人們回憶起圖像的細(xì)節(jié)如此困難呢?)”中所述“很難回憶起圖像的細(xì)節(jié)”即下文的thisblindspot，且下文中的theory也是研究人員對(duì)C項(xiàng)疑問(wèn)的解答。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】下文“Thisprocessisknownas‘a(chǎn)ttentionalsaturation(注意力飽和).’(這個(gè)過(guò)程被稱為‘注意力飽和’)”中提出“注意力飽和”這一概念，再根據(jù)句中指代Thisprocess可推知，設(shè)空句中描述的就是“注意力飽和”這一現(xiàn)象，D項(xiàng)“Yetthefrequentexposuretotheselogoscanactuallymakeourbrainsoverlookthem.(然而，頻繁接觸這些商標(biāo)實(shí)際上會(huì)讓我們的大腦忽略它們)”中所說(shuō)“頻繁接觸這些商標(biāo)會(huì)讓大腦忽略它們”即“注意力飽和”，上下文構(gòu)成邏輯上的指代關(guān)系和語(yǔ)意上的解釋說(shuō)明關(guān)系。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】下文“Thisconstantexposureleadstosomethingscientistsrefertoasgist(梗概)memory.(這持續(xù)的接觸引起科學(xué)家所說(shuō)的‘梗概記憶’)”中出現(xiàn)指代Thisconstantexposure，根據(jù)指代關(guān)系可知，上文中應(yīng)明確其指代對(duì)象，E項(xiàng)“Whenweseeimagessuchaslogosoverandoveragain,webecomefamiliarwiththem.(當(dāng)我們一遍又一遍地看到商標(biāo)之類的圖像時(shí)，我們就會(huì)對(duì)它們變得熟悉起來(lái))”中所述“seeimagessuchaslogosoverandoveragain”即下文的Thisconstantexposure，上下文構(gòu)成指代關(guān)系。故選E項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】上文“Afancydesignorathoughtfulcolorcombinationmaybeagoodstartforalogoconcept,butthereareotherfactorstoconsider.(一個(gè)巧妙的設(shè)計(jì)或一個(gè)深思熟慮的顏色組合可能是一個(gè)良好的商標(biāo)概念的開(kāi)始，但還有其他因素需要考慮)”講商標(biāo)設(shè)計(jì)還需要考慮設(shè)計(jì)本身之外的其它因素，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“Logodesignersneedtoknowthatpeoplewillonlyrememberwhattheybelieveisworthwhile.(商標(biāo)設(shè)計(jì)師需要知道，人們只會(huì)記住他們認(rèn)為有價(jià)值的東西)”明確指出，設(shè)計(jì)師需要考慮到人們只會(huì)記住他們認(rèn)為有價(jià)值的東西這一現(xiàn)實(shí)，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)是對(duì)上文語(yǔ)意的補(bǔ)充，與其構(gòu)成順承關(guān)系。故選F項(xiàng)。第二部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。MybrotherandIweredrivinghometogetherandweweredeepinconversation.Becauseofhis____21____,mybrothertookawrongturn,takingustowardsa____22____andwehadnowaytoturnback.____23____,mybrotherpaidthebridgefeeanddroveon.Hewasclearlyfrustratedbythemistakeandthe____24____wasteof$4.Weeventuallyreachedanexitslipwayand,aswetookit,mybrother____25____abeat-upblackcarparkedbythesideoftheroad.Ayoungguywasstandingnearby____26____someone.Iwasbusytryingtofigureoutwhich____27____wewentnextbutmybrother____28____andaskedtheguyifheneededanyhelp.Andhedid.Hehada(n)____29____tireandneededatooltogetitoff.Mybrothergaveittohim,thenproceededtohelphim_____30_____thetire.Afterwehadfinishedthejobhethankedusagainandagain,pulledout$20andtriedtogiveittous.“No,”mybrothersaid.“Wewerenever_____31_____toevengetonthatbridge.Wetooka_____32_____turn.Butnowweknowwhywedid.Itwastohelpyou.Thankyouforturningourmistakeintoa(n)_____33_____toserve.”WhatIlovedmostwaswatchingmybrotherthroughoutthis_____34_____.Hewasabletoseeachancetohelpeveninanotherwise_____35_____situation,whichcanonlycomefromacalmmindandanopenheart.21.A.happiness B.carelessness C.selfishness D.weakness22.A.bridge B.corner C.track D.house23.A.Nervously B.Immediately C.Unwillingly D.Unfortunately24.A.unusual B.hateful C.hopeless D.needless25.A.repaired B.noticed C.struck D.helped26.A.phoning B.reminding C.greeting D.recalling27.A.restaurant B.gasstation C.hotel D.way28.A.pulledtogether B.pulledaway C.pulledover D.pulledthrough29.A.flat B.empty C.old D.dirty30.A.clean B.change C.fill D.choose31.A.supposed B.forced C.allowed D.required32.A.different B.opposite C.wrong D.distant33.A.wish B.ability C.belief D.opportunity34.A.progress B.arrangement C.process D.mistake35.A.dangerous B.destructive C.expensive D.negative【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.D25.B26.A27.D28.C29.A30.B31.A32.C33.D34.C35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了哥哥由于粗心大意，拐錯(cuò)了彎，導(dǎo)致我們走錯(cuò)了路并必須支付過(guò)橋費(fèi)，在這種情況下，哥哥仍然注意到了路邊需要幫助的人，并幫助對(duì)方換輪胎，感謝對(duì)方給予自己一個(gè)幫助別人的機(jī)會(huì)，哥哥的這種心態(tài)讓我敬佩?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：由于他的粗心大意，我哥哥拐錯(cuò)了彎，把我們帶到了一座橋上，我們沒(méi)有辦法回頭。A.happiness幸福；B.carelessness粗心大意；C.selfishness自私；D.weakness虛弱。根據(jù)上文“MybrotherandIweredrivinghometogetherandweweredeepinconversation.”可知，我哥哥邊開(kāi)車，邊和我聊天，精力不集中，由此可知，由于他的粗心大意，他拐錯(cuò)了彎。故選B項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：由于他的粗心大意，我哥哥拐錯(cuò)了彎，把我們帶到了一座橋上，我們沒(méi)有辦法回頭。A.bridge橋；B.corner角落；C.track軌道；D.house房子。根據(jù)下文“mybrotherpaidthebridgefee”可知，我哥哥付了過(guò)橋費(fèi)，由此可知，我們開(kāi)到了一座橋上。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我哥哥不情愿地付了過(guò)橋費(fèi)，繼續(xù)開(kāi)車。A.Nervously焦慮地；B.Immediately立即；C.Unwillingly不情愿地；D.Unfortunately不幸地。根據(jù)下文“Hewasclearlyfrustratedbythemistake”可知，哥哥對(duì)自己的錯(cuò)誤感到沮喪，由此可知，他是不情愿地付了過(guò)橋費(fèi)，認(rèn)為這個(gè)錢本不必花。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他顯然對(duì)這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤和4美元的不必要的浪費(fèi)感到沮喪。A.unusual不尋常的；B.hateful可惡的；C.hopeless絕望的；D.needless不必要的。根據(jù)上文“mybrothertookawrongturn”可知，哥哥是由于粗心拐錯(cuò)了彎，才導(dǎo)致不得不支付過(guò)橋費(fèi)，由此可知，這是一筆不必要的浪費(fèi)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們最終到達(dá)了一個(gè)出口滑道，在我們往出走的時(shí)候，我哥哥注意到一輛破舊的黑色汽車停在路邊。A.repaired修理；B.noticed注意到；C.struck撞擊；D.helped幫助。根據(jù)下文“mybrother_____andaskedtheguyifheneededanyhelp”可知，我哥哥詢問(wèn)車主是否需要幫助，由此可知，他注意到了那輛黑色汽車。故選B項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一個(gè)年輕人站在附近給某人打電話。A.phoning打電話；B.reminding提醒；C.greeting打招呼；D.recalling回想起。根據(jù)下文“Hehada(n)_____tireandneededatooltogetitoff.”可知，年輕人的車胎爆了，需要幫助，由此可知，他在給某人打電話，尋求幫助。故選A項(xiàng)。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我正忙著想知道我們下一步該走哪條路，但我哥哥把車停在路邊，問(wèn)那個(gè)男人是否需要幫助。A.restaurant餐館；B.gasstation加油站；C.hotel旅館；D.way道路。根據(jù)上文“mybrothertookawrongturn”可知，由于拐錯(cuò)了彎，我們走錯(cuò)了路，由此可知，我正忙著想知道我們下一步該走哪條路。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：我正忙著想知道我們下一步該走哪條路，但我哥哥把車停在路邊，問(wèn)那個(gè)男人是否需要幫助。A.pulledtogether齊心協(xié)力；B.pulledaway把車開(kāi)走；C.pulledover靠路邊停車；D.pulledthrough度過(guò)難關(guān)。根據(jù)句中“askedtheguyifheneededanyhelp”可知，我哥哥詢問(wèn)車主是否需要幫助，由此可知，他首先要把車停在路邊，才能詢問(wèn)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他車胎癟了，需要一個(gè)工具把它弄下來(lái)。A.flat癟了的，走了氣的；B.empty空的；C.old古老的；D.dirty骯臟的。根據(jù)句中“neededatooltogetitoff”可知，汽車需要換胎，由此可知，車胎癟了，爆胎了。故選A項(xiàng)。【30題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我哥哥把它給了他，然后繼續(xù)幫他換輪胎。A.clean打掃；B.change換；C.fill充滿；D.choose選擇。根據(jù)上文“Hehada(n)_____tireandneededatooltogetitoff.”可知，年輕人的車胎癟了，需要換胎，由此可知，我哥哥幫他換輪胎。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們根本不應(yīng)該上那座橋。A.supposed認(rèn)為，假定；B.forced強(qiáng)迫；C.allowed允許；D.required要求。根據(jù)上文“mybrothertookawrongturn”可知，由于哥哥拐錯(cuò)了彎，我們才開(kāi)上了橋，由此可知，我們本不應(yīng)該上那座橋，“besupposedtodosth.”意為“應(yīng)該做某事”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們拐錯(cuò)了彎。A.different不同的；B.opposite相反的；C.wrong錯(cuò)誤的；D.distant遙遠(yuǎn)的。根據(jù)上文“mybrothertookawrongturn”可知，由于哥哥拐錯(cuò)了彎，我們才開(kāi)上了橋，由此可知，我們拐錯(cuò)了彎。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：感謝你將我們的錯(cuò)誤轉(zhuǎn)化為服務(wù)的機(jī)會(huì)。A.wish愿望；B.ability能力；C.belief信仰；D.opportunity機(jī)會(huì)。根據(jù)上文“Butnowweknowwhywedid.Itwastohelpyou.”可知，由于哥哥拐錯(cuò)了彎，我們才有機(jī)會(huì)偶遇男人并幫助了他，由此可知，男人將我們的錯(cuò)誤轉(zhuǎn)化為服務(wù)的機(jī)會(huì)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我最喜歡的是在整個(gè)過(guò)程中看著我的哥哥。A.progress進(jìn)步；B.arrangement安排；C.process過(guò)程；D.mistake錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)上文“Mybrothergaveittohim,thenproceededtohelphim_____thetire.”可知，哥哥幫助男人換胎并與男人交談，由此可知，我喜歡在整個(gè)過(guò)程中看著哥哥的表現(xiàn)，我很敬佩哥哥。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：即使在其他消極的情況下，他也能看到幫助別人的機(jī)會(huì)，這只能來(lái)自于冷靜的頭腦和開(kāi)放的心態(tài)。A.dangerous危險(xiǎn)的；B.destructive破壞性的；C.expensive昂貴的；D.negative消極的。根據(jù)上文“Hewasclearlyfrustratedbythemistakeandthe_____wasteof$4.”可知，哥哥因?yàn)樽约旱腻e(cuò)誤和4美元的不必要的浪費(fèi)感到沮喪，由此可知，這是一種消極的情況，即使在這種情況下，他也能看到幫助別人的機(jī)會(huì)。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共10小題：每小題分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Consistingofabambooframeanda___36___(beautiful)paintedpapersurface,Chineseoil-paperumbrellashavelongbeenviewedasasymbolofChina’straditionofculturalcraftsmanshipandpocticbeauty.Notjustaretheyaninstrumenttokeepoffrainorsunlight,butalsoworksofart___37___(possess)rickculturalsignificanceandaesthetic(美的)value.Thefirstoil-paperumbrellasappearedduringEasternHanDynasty.Later,they___38___(bring)overseasto