2021年湖南省邵陽(yáng)市霞塘云學(xué)區(qū)永固中學(xué)高三英語(yǔ)測(cè)試題含解析

2021年湖南省邵陽(yáng)市霞塘云學(xué)區(qū)永固中學(xué)高三英語(yǔ)測(cè)試題含解析一、選擇題1.Theengineoftheshipwasoutoforderandthebadweather______thehelplessofthecrewatsea.A.resultedfrom

B.addedto

C.turnedout

D.madeup參考答案：B2.Whattodoisonequestion,andhowtodoitwellisquite______.A.theother

B.another

C.neither

D.others參考答案：B3.—MustIturnoffthegasaftercooking?

—Ofcourse.Youcanneverbe

carefulwiththat.

A.enough

B.too

C.so

D.very參考答案：29.解析：B

考查本題考查在交際用語(yǔ)中對(duì)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的靈活應(yīng)用，這也是近幾年單項(xiàng)填空題的一個(gè)命題趨勢(shì)。本題考查了固定搭配canneverbetoo+adj．的使用，表示“無(wú)論……也不過(guò)分”之意。略4.Onethingisclear,thatwemustworktogethertomakesureourairisfit____.A.tobebreathed

B.tobreathe

C.breathing

D.beingbreathing參考答案：B33.【2012四川卷】Inourclassthereare46students,_____halfwearglasses.A.inwhom

B.inthem

C.ofwhom

D.ofthem參考答案：C略6.It’sbetterforyoutotakesometimetoprepareyourannual(年度的)performance_____carefully,whichwilldecidewhetheryouwillgetapromotionnextyear.

A.revision

B.remark

C.review

D.request參考答案：C略7.AsthenumberofoldpeoplemovingtoFloridaincreases,morechangesaremadeto________them.A.submitto

B.objectto

C.caterto

D.contributeto參考答案：C8.Thenewproductisbeyondallpraiseandhasquicklytakenoverthemarket___itssuperiorquality.

A.intermsof B.byvirtueof C.onbehalfof D.ontopof參考答案：B

9._______interestsmemostisthenaturalbeautyofnature.A.That

B.Which

C.it

D.What參考答案：D10.Seniorofficialsarebannedfromstayinginexpensivehotelswhileonbusiness,accordingtotherules____onSaturday．A．a(chǎn)nnounced

B．a(chǎn)nnouncingC．toannounce

D．havingannounced參考答案：A11.______goodhisEnglishis,hestillhasalongwaytogo.A.Although

B.Evenif

C.Whatever

D.However參考答案：D考查讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，however修飾形容詞good。12.Itiswrongtoregardallsoccerfansas________troublemakers–itisonlyasmallminoritywhoareresponsiblefortheviolence.

A.potential

B.political

C.particular

D.primitive參考答案：A略13.Itdoesn’tmatteriftheywanttocometoyourparty,_______?

A.doesn’tit

B.doesit

C.don’tthey

D.dothey參考答案：B考查反意疑問(wèn)句。反意疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)和主句的主謂語(yǔ)一致。14.______economic，politicalandculturaldifference，ChinaandAmericahavedecidedtocooperateindealingwithglobalissues．（）A．Inspiteof B．InfavourofC．Onaccountof D．Intermsof參考答案：Ainspiteof盡管；infavourof贊同；onaccountof因?yàn)?；intermsof就..而言．聯(lián)系前后語(yǔ)境，根據(jù)ChinaandAmericahavedecidedtocooperateindealingwithglobalissues中美決定合作，而中國(guó)和美國(guó)之間存在著實(shí)際差異，inspiteof（盡管）符合語(yǔ)境．故選A．15.IcalledAlicemanytimesyesterdayevening,butIcouldn’tgetthrough.Herbrother_____onthephoneallthetime!A.hasbeentalking

B.wastalking

C.hastalked

D.talked

參考答案：B16.---Youhavenotlostyourheart,then?---________.Iwilltryagain.A.

Itdepends

B.Bynomeans

C.Don’tmentionit

D.Maybe

參考答案：B略17.---Whathasmadehimsoupset?---_____aloneathome.A.Beleft

B.Beingleft

C.Havingleft

D.Toleft參考答案：B18.Lenovohasbroughtoutanewlaptop________lowcostwillmakeitattractivetostudents.A.which B.where C.whose D.what參考答案：【答案】略19.Thosewhodon’t________studyandlife________willregretforwhathehasdonesoonerorlater.A.take…strictly B.look…carefully C.take…seriously D.look…truly參考答案：C略二、完型填空20.MostteensImeetthesedayslackbasicsocialcourtesywhendealingwithpeople.Myownson,whobasicallygrewupwithhisgrandmother,theoriginal

21

guru,hasperfecttablemanners.Thisispartlybecausehewas

22

tomannersataveryyoungage.However,whenweeatathome,hewouldnot

23

manners.SoIaskedhimwhy.Hesaid,”IbehavethewayIamsupposedto

24

whenI’mout,butwhenIamathomeIwanttobe

25

.”That’swhenIrealizedthatmostparents,myselfincluded,do

26

theirchildrentheproperwaytobehaveoutsidethehome,buttheyarealso

27

tobelievethatathome,anythinggoes.My

28

tohimwas“goodbehaviorhasnothingtodowithwhereyouareorwhomyouarewith”.Thenheanswered,“ButIbehave

29

whenI’mwithotherssothattheythinkbetterofme.”AndthatiswhenIrealizedthatIwasdoingthingsall

30

.Iexplainedtohimthatithadnothingtodowithwhatpeoplethink.This

31

himevenmore.SoIwentontoexplainthatbehavior,whetherinyoureveryday

32

withpeopleoratthediningtableathome,isan

33

ofwhoyouare.Well,attheageof13,hegotit.Sobasically,whatIamsayingisthatteachingyourchildren

34

comeswiththeunderlyinglessonthatitisnotabout

35

todoornottodo,butrather,whotheyare.Thiswayitisnot

36

;itcomesfromwithin.Teachyourteensorchildrenthe

37

courtesyofgreetingtheirfriends’parentsand

38

themselveswhentheygotosomeone’shome.Teachteenageboystoopenthedoorofacar,oranydoor

39

thatmatter,foranygirl,whethertheyaretheirgirlfriendsornot.Thisincludesholdingelevatordoorsorlettingwomenstepoutoftheelevatorfirst.Just

40

thatteenageboyswhopracticegoodmanners’andcourtesygrowuptobecomemenwhorespectpeopleingeneral.21．A.knowledge

B.wisdom

C.manners

D.intelligence22．A.exposed B.limited

C.cared

D.concerned23．A.learn

B.practice

C.remember

D.make24．A.live B.Obey

C.react

D.behave25．A.gentle

B.polite

C.comfortable

D.kind26．A.teach

B.offer

C.guide

D.support27．A.attendedto

B.broughtup

C.caredabout

D.dependedon28．A.answer B.devotion C.apology D.affection29．A.strangely

B.nervously

C.calmly

D.properly30．A.reasonable

B.important

C.wrong

D.necessary31．A.confused

B.encouraged

C.moved

D.pleased32．A.competition B.argument C.struggle D.interaction33．A.impression

B.expression

C.appearance

D.attitude34．A.lessons B.skills

C.manners D.examples35．A.what

B.how C.where

D.why36．A.practical

B.natural

C.gradual D.mechanical37．A.minor

B.formal

C.basic

D.casual38．A.pleasing

B.Introducing

C.enjoying D.amusing39．A.with

B.on C.For D.at40．A.consider

B.confirm C.predict

D.remember參考答案：21.C

22.A

23.B

24.D

25.C

26.A

27.B

28.A

29.D

30.C31.A

32.D

33.B

34.C

35.A

36.D

37.C

38.B

39.C

40.D

文章介紹了現(xiàn)代社會(huì)許多青少年與人相處的時(shí)候缺乏基本的禮儀。作者通過(guò)自己教孩子餐桌禮儀的經(jīng)歷，說(shuō)明了餐桌禮儀的重要性。21.C考查名詞辨析以及對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解。A.knowledge知識(shí)；B.wisdom智慧；C.manners禮貌；D.intelligence智力。我的兒子基本上和奶奶，原來(lái)的權(quán)威一起長(zhǎng)大。根據(jù)后面的hasperfecttablemanners.提示可得出答案選C。22．A考查形容詞辨析以及對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解。A.exposed暴露；B.limited有限；C.cared關(guān)心；D.concerned關(guān)心。beexposedto遭受，暴露于……。這部分因?yàn)樗谀暧讜r(shí)接觸到禮儀。故選A。23．B考查動(dòng)詞辨析以及對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解。A.learn學(xué)習(xí)；B.practice實(shí)踐，練習(xí)；C.remember記?。籇.make使得。然而在家吃飯的時(shí)候，他不會(huì)像往常一樣注意禮儀。故選B。24．D考查動(dòng)詞辨析以及對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解。A.live?。籅.Obey遵守；C.react反應(yīng)；D.behave行為。根據(jù)此句IbehavethewayIamsupposedto4whenI’mout,butwhenIamathomeIwanttobe5.的提示可知用動(dòng)詞behave。當(dāng)我出去的時(shí)候，我會(huì)守我應(yīng)當(dāng)守的規(guī)矩。故選D。25．C考查形容詞辨析以及對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解。A.gentle溫柔的；B.polite禮貌的；C.comfortable舒服的；D.kind善意的。但我在家的時(shí)候，我想要更舒服些。故選C。26．A考查動(dòng)詞辨析以及對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解。A.teach教；B.offer提供；C.guide引導(dǎo)；D.support支持。根據(jù)下文Sobasically,whatIamsayingisthatteachingyourchildren14comeswiththeunderlyinglessonthatitisnotabout15todoornottodo,butrather,whotheyare.的提示可得出答案。就是那時(shí)候，我意識(shí)到，大多數(shù)父母，包括我自己務(wù)必教孩子在外吃飯恰當(dāng)?shù)亩Y儀。故選A。27．B考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析以及對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解。A.attendedto照顧；B.broughtup養(yǎng)育；C.caredabout關(guān)心；D.dependedon依靠。但他們也養(yǎng)成在家做什么事都隨意的習(xí)慣。故選B。28．A考查名詞辨析以及對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解。A.answer回答；B.devotion奉獻(xiàn)；C.apology道歉；D.affection喜愛(ài)。我對(duì)他的回答是，好的習(xí)慣與你在哪兒或你和誰(shuí)在一起無(wú)關(guān)。故選A。29．D考查副詞辨析以及對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解。A.strangely奇怪地；B.nervously緊張地；C.calmly平靜地；D.properly恰當(dāng)?shù)?。但?dāng)我和其他人在一起，我表現(xiàn)得好的話，他們更會(huì)贊揚(yáng)我。故選D。30．C考查形容詞辨析以及對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解。A.reasonable合情合理的；B.important重要的；C.wrong錯(cuò)誤的；D.necessary必要的。那就是當(dāng)我意識(shí)到我所做的都是錯(cuò)誤的。故選C。31．A考查動(dòng)詞辨析以及對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解。A.confused困惑；B.encouraged鼓勵(lì)；C.moved感動(dòng)；D.pleased高興。這使得他感到更加的困惑。根據(jù)下句SoIwentontoexplainthatbehavior可以推測(cè)出答案選A。32．D考查名詞辨析以及對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解。A.competition競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；B.argument爭(zhēng)論；C.struggle斗爭(zhēng)；D.interaction相互影響。這里指日常生活中與別人之間的互相影響。故選D。33．B考查名詞辨析以及對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解。A.impression印象；B.expression表達(dá)；C.appearance外貌；D.attitude態(tài)度。這里指這是你是誰(shuí)的一種表達(dá)。故選B。34．C考查名詞辨析以及對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解。A.lessons課，教訓(xùn)；B.skills技巧；C.manners禮貌；D.examples例子。我所要說(shuō)的是教你的孩子禮儀來(lái)自于潛在的一課。故選C。35．A考查代詞辨析以及對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解。A.what什么；B.how如何；C.where…的地方；D.why…的原因。這里考查名詞性從句，從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系詞what來(lái)引導(dǎo)。它不在于你做什么或不做什么。故選A。36．D考查形容詞辨析以及對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解。A.practical實(shí)用的；B.natural自然的；C.gradual逐漸的；D.mechanical機(jī)械的。這種方式不是來(lái)自機(jī)械的，而是來(lái)自內(nèi)在的。故選D。37．C考查形容詞辨析以及對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解。A.minor小的；B.formal正式的；C.basic基本的；D.casual隨意的。這里指教你的孩子基本的禮儀。故選C。38．B考查動(dòng)詞辨析以及對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解。A.pleasing取悅；B.Introducing介紹；C.enjoying喜歡；D.amusing消遣。introduceoneself自我介紹。當(dāng)他們?nèi)ツ橙说募依锏臅r(shí)候會(huì)自我介紹。故選B。39．C考查介詞辨析以及對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解。A.with用；B.on關(guān)于；C.For為了；D.at在。根據(jù)后句foranygirl,whethertheyaretheirgirlfriendsornot.可知這里用介詞for。為任何重要的（人）開門。故選C。40．D考查名詞辨析以及對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解。A.consider 考慮；B.confirm確認(rèn)；C.predict 預(yù)測(cè)；D.remember記得。要記得十幾歲有禮貌的男孩長(zhǎng)大了就會(huì)成為尊重他人的男人。故選D。21.WhileIwaswaitingtoenteruniversity,Isawinanewspaperateachingjob___21___ataschoolabouttenmilesfromwhereIlived.Beingveryshortof___22___andwantingtodosomething___23___Iapplied(申請(qǐng)),___24___asIdidso,thatwithoutadegreeandwithno___25___ofteachingmychancesofgettingthejobwere___26___.However,threedayslater,aletterarrived,callingmetoCroydonforameetingwiththeheadmaster.Itprovedtobea___27___journey:atraintoCroydonstation,aten-minutebusrideandthenawalkofat___28___aquarterofamile.AsaresultIarrivedthere,feelingtoohottobenervous.Itwasclearlythe___29___himselfthat___30___thedoor.Hewasshortandround."Theschool,"hesaid,"ismadeupofone___31___oftwenty-fourboysbetweensevenandthirteen."Ishouldhavetoteachallthesubjectsexceptart,___32___hetaughthimself.Ishouldhavetodividetheclassinto

___33___groupsandteachtheminturnatthreedifferent___34___,andIwas___35___atthethoughtofteachingmaths—asubjectatwhichIwasn’tvery___36___atschool.Worseperhapswastheideaof___37___toteachthemonSaturdayafternoonbecausemostofmyfriendswouldbe___38___themselvesatthattime.BeforeIhadtimetoaskaboutmysalary,hegotuptohis___39___."Now"hesaid,you’dbettermeetmywife.Sheistheonewhoreally___40___thisschool.21.A.kept

B.lost

C.wanted

D.found22.A.money

B.time

C.students

D.clothes23.A.harmful

B.useful

C.funny

D.secret24.A.expecting

B.whispering

C.fearing

D.considering25.A.material

B.experience

C.means

D.books26.A.nice

B.great

C.slight

D.helpful27.A.difficult

B.pleasant

C.comfortable

D.short28.A.most

B.least

C.last

D.first29.A.teacher

B.door-keeper

C.student

D.headmaster30.A.shut

B.opened

C.repaired

D.kicked31.A.group

B.class

C.dozen

D.score32.A.which

B.that

C.what

D.this33.A.one

B.two

C.three

D.four34.A.classes

B.subjects

C.levels

D.places35.A.excited

B.angry

C.glad

D.disappointed36.A.poor

B.interested

C.weak

D.good37.A.forcing

B.having

C.forgetting

D.managing38.A.watching

B.studying

C.enjoying

D.helping39.A.letter

B.feet

C.hands

D.wife40.A.runs

B.starts

C.observes

D.likes參考答案：21.C

22.A

23.B

24.C

25.B

26.C

27.A

28.B

29.D

30.B

31.B

32.A

33.C

34.C

35.D

36.D

37.B

38.C

39.B

40.A21.C考查動(dòng)詞詞義。當(dāng)作者等待大學(xué)入學(xué)的這段時(shí)間內(nèi)，在當(dāng)?shù)氐膱?bào)紙上看到一則招聘教師的廣告。wanted作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾其前的名詞job。22.A考查上下文意。此時(shí)的我由于非常缺錢（money），并且想做一些有意義的（useful）事，就決定去應(yīng)征了。23.B考查上下文意思。解析同上。24.C考查動(dòng)詞詞義。作者擔(dān)心自己沒(méi)有學(xué)位并且沒(méi)有教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。fear擔(dān)心。25.B考查上下文意思。作者擔(dān)心的是沒(méi)有學(xué)位和教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)（experience）。26.C考查上下文意思。作者沒(méi)有學(xué)位和缺乏教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，這樣獲得這份工作的機(jī)會(huì)會(huì)很渺小。slight少量的，輕微的，此處指自己得到工作的機(jī)會(huì)很小。27.A考查上下文意思。根據(jù)下文作者提到坐火車到克里登車站，再坐10分鐘汽車，然后是至少15分鐘的緊張步行，因此證明這是一次困難的（difficult）行程。28.B考查固定詞組。在乘坐了火車和10分鐘的汽車，然后還有至少15分鐘的步行說(shuō)明作者經(jīng)歷了一次困難的行程。atleast至少。29.D考查上下文。作者通過(guò)對(duì)開門的人的相貌描述，很顯然作者認(rèn)為他就是校長(zhǎng)本人。30.B考查上下文。作者抵達(dá)目的地，顯然認(rèn)為是校長(zhǎng)本人開的門。31.B考查上下文。學(xué)校由一個(gè)有24名7到13歲的男孩的班級(jí)（class）組成。32.A考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。本句為which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為art。除了美術(shù)由他自己教之外，我要教他們此外所有的課程。33.C考查上下文意思。根據(jù)下文提到學(xué)生有三個(gè)不同的水平，首先要把班級(jí)分成3組。34.C考查詞義辨析。作者要把班級(jí)分成三個(gè)組，基于三個(gè)不同的水平（level）輪流教學(xué)。35.D考查上下文和詞義辨析。作者在學(xué)校數(shù)學(xué)就學(xué)的不好，因此很擔(dān)心而顯得沮喪。disappointed失望的，沮喪的，受挫折的。36.D考查上下文意思。作者對(duì)教數(shù)學(xué)感到沮喪，因?yàn)樵趯W(xué)校就學(xué)的不好。37.B考查固定短語(yǔ)。作者認(rèn)為星期六下午還不得不（haveto）教他們板球而感到了更糟糕。38.C考查上下文意思和固定短語(yǔ)。更糟糕的是星期六下午還不得不教孩子們板球，因?yàn)槟莻€(gè)時(shí)間他的朋友們都是在休息享樂(lè)了。enjoyoneself玩的開心，享受快樂(lè)。39.B考查固定短語(yǔ)。getuptoone’sfeet此處是指“站起來(lái)”。40.A考查動(dòng)詞詞義。run管理，經(jīng)營(yíng)。他說(shuō)他的妻子才是學(xué)校的真正管理者?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】完型填空題的解題步驟：

1、通讀全文，了解大意

越過(guò)空擋，通讀全文，理順題意，找出信息詞，建立語(yǔ)言的整體感。這是做好完型填空題的關(guān)鍵。因?yàn)橥晷吞羁疹}的特點(diǎn)是著眼于整體理解。

2、細(xì)讀首尾，推測(cè)意圖

文章的首句是全文的“窗口”，尾句是文章的總結(jié)、結(jié)論或點(diǎn)睛之筆。這樣，通過(guò)閱讀首句和尾句，就可以了解背景知識(shí)，對(duì)于空格位置的詞語(yǔ)進(jìn)行大膽分析和判斷，以便揣測(cè)作者的意圖，理順?biāo)悸?，為后面的答題做好鋪墊。

3、綜合考慮，瞻前顧后

在通讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)全文大意，展開邏輯思維，瞻前顧后，分析這一空格處在句中的地位，前后的關(guān)系和它所起的作用，認(rèn)真觀察選項(xiàng)，仔細(xì)推敲，確定最佳答案。

4、復(fù)讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案

做完題目以后，要立足整體，再次通讀全文，從語(yǔ)法入手，檢查一下句子的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)法、主謂一致、代詞的性、數(shù)、格以及詞語(yǔ)的搭配等是否正確。若有疑問(wèn)，必須根據(jù)文章的中心思想，從意義、語(yǔ)法的角度來(lái)仔細(xì)權(quán)衡，加以改正，彌補(bǔ)疏漏。三、閱讀理解22. Thedayofmyholidayarrived,butIwasn’tlookingforwardtoit.IhadlittlemoneyandhadonlybeenabletoaffordtostaywithmyAuntRosainSpain.So,Iwasn’treallyexcitedasIknewexactlywhatitwasgoingtobelike:lotsofnoisycousins,andAuntRosabeggingmetotakeherforaride. AfterIhadcheckedin,Imademywayslowlytothedeparturegate.AsIwaswaitingtoboardtheplane,Ikeptthinkingaboutmyidealholidaydestination:Jamaica,withitslong,sandybeachesandcrystalclearwater. Assoonastheplanetookoff,Ifellfastasleepandonlywoketothesoundoftheannouncement:“Ladiesandgentlemen,pleasefastenyouseatbelts,aswewillshortlybelandinginKingston.”Ifrozeinmyseat.WasIdreaming?Kingston?Jamaica?Ihadboardedthewrongplane! Immediatelyaftertheplanelanded,Iexplainedthesituationtotheauthorities.ItseemstherewerealsothreeotherpassengersheadingforSpain.Apparentlyithadbeentheairline’sfault,sincetheflightnumbersforSpainandJamaicawereexactlythesame!Therefore,withnoflightbacktoLondonforaweek,theairlinehadnochoicebuttopayforourstay. SothereIwas,lyingonthebeach,enjoyingthemusicandthemarvelousfoodofJamaica!AsforAuntRosa,Isupposeshejusthadtolivewithoutme!46.WhydidthewriterchoosetospendherholidaywithherauntinSpain? A.Shemissedhercousinsverymuch. B.Herauntbeggedhertogothere.C.Shecouldhardlyaffordanybettertrip. D.Spainwasheridealdestination.47.Inthestory,thewriterendedup_________. A.flyingtoLondonimmediately B.headingforSpainfromJamaica C.complainingtotheauthorities D.enjoyingafreebeachholiday48.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage? A.ALuckyMistake B.ATerribleAdventure C.ANiceDream D.AWell-PlannedTrip參考答案：CDA23.Thepurposeofamapistoexpressgraphicallytherelationsofpointsandfeaturesontheearth’ssurfacetoeachother.Thesearedeterminedbydistanceanddirection.Inearlytimesdistancewasoftenexpressedinunitsoftime,forexample“somanyhours’march”or“aday’sjourneybyriver”,butsuchmeasurementsgavemoreinformationabouttheeaseofcrossingthelocalterrainthantheydidaboutactualdistance.Theotherelementisdirection,butfortheordinarytraveller,whosemainconcernwas“WheredoIgofromhere?”and“Howfarawayisit?”,theaccuraterepresentationofdirectionwasnotofprimaryimportance.Partlyforthisreason,writtenitineraries(行程)foralongtimerivaledmaps.Eventoday,certaintypesofmaps,forexample,thoseshowingrailwaysystems,maymakelittleattempttoshowtruedirections.Similarly,obviouslandmarksalongaroutewereatfirstindicatedbysigns,realisticorconventional(慣常的),andvariedinsizetoindicatetheirimportance.Clearlytheconventionsemployedvariedwiththepurposeofthemap,andalsofromplacetoplace,sothatinstudyingearlymapsthefirstessentialistounderstandtheparticularconventionemployed.Thehistoryofcartography(制圖)islargelythatoftheincreaseintheaccuracywithwhichtheseelementsofdistanceanddirectionaredeterminedandinthecomprehensivenessofthemapcontent.Inthisdevelopment,cartographyhascalledinothersciencestoitsaid.Forexample,insteadofdeterminingdirectionbyobservingthepositionofashadowatmidday,orofaconstellation(星座)inthenightsky,orevenofasteadywind,usewasmadeofterrestrialmagnetism(地磁學(xué))throughthemagneticcompass,andinstrumentswereevolvedwhichenabledhorizontalanglestobecalculatedwithgreataccuracy.Theapplicationofastronomicalconcepts,andtheextensionoftheknowledgeoftheworldthroughexploration,encouragedattemptstomaptheknownworld.Thenastronomersdiscoveredthattheearthisnotaperfectsphere,butisflattenedslightlyatthepoles,whichintroducedfurtherrefinementsintothemappingoflargeareas.Meanwhile,thedemandsbeingmadeofthemapmakerwereshiftingsignificantly.Thetravellerorthemerchantceasedtobethesoleuserofmaps.Thesoldier,especiallyaftertheintroductionofartillery,andtheproblemsofrange,fieldoffire,anddeadgroundwhichitraised,demandedanaccuraterepresentationofthesurfacefeatures,inplaceoftheearlierconventionalorpictorialdelineation(描繪),andasolutioninanydegreesatisfactorywasnotreacheduntilthecontour(等高線)wasinvented.63.Whymightearlymapshavebeenmisleading?A.Distancescouldnotbecalculatedreliably.B.Theywerebasedonwrittenitineraries.C.Theyweredrawnbyordinarytravelers.D.Distancestendedtobeoverestimated.64.Whatproblemdidearlymapsexhibitwhenshowinglandmarks?A.Thesignsusedborelittlerelationtothelandmarks.B.Theselectionoflandmarkswasfaulty.C.Theyusedsymbolsthatwerenotstandardized.D.Theysometimesincludedunimportantfeatures.65.Inthesecondparagraph,thewritersaysthat______madebetterqualitymap-makingeasier.A.agreaterunderstandingofclimaticfactorB.greateraccuracyindraughtsmanship(繪圖術(shù))C.moreaccuracyinmeasurementD.moreintensivemapproduction66.Whatencouragedthesearchforamoreprecisemeansofmappingthephysicalgeographyofthelandscape?A.Discoveryinastronomy.

B.Thegrowthofmathema