2022-2023學(xué)年安徽省滁州市定遠縣重點學(xué)校高一（下）月考英語試卷（5月份）（含解析）

第=page11頁，共=sectionpages11頁2022-2023學(xué)年安徽省滁州市定遠縣重點學(xué)校高一（下）月考英語試卷（5月份）一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共37.5分）ARomecanbepriceyfortravelers，whichiswhymanychoosetostayinahostel（旅社）.ThehostelsinRomeofferabedinadormroomforaround﹩25anight，andforthat，you'lloftengettostayinacentrallocationwithsecurityandcomfort.

IfIhadtomakejustonerecommendationforwheretostayinRome，itwouldbeYellowHostel.It'soneofthebest-ratedhostelsinthecity，andforgoodreason.It'saffordable，andit'sgotafunatmospherewithoutbeingtoonoisy.Asanaddedbonus，it'sclosetothemaintrainstation.

Ifyoulovesocialhostels，thisisthebesthostelforyouinRome.HostelAlessandroPalaceisfun.Staffmembersholdplentyofbareventsforguestslikefreeshots，barcrawlsandkaraoke.There'salsoanareaontherooftopforhangingoutwithothertravelersduringthesummer.

Ifyou'relookingforcleanlinessandamodernhostel，looknofurtherthanYouthStation.Itoffersbeautifulfurnishingsandbeds.Thereareplentyofotherbenefits，too：itdoesn'tchargecitytax；ithasbothairconditioningandaheaterfortherooms；italsohasfreeWi-Fiineveryroom.

HotelandHostelDesArtistesislocatedjusta10-minutewalkfromthecentralcitystationandit'sclosetoallofthecity'smainattractions.Thestaffisfriendlyandhelpful，providingyouwithamapofthecitywhenyouarrive，andofferingadviceifyourequiresome.However，youneedtopay2eurosadayforWi-Fi.1.Whatisprobablythemajorconcernoftravelerswhochoosetostayinahostel？______A.Comfort. B.Security. C.Price. D.Location.2.Whichhostelbestsuitspeoplewhoenjoyanactivesociallife？______A.YellowHostel. B.HostelAlessandroPalace.

C.YouthStationHostel. D.HotelandHostelDesArtistes.3.WhatisthedisadvantageofHotelandHostelDesArtistes？______A.Itgetsnoisyatnight. B.Itsstaffistootalkative.

C.ItchargesforWi-Fi. D.It'sinconvenientlylocated.BAboutamonthafterIjoinedFacebook，IgotacallfromLoriGoler，ahighlyregardedseniordirectorofmarketingateBay.Shemadeitclearthiswasabusinesscall."IwanttoapplytoworkwithyouatFacebook，"shesaid."Insteadofrecommendingmyself，Iwanttoaskyou：Whatisyourbiggestproblem，andhowcanIsolveit？"

Myjawhitthefloor.Ihadhiredthousandsofpeopleoverthepreviousdecadeandnoonehadeversaidanythingremotelylikethat.Peopleusuallyfocusonfindingtherightroleforthemselves，withtheimplicationthattheirskillswillhelpthecompany.LoriputFacebook'sneedsfrontandcenter.Itwasakillerapproach.Iresponded，"Recruitingismybiggestproblem.And，yes，youcansolveit."

Lorineverdreamedshewouldworkinrecruiting，butshejumpedin.Sheevenagreedtotradeearningsforacquiringnewskillsinanewfield.Lorididagreatjobrunningrecruitingandwithinmonthswaspromotedtohercurrentjob，leadingPeople@Facebook.

Themostcommonmetaphorforcareersisaladder，butthisconceptnolongerappliestomostworkers.Asof2010，theaverageAmericanhadelevenjobsfromtheagesofeighteentoforty-sixalone.LorioftenquotesPattieSellers，whocameupwithamuchbettermetaphor："Careersareajunglegym，notaladder."

AsLoridescribesit，there'sonlyonewaytogettothetopofaladder，buttherearemanywaystogettothetopofajunglegym.Thejunglegymmodelbenefitseveryone，butespeciallywomenwhomightbestartingcareers，switchingcareers，gettingblockedbyexternalbarriers，orreenteringtheworkforceaftertakingtimeoff.Theabilitytocreateauniquepathwithoccasionaldips，detours（彎路），andevendeadendspresentsgreatviewsofmanypeople，notjustthoseatthetop.Onaladder，mostclimbersarestuckstaringatthebuttofthepersonabove.4.WhydidLorimakethecall？______A.ShehelpedFacebooktosolvethebiggestproblem.

B.ShewantedtomakeabusinessdealwithFacebook.

C.ShetriedtoaskforapayriseinFacebook.

D.ShewantedtobecomeanemployeeinFacebook.5.Whatimpressed"I"byLori？______A.Loriwasgoodatrunningrecruiting.

B.LoriattachedgreatimportancetoFacebook'sneeds.

C.LorijumpedinFacebookwithnoadequateexperience.

D.LoriwasskilledinmarketingateBay.6.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage？______A.Nowallpeopledon'ttendtoclimbtheladder.

B.Noneontheladdercanenjoythegreatviews.

C.Junglegymsofferlimitedexplorationforemployees.

D.Apregnantwoman，jobless，benefitslittlefromthejunglegyms.7.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage？______A.It'saJungleGym，NotaLadder.

B.Facebook'sBiggestProblem.

C.ApplyingforaJobinFacebook.

D.AJungleGymisBetterthanaLadder.CScientistshavediscoveredthatratshaveadaptedtomodernhumanlife，evenadaptingtheirdietstothecitiestheylivein.

Thescientistsclaimthatitcouldbepossiblethathumansandratshavehadsimilarchangesintheirgeneticmake-up，duetomoderncitylife.ThedownsideofthechangesintheDNAisthattheycouldmakeratssusceptibletothesamehealthproblemsashumans，suchaspollutantsandsugaryfoods.

Thestudyshowedthatrats'dietshavealsoadaptedtotheirenvironment.InNewYork，youcanseethemeatbagelsandbeer；inParis，theylikecroissantsandbutter.Theyadaptinamazingways.Thescientistsalsoanalyzedthegenomes（基因組）of29NewYorkratsandcomparedthemwiththoseofninebrownratsfromHeilongjiangProvince，north-eastChina.ThefindingshowedthatdozensofratgeneshadbeenthroughmajorDNAchangesoverthecenturies，astheratsspreadfromAsiatoEuropeandAmerica，andfromthecountrysideandintocities.

Thechangedgeneswereassociatedwithdiet，behavior，andmovement，whichaddedpressuresandchallengesfortherattoovercome.Thiscouldreflectthefactthaturbanratshavetomovethroughhighlyartificialenvironmentsthatareverydifferentfromnaturalhabitats.Sothesegenechangesmighthaveevolvedtohelpthemmovemoreeasilythroughundergroundchannelsandpipes.

Astheratsarecloselyassociatedwithcity-livinghumans，thescientistsbelievethatitispossiblethatsimilarchangeshavehappenedinbothspecies.

InOctober2019，scientistsusedratstosuccessfullytestanenzyme（酶）thatcouldbeusedtohelppeoplequitsmoking.Twogroupsofratsweretrainedtoself-administernicotine，andovertwoweekstheirnicotineintakesincreased，suggestingaddiction.Then，onegroupofratswasgiventheenzyme，whichledtoadecreasednicotineintake.Thescientistssaythattheenzymecouldbedevelopedforhumanuseinthefuture.8.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedphrase"susceptibleto"inparagraph2？______A.Notlikelytobecuredof. B.Beingdisease-resistantto.

C.Verylikelytobeaffectedby. D.Beingthoroughlyexposedto.9.Whatdoestheauthorintendtoshowinthethirdparagraph？______A.Ratsinthecityareparticularabouttheirfood.

B.Ratsindifferentcitieshavedifferentgeneticmake-up.

C.Ratsaredistributedineverycontinentoftheearth.

D.Ratshavebeenadjustingthemselvestotheenvironment.10.Whatisthepurposeoftestinganenzymeonrats？______A.Toexplorerats'survivalability.

B.Tohelppeoplestopsmoking.

C.Tolearnmoreaboutcityrats.

D.Totellapartnicotineandenzyme.11.Whatisthebesttitleofthistext？______A.RatsHaveAdaptedtoModernHumanLife

B.RatsintheCityHaveVarietiesofDiets

C.RatsAreMoreAdaptablethanHumans

D.RatsHavetheSameGeneticMake-uptoHumansDItisquiteapparentthatcompetitionsurroundseveryaspectofhumanlifewhetherintheUnitedStatesortheAmazonrainforest.Withoutitwewouldnothavegrownintoprimates（靈長類動物）.Orwewouldprobablystillbestrugglingtosharpenabronzetoolwhilecrawlingaroundonfourlegsinsearchofmeat.Withoutcompetition,Columbuswouldn'thavediscoveredAmericaandEdisonwouldneverhaveinventedthelightbulb.

Friendship,likeallrelationshipsbetweentwopeople,involvescompetition.Itisn'tcompetitioninatraditionalsensebecausetherearenogoalstobescoredandnoprize.Perhapstheecologicaldefinitionthesimultaneous（同時）demandbytwoormoreorganismsforlimitedenvironmentalresources,suchasnutrients,livingspace,orlightbetterexplainsit.

Asinnature,highschoollifeisgovernedbyasetoflaws,similartoashortenedversionofDarwin'stheoryofevolution,overpopulation,andcompetition.Thereisanabundanceofhighschoolstudentsandtodistinguishthem,rankingandcategorizing（分類）takeplace.Inhighschool,friendshipslearntocoexistwithcompetitioneventhoughattimestherelationshipisrough.Infact,insomecircumstance,competitionistoomuchofaburdenforafriendshiptobear,causingittofallapart.Collegeadmissionisthefinalhighschoolobjective.Fouryearsofhardworkistoachievegoodgrades,andastudent'sfateisdeterminednotonlybytheseachievements,butbytherecordsofthousandsofotherseniorstryingtoachieveasimilarrecognition.

Nevertheless,bynecessity,competitionbetweenstudentsexistsinallaspectsofhighschoollife.Itsetsandimprovesthestandardsineverythingfromsportstoschoolwork.Ahealthy,friendlycompetitioncanhaveonlybenefits,butwhenitbecomestoofierce,jealousy（妒忌）cantearfriendshipsapart.Yet,despiteallthis,withoutcompetition,wewouldbelost.12.Whatdoestheecologicaldefinitionmainlyexplain？______A.Howtowinthecompetition.

B.Howfriendscompetewitheachother.

C.Whatcompetitionexactlyis.

D.Whattheresultofcompetitionis.13.Accordingtothewriter,wecaninferthathighschoolstudentscompeteisbecause______.A.theyknowthelawsofnaturewell.

B.theyaredividedintodifferentgroups.

C.friendshipisaburdenforthem.

D.thenumberofthemistoolarge.14.Whichbestdescribestherelationshipoffriendshipandcompetition？______A.Friendshipisalwaysbasedoncompetition.

B.Thedegreeofcompetitionisvitaltofriendship.

C.Competitionisaresultoflostfriendship.

D.Competitionisterriblyharmfultofriendships.15.Whatdoestheauthorthinkof"competition"？______A.Theresultofcompetitionareoutofcontrol.

B.Competitionbecomesfierceinhighschool.

C.Competitioniscertaintohappenatschool.

D.Friendshipisnotasimportantascompetitionatschool.二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共12.5分）HowtotestbestIt'sbacktoschool,whichmeansit'sbacktotests,whichmightalsomeansit'sbacktobeingmajorlystressedout.（1）______Herearesomesimplewaystopreparethoroughlyfortests.

Schedulestudytime.

Tryingtodoallstudyingthenightbeforeatestmakesitimpossibletomasterallthematerials.（2）______Instead,prepareforatestbyschedulingstudytimeeachdayforseveraldaysbefore.

Useyourtimewisely.

（3）______Also,makesureyouhaveallthesupplies（用具）youneedtostudysoyoudon'tlosefocus.Whilestudying,besuretomakeregularshortbreaks.Getasnack,takeabathroombreakorplayaquickcomputergamewhenitfeelsasifyourbrainisabouttoexplode.

（4）______

Studyingwithaparentorfriendscanhelpyouunderstandthematerialbetterandtolearnfromoneanother.Haveeverypersonorpairtakeapartofthematerial,andcomeupwithquestionstoquizthegroup.Keepthegroupsmall.Haveeveryonetaketurnsasthegroupleader,whowillassignthematerial,andmakesurethatconversationstaysonwhatisbeingstudied.

Don'tforgetlast-minutepreparation.

Haveyoursharpenedpencilsandotherthingsinyourbagreadythenightbeforethetest.It'simportanttogetagoodnight'ssleepandtheneatingahealthybreakfastthenextmorning.（5）______

Also,studyingallthewayupuntiltesttimecanonlycreatemoreanxiety.Stopstudyinganhourbeforehand.

A.Formastudygroup.

B.Staycoolbeforethetest.

C.Itdoesn'thavetobethisway.

D.Thiswillhelpyoustoreimportantinformation.

E.Thisway,bothyourmindandbodyarefullyprepared.

F.Beforestudying,clearyourdesksoyoucanconcentrate.

G.Itwillalsomakeyoutiredandstressedonthedayofthetest.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大題共15小題，共15.0分）OnJanuary15，2016.Iawokeat2：30ambecauseIneededwater.Afterdrinkingsome.IwaswalkingbackupstairsfromthekitchenwhenI(21)thebulldog（牛頭犬）.Rock.WhenImadeittothebottomofthestairs,hewasrunningup.Buthehadnever(22)tothestairsbefore.NowIknowthatwashiswayofinformingmeofthe(23).

WhenIturnedaround,Isawsomelight,butIrememberedIhadn't(24)alighton.Walking(25)toit,Ifounditwasfire.Itbecameabigfiresoon.(26)shoutingtomywifetowakeupandgetourthreekids,Icutouttheplasticthatcoveredthewindowtothe(27).ThenIhurriedlygoteverybodyoutontheroof.We(28)forhelp,buthelpnevercame.

Thefirebecameveryfierce（兇猛的）.Evenworse,Iwasscaredofheightsandhadphysical(29)myrheumatoidarthritis（類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎），butIcouldn'tmind.IjustjumpedandgotinjuredwhenI(30)，butIdidn'tcareaboutit.

Ifoundour(31)，placeditagainstthehouse,andclimbedbackuptotherooftosaveothers.WhenItriedtosaveRock,hejust(32)intheblacksmoke.Ineversawhim(33)again.

I'mnotahero,butRockis,I'mjusta（n）(34)personhelpingmywifeandchildrenwhilehelivedto(35)us.21.

A.heard B.raised C.remembered D.ignored22.

A.lookedup B.comeup C.usedup D.pickedup23.

A.result B.effect C.danger D.injury24.

A.passed B.held C.put D.turned25.

A.late B.happily C.close D.quietly26.

A.Immediately B.Carefully C.Curiously D.Luckily27.

A.floor B.roof C.world D.path28.

A.paid B.applied C.stood D.shouted29.

A.features B.advantages C.backgrounds D.issues30.

A.flew B.landed C.waved D.struggled31.

A.dog B.branch C.ladder D.rope32.

A.wrestled B.jumped C.disappeared D.played33.

A.pleased B.alive C.energetic D.formal34.

A.kind B.significant C.brave D.ordinary35.

A.protect B.greet C.believe D.appreciate四、語法填空（本大題共1小題，共15.0分）36.Chopsticksareshapedpairsofequal-lengthsticksthathavebeenusedinthekitchenandonthetableinalmostallofEastAsiaforover6，000years.First（1）______（use）bytheChinese,chopstickslaterspreadtootherlocations（2）______（include）Japan,Korea,Malaysia,Singapore,ThailandandVietnam.

InancientChina,chopstickssignifiedfarmorethantools（3）______takefoodtothemouth,andtheyalsosignifiedstatusandrules"can"and"can't".DuringtheNorthernSongDynasty,（4）______officialnamedTangSuoncehaddinnerwiththeemperor.Hewasnotwellinformedinnobletablemannersand（5）______（lay）downhischopstickshorizontallyonthetablebeforetheemperordid.Asaresult,hewassenttoafrontierareaasa（6）______（punish）.

Actually,therewereoveradozentaboosconcerningchopsticks.Forexample,theycouldnotbeplaced（7）______（vertical）intoadish,asthiswasawayofmakingsacrificestothedead.Dinerscouldnottap（8）______pushadishwithchopsticks,noruseachopstickasafork.Whentakingfood,theycouldnotlettheirchopsticksgofromonedishtoanotherorcrossover（9）______ofothers.Whendinerswanted（10）______（put）downtheirchopsticksduringameal,theywouldplacethemlengthwaysonachopstickholderorontheplateontheirright-handside.Manyofthesechopsticktaboosarevalidtothisday.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)五、書面表達（本大題共2小題，共40.0分）37.你們班同學(xué)打算周六去爬香山．請給外教Chris寫一封英文信，邀請他參加此次活動．具體內(nèi)容如下：

1．時間：8am-5pm；

2．集合地點：校門口；

3．交通工具：公交車；

4．?dāng)y帶物品：雨具，午餐，相機．

注意：1．詞數(shù)不少于50；

2．可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

3．開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)．

Dear

Chris，

Yours，

Joe．38.Onacoldwindyday,apoorboytriedtopayhiswaythroughschoolbysellinggoodsdoortodoor.Wanderingonthestreet,hewasnotasuccessfulseller.What'sworse,hefoundthatheonlyhadonedime（一角硬幣）left.Hisemptystomachremindedhimconstantlythatfordayshehadn'teatenanything.Hehadnochoicebuttobegforamealatthenexthouse.Hesitantlyheknockedatdoor,thinkingaboutwhattosaywhenitopened.However,helosthisnervewhenalovelyyoungwomanopenedthedoor."WhatcanIdoforyou？"askedtheyoungwoman.Theboypausedforawhile"Wouldyoupleasegivemesome…adrinkofwater？"theboydarenottolookdirectlyintohereyes.Shelookedatthebonyboyandthoughthemightneedsomethingtogivehimenergysoshebroughthimaglassofmilk.Hisheadrisingandsmallhandstakingthecup,hedrankitupslowly,andthenasked,"HowmuchdoIoweyou？""Youdon'towemeanything,"sherepliedwithawarmsmileonherface."Mymotherhastaughtmenevertoacceptpayforakindness."Deeplymoved,hesaidsincerely,"ThenIshallthankyoufromthebottomofmyheart."AsHowardKellyleftthathouse,henotonlyfeltstrongerphysically,butitalsoincreasedhisfaithinGodandthewholehumanrace.Asamatteroffact,hewasabouttogiveupandquitbeforethatpoint.

Yearslatertheyoungwomanbecamecriticallyill.However,thelocaldoctorswereunabletogivetheeffectivemedicaltreatment.Finallytheysenthertoahospitalinthebigcity,wherespecialistscanbecalledintocureherraredisease.Amongthosefamousspecialists,Dr.HowardKellywascalledinfortheconsultation.Whenheheardthenameofthetownshecamefrom,astrangelightfilledhiseyes.Immediately,heroseandwentdownthroughthehospitalhallintoherroom.

注意：

1.所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；

2.續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好。

Paragraph1：

Dressedinhisdoctor'sgown,hewentintoseeher.______

Paragraph2：

Thebillwassenttoherroom.______

答案和解析1~3.【答案】C、B、C【解析】（1）C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Romecanbepriceyfortravelers，whichiswhymanychoosetostayinahostel（旅社）.對旅行者來說，羅馬可能很昂貴，這就是許多人選擇住旅社的原因?？芍?，旅游的人選擇住旅社是因為價格原因。結(jié)合選項：A.Comfort.舒適；B.Security.安全；C.Price.價格；D.Location.位置。故選C。

（2）B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文HostelAlessandroPalace中的Ifyoulovesocialhostels，thisisthebesthostelforyouinRome.HostelAlessandroPalaceisfun.Staffmembersholdplentyofbareventsforguestslikefreeshots，barcrawlsandkaraoke.There'salsoanareaontherooftopforhangingoutwithothertravelersduringthesummer.如果你喜歡社交旅館，這是羅馬最適合你的旅館。旅舍亞歷山德羅宮是有趣的。工作人員為客人舉辦大量的酒吧活動，如免費酒水，酒吧爬和卡拉OK。屋頂上還有一個區(qū)域，夏天可以和其他游客一起出去玩。可知，在這個旅館會有大量的社交活動，因此適合熱衷社交的旅客。故選B。

（3）C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HotelandHostelDesArtistes中的However，youneedtopay2eurosadayforWi-Fi.但是，你需要支付2歐元/天的Wi-Fi費用。可知，這個酒店需要付費才能上網(wǎng)。結(jié)合選項：A.Itgetsnoisyatnight"????晚上會很吵"；B.Itsstaffistootalkative"????它的職員太健談了"；C.ItchargesforWi-Fi"???對Wi-Fi收費"；D.It'sinconvenientlylocated"??它的位置不方便"。故選C。

這是一篇廣告。文章介紹了旅游城市羅馬幾個熱門的酒店，它們有不同的風(fēng)格，供您選擇。

閱讀理解解題步驟：首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意，因為閱讀理解題一般沒有標(biāo)題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過程中，應(yīng)盡可能多地捕獲信息材料；其次細(xì)讀題材，各個擊破，掌握全文的大意之后，細(xì)細(xì)閱讀每篇材料后的問題，弄清每題要求后，帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息，要善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時，要有較強的針對性，對于捕獲到的信息，要做認(rèn)真分析，仔細(xì)推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對題目要求，才能做到穩(wěn)、準(zhǔn)。

4~7.【答案】D、B、A、A【解析】1．D．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章第一段

"I

want

to

apply

to

work

with

you

at

Facebook，"

可知；打電話的目的就是想到Facebook來應(yīng)聘工作；故選D．

2．B．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章第二段

Lori

put

Facebook's

needs

front

and

center．It

was

a

killer

approach．I

responded，可知她和其他應(yīng)聘者不同的是她最關(guān)心的是公司的需要，將公司的需要和發(fā)展放到了首要位置，而不是僅僅關(guān)心自己的前途；故選B．

3．A．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章第四段第一句The

most

common

metaphor

for

careers

is

a

ladder，but

this

concept

no

longer

applies

to

most

workers．可知現(xiàn)在并不是所有的人都傾向于向高職位上爬（出人頭地）；其他三項和文中的內(nèi)容描述不完全相符．故選A．

4．A．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章可知本文強調(diào)的核心話題是不是公司的等級吸引著從業(yè)者，而是公司的發(fā)展需要激勵著從業(yè)者適時地提高自己的技能來應(yīng)對千變?nèi)f化的社會發(fā)展，所以It's

a

Jungle

Gym，Not

a

Ladder．作為文章的標(biāo)題更吻合文章的主題；故選A．

本文是一篇人生感悟類閱讀，文章主要介紹了一個特殊的應(yīng)聘者感動了作者，這個人應(yīng)聘不是直接描述自己的特長和想應(yīng)聘的職位，而是詢問公司的需求是什么，從而引發(fā)了作者更深的思考．

考查學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力，做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進行比較，再做出正確的選擇．在做推理判斷題不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實，要根據(jù)文章事實進行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．

8~11.【答案】C、D、B、A【解析】（1）C．詞義推測題．第二段第一句提到"The

scientists

claim

that

it

could

be

possible

that

humans

and

rats

have

had

similar

changes

in

their

genetic

make-up，due

to

modern

city

life．"（科學(xué)家宣稱人類和老鼠在基因構(gòu)成方面有相似的變化，這是有可能的），再由劃線短語所在句"ThedownsideofthechangesintheDNA"（基因變化的負(fù)面影響），"thesamehealthproblemsashumans（和人類相同的健康問題），由此可推測，劃線短語所在句的意思是'基因變化的負(fù)面影響是，它們可能使老鼠容易受到和人類相同的健康問題的影響"，所以劃線短語的意思是"易受影響"．故選C．

（2）D．推理判斷題．第三段首句提到"

The

study

showed

that

rats'

diets

have

also

adapted

to

their

environment．"（研究表明老鼠已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了它們的環(huán)境"．）接下來舉例："

The

scientists

also

analyzed

the

genomes

（基因組）of

29

New

York

rats

and

compared

them

with

those

of

nine

brown

rats

from

Heilongjiang

Province，north-east

China．The

finding

showed

that

dozens

of

rat

genes

had

been

through

major

DNA

changes

over

the

centuries，as

the

rats

spread

from

Asia

to

Europe

and

America，and

from

the

countryside

and

into

cities．"（紐約和巴黎的老鼠以驚人的方式適應(yīng)著，并提到科學(xué)家把紐約老鼠和黑龍江棕鼠的基因作比較，發(fā)現(xiàn)老鼠基因已經(jīng)發(fā)生變化．）由此可推測，第三段主要是想說明"老鼠已經(jīng)使自己適應(yīng)了環(huán)境"．故選D．

（3）B．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)最后一段最后一句"InOctober2019，scientistsusedratstosuccessfully

testanenzyme（酶）thatcouldbeusedtohelppeoplequitsmoking．"（在2019年10月，科學(xué)家使用老鼠成功地測試了一個可以幫助人們戒煙的酶）可知，科學(xué)家用老鼠測試酶是為了幫助人們戒煙．故選B．

（4）A．標(biāo)題歸納題．第段Scientistshavediscoveredthatratshaveadaptedtomodernhumanlife，evenadaptingtheirdietstothecitiestheylivein．（科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，老鼠已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了現(xiàn)代人類的生活，甚至適應(yīng)了它們所居住的城市的飲食．）是全文的主題句，結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述一項調(diào)查結(jié)果，科學(xué)家宣稱老鼠已經(jīng)通過改變基因構(gòu)成，適應(yīng)了現(xiàn)代的城市生活，所以"老鼠已經(jīng)適應(yīng)人類現(xiàn)代生活"適合作文章標(biāo)題．故選A．

這是一篇說明文．科學(xué)家宣稱老鼠已經(jīng)通過改變基因構(gòu)成，適應(yīng)了現(xiàn)代的城市生活．

閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋．讀者首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點．

12~15.【答案】C、D、B、C【解析】（1）C．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Itisn'tcompetitioninatraditionalsensebecausetherearenogoalstobescoredandnoprize.Perhapstheecologicaldefinitionthesimultaneousdemandbytwoormoreorganismsforlimitedenvironmentalresources,suchasnutrients,livingspace,orlightbetterexplainsit."這不是傳統(tǒng)意義上的競爭，因為沒有進球和獎品。也許生態(tài)學(xué)的定義--兩個或兩個以上的有機體同時需要有限的環(huán)境資源，如營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)、生存空間或光線--更好地解釋了這一點。生態(tài)定義解釋了競爭是什么。故C項正確。

（2）D．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Thereisanabundanceofhighschoolstudentsandtodistinguishthem,rankingandcategorizingtakeplace."有大量的高中生，為了區(qū)分他們，進行排名和分類?？芍斐筛咧猩偁幍脑蚴歉咧猩鷶?shù)量過于龐大，故D項正確。

（3）B．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Ahealthy,friendlycompetitioncanhaveonlybenefits,butwhenitbecomestoofierce,jealousy

cantearfriendshipsapart."友好的競爭能帶來好處，但當(dāng)競爭過于激烈時，妒忌會把友誼撕裂，由此推知競爭的程度對友誼至關(guān)重要，故B項正確。

（4）C．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Nevertheless,bynecessity,competitionbetweenstudentsexistsinallaspectsofhighschoollife."然而，學(xué)生之間的競爭不可避免地存在于高中生活的各個方面?？芍髡哒J(rèn)為學(xué)?？隙ù嬖诟偁?，故C項正確。

本文是一篇說明文，介紹了競爭推動了人類社會的發(fā)展以及如何在競爭和友誼中尋求平衡。

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項選出正確答案。推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。

16~20.【答案】C、G、F、A、E【解析】（1）C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)前句It's

back

to

school,

which

means

it's

back

to

tests,

which

might

also

means

it's

back

to

being

majorly

stressed

out表示"又回到學(xué)校，意味著又回到了考試，也可能意味著又回到了壓力很大的狀態(tài)"；以及后句Here

are

some

simple

ways

to

prepare

thoroughly

for

tests表示"這里有一些簡單的方法來為測試做充分的準(zhǔn)備"，可知表示"不一定要這樣"的選項C可以起到承上啟下的作用，故選C.

（2）G.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)前句Trying

to

do

all

studying

the

night

before

a

test

makes

it

impossible

to

master

all

the

materials表示"試著在考試前一天晚上復(fù)習(xí)所有的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容不可能使你掌握所有的內(nèi)容"，可知表示"它也會讓你在考試當(dāng)天感到疲憊和壓力"的選項G符合前后的語境，it代指Trying

to

do

all

studying

the

night

before

a

test,故選G.

（3）F.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)后句Also,

make

sure

you

have

all

the

supplies（用具）you

need

to

study

so

you

don't

lose

focus表示"同時，確保你有學(xué)習(xí)所需的所有用品，這樣你就不會失去注意力"，可知表示"在學(xué)習(xí)之前，整理一下你的桌子，這樣你就可以集中注意力了"的選項F符合前后的語境，focus和

concentrate是關(guān)聯(lián)詞，故選F.

（4）A.主旨判斷題。根據(jù)后句Studying

with

a

parent

or

friends

can

help

you

understand

the

material

better

and

to

learn

from

one

another表示"與父母或朋友一起學(xué)習(xí)可以幫助你更好地理解材料，并相互學(xué)習(xí)"，以及后文對學(xué)習(xí)小組的介紹，可知表示"組成一個學(xué)習(xí)小組"的選項A符合本段的主題，Studying

with

a

parent

or

friends和a

study

group是關(guān)聯(lián)詞，故選A.

（5）E.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)主題句Don't

forget

last-minute

preparation表示"別忘了最后時刻的準(zhǔn)備"，以及后文對考前準(zhǔn)備工作的介紹，可知表示"這樣，你的身心都做好了充分的準(zhǔn)備"的選項E符合前后的語境，preparation和prepared是關(guān)聯(lián)詞，故選E.

又回到學(xué)校，意味著又回到了考試，也可能意味著又回到了壓力很大的狀態(tài)，本文介紹一些為測試做充分的準(zhǔn)備的簡單方法。

七選五解題策略

1）從意思上判斷在做題時最重要的是要讀懂空白前后的句子，正確理解了這些句子后，根據(jù)意思的連貫性、邏輯性或者線索詞從選項中選取正確答案。在讀懂意思的基礎(chǔ)上，再利用線索特征詞等進一步確認(rèn)答案。

2）從詞匯上鎖定線索做保持對一些線索詞的敏感是非常重要的，要好好關(guān)注空白前后的名詞和動詞，然后在選項中查找它們的近義詞、反義詞、同義詞、同類詞等。其次是一些專有名詞，比如說數(shù)詞、代詞、時間、年代、地點/名稱等。尤其是在讀不懂句子的情況下，利用這樣的線索詞尋找答案是很有效的方法。

3）從關(guān)聯(lián)詞作為切入點，通常，英語的句段之間經(jīng)常會運用關(guān)聯(lián)詞表示過渡和銜接，讓文章的思路與更清楚、邏輯更連貫，因此文章中和選項中表示各種邏輯關(guān)系的路標(biāo)性信號詞在選擇答案時都是很重要的線索。

21~35.【答案】A、B、C、D、C、A、B、D、D、B、C、C、B、D、A【解析】（1）A.考查動詞及語境理解。A.heard聽；B.raised提高；C.remembered記得；D.ignored忽略。句意：我正從廚房往樓上走，突然聽到牛頭犬的叫聲。根據(jù)下文"bulldog（牛頭犬），Rock.When

I

made

it

to

the

bottom

of

the

stairs,he

was

running

up.

"可知，作者突然聽到牛頭犬的叫聲，所以走下樓梯。故選A項。

（2）B.考查動詞短語及語境理解。A.looked

up查找，向上看；B.come

up被提出，走過來；C.used

up用光；D.picked

up買。句意：但它以前從來沒有上過樓梯。根據(jù)上文"he

was

running

up"以及"But"可知，洛克以前從來沒有上過樓梯。故選B項。

（3）C.考查名詞及語境理解。A.result結(jié)果；B.effect影響；C.danger危險；D.injury受傷。句意：現(xiàn)在我知道這是他告訴我危險的方式。根據(jù)后文I

found

it

was

fire發(fā)生了火災(zāi)可知，這是洛克告訴作者危險的方式。故選C項。

（4）D.考查動詞及語境理解。A.passed通過；B.held抓住；C.put放置；D.turned轉(zhuǎn)向。句意：我轉(zhuǎn)過身，我看到了一些光，但我想起來我還沒有開燈。根據(jù)下文"a

light

on"可知，作者想起來還沒有開燈。turn

a

light

on"打開燈"。故選D項。

（5）C.考查副詞及語境理解。A.late晚地；B.happily快樂地；C.close靠近地；D.quietly安靜地。句意：走近它，我發(fā)現(xiàn)是火。根據(jù)"I

found

it

was

fire"可知，走近它才能發(fā)現(xiàn)是火。故選C項。

（6）A.考查副詞及語境理解。A.Immediately立即地；B.Carefully仔細(xì)地；C.Curiously好奇地；D.Luckily幸運地。句意：我立即把我的妻子喊醒，并把我們的三個孩子接過來，我剪掉了覆蓋在屋頂窗戶上的塑料。根據(jù)上文"It

became

a

big

fire

soon."可知，著火了，所以作者立即喊妻子醒來并把三個孩子接過來。故選A項。

（7）B.考查名詞及語境理解。A.floor

地板；B.roof屋頂；C.world世界；D.path小路。句意：我立即喊我的妻子醒來，并把我們的三個孩子接過來，我剪掉了覆蓋在屋頂窗戶上的塑料。根據(jù)下文"on

the

roof"可知，作者剪掉了覆蓋在屋頂窗戶上的塑料。故選B項。

（8）D.考查動詞及語境理解。A.paid支付；B.applied應(yīng)用；C.stood站立；D.shouted喊叫。句意：我們大聲呼救，但沒有人來幫忙。根據(jù)下文"for

help"可知，著大火了很定是大喊呼救。故選D項。

（9）D.考查名詞及語境理解。A.features特點；B.advantages優(yōu)勢；C.backgrounds背景；D.issues問題。句意：精糕的是，我恐高，身體也有問題--我有風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎，但我管不了那么多。根據(jù)下文"my

rheumatoid

arthritis（類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎）"可知，作者身體也有問題。故選D項。

（10）B.考查動詞及語境理解。A.flew飛；B.landed著陸；C.waved揮手；D.struggled掙扎。句意：我跳了下去，落地時受傷了，但我不在乎。根據(jù)上文"Ijust

jumped"以及下文"I

found

our

（11），placed

it

against

the

house,and

climbed

back

up

to

the

roof

to

save

others."可知，作者跳了下去。故選B項。

（11）C.考查名詞及語境理解。A.dog狗；B.branch分支機構(gòu)；C.ladder梯子；D.rope繩。句意：找到了我們的梯子，把它靠在房子上，然后爬回屋頂去救其他人。根據(jù)下文"placed

it

against

the

house,and

climbed

back

up

to

the

roof

to

save

others."可知，作者找到了梯子。故選C項。

（12）C.考查動詞及語境理解。A.wrestled（與某人）摔跤；B.jumped跳躍；C.disappeared消失；D.played玩。句意：我想救洛克的時候，它卻消失在黑煙里了。根據(jù)下文"Inever

saw

him

（13）again."可知，洛克消失在黑煙里。故選C項。

（13）B.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.pleased快樂的；B.alive活著的；C.energetic精力充沛的；D.formal正式的。句意：我再也沒見它活著出來。根據(jù)上文"hejust

（12）in

the

black

smoke."可知，作者再也沒見過他活著出來。故選B項。

（14）D.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.kind善良的；B.significant重要的；C.brave勇敢的；D.ordinary普通的。句意：我不是英雄，但洛克是，我只是一個普通人幫助了我的妻子和孩子逃離了火海，而它卻保護了我們。根據(jù)上文"I'm

not

a

hero,but

Rock

is"可知，作者在將自己和洛克進行對比，說自己只是一個普通人，而洛克是一個英雄。故選D項。

（15）A.考查動詞及語境理解。A.protect保護；B.greet問候；C.believe相信；D.appreciate感激。句意：我不是英雄，但洛克是，我只是一個普通人幫助了我的妻子和孩子逃離了火海，而它卻保護了我們。洛克發(fā)現(xiàn)了火情，通知了作者，使得作者以及家人免于火災(zāi)，所以洛克保護了作者一家人。故選A項。

這是一篇記敘文。短文敘述了一只叫做洛克的狗救了作者一家人的故事。

完形填空考查學(xué)生綜合運用語言的能力。做題時，要先通讀全文，掌握大意，然后結(jié)合選項，仔細(xì)閱讀文章，選擇最適合語境的詞，注意上下文的呼應(yīng)及語境。

36.【答案】【小題1】used【小題2】including【小題3】that【小題4】an【小題5】laid【解析】（1）used.考查過去分詞。句意：筷子最初被中國人使用，后來傳播到日本、韓國、馬來西亞、新加坡、泰國和越南等地。句中動