浙江省91高中聯(lián)盟年高三5月高考考前模擬英語試卷

2023年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英語模擬卷考生須知：1.本試卷考試時間120分鐘，滿分150分：2.答題前，在答題紙上寫上姓名和準(zhǔn)考證號：3.必須在答題紙的對應(yīng)答題位置上答題，寫在其他地方無效。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)聽下面五段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和下一小題。1.Whyisthewomantalkingtotheman?A.Tochecksomeinformation.B.Tohandinawallet.C.Tomeettheownerofthewallet.2.Whatkindofbananasdoesthewomanwant?A.Thegreenones.B.Thepureyellowones.C.Theripeoneswithbrownspots.3.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Professorandassistant.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Managerandsecretary.4.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inabookstore.B.Inalibrary.C.Inaclassroom.5.WhatdoesthemanplantodoonThursday?A.Gotoatalkshow.B.Reviewforhistest.C.Givehisbrotherahand.第二節(jié)聽下面五段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘：聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6至7題6.Whatwillthemanusehislaptopfor?A.Playinggames.B.Takingnotesinclass.C.Searchingforinformation.7.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodofirst?A.Useherlaptop.B.Getapart-timejob.C.Cleanhisroom.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題8.Whodoesthecampespeciallytargetat?A.Childrenwholovetennis.B.Childrenwholoveswimming.C.Childrenwholoveart.9.WhichcampcanMikegoto?A.AdvantageDayCamp.B.AdvantageJuniorCamp.C.AdvantageQuickStartCamp.10.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Neighbors.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Husbandandwife.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題11.WhydoesthewomantalktoJohn?A.Tomakeaninvitation.B.TopassonJenny’smessage.C.Tolearnaboutacafenearby.12.Whatmakesthewomandislikeaboutthecafe?A.Alimitedvarietyoffood.B.Abadexperience.C.Thecrowdedpeople.13Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inanofficebuilding.B.Ataschool.C.Athome.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題14.Whendidthemanwinalocalphotocompetition?A.Attheageofeight.B.Attheageoftwelve.C.Attheageoftwenty.15.Whatwastheweatherlikewhenthephotowastaken?A.Rainy.B.Windy.C.Sunny.16.Whatwasthepictureabout?A.Kidswateringplants.B.Kidsplayinginthewater.C.Kidswalkingalongtheroad.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題17.Wherearegiantottersleastlikelytobeseeninthewild?A.InBrazil.B.InParaguay.C.InArgentina.18.WhatwereRAFworkersdoinginBermejoRiverthatday?A.Takingaboattrip.B.Doingsomeresearch.C.Lookingforgiantotters.19.Whyarescientistsexcitedaboutthediscovery?A.Theenvironmenthasnoeffectongiantotters.B.Therearesuitablehabitatsforgiantotters.C.Giantotterscanberaisedbyhumanbeings.20.Whatisthelocalgovernment’sattitudetowardprotectingtheotters?A.Disapproving.B.Ambiguous.C.Supportive.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題分，滿分分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AParis,best-knownasthecityoflove,isalsothecityofbooklovers!Herearefourliterarylandmarksyoushouldnotmiss.BrasserieLipp151BoulevardSaint-GermainThisbrasseriehaslongbeenapopularbarforcreatives.InitsearlydaysitwaspopularamongactorsfromanearbytheatregroupcalledVieux-Colombier.Later,writerscameindroves.MarcellinCazes,whotookoverownershipin1918,createdtheliteraryprizePrixCazestorewardauthorsnotsuccessfulinliterarycompetitionsbefore.Ithasbeenstagedannuallysinceitbeganin1935.BoquinistesRightBankandLeftBankoftheRiverSeineTheboquinistesareriversidebooksellerswhohavebeenaroundsincethe16thcentury.Thesebooksellersbeganassomewhatlawlessfigures,dislikedbytheauthoritiesastheywereabletogetaroundthecensorship(審查)rules.Inthemid-19thcenturytheyweregrantedlicensestosellbooks,andnowtheyareamajorsightalongtheSeine.TheyfeatureonFrance’slistofintangible(非物質(zhì)的)culturalheritage.PèreLachaise8BoulevarddeMenilmontantWhenitfirstopened,thiscemeterywasnotapopularburialspot.Itwassomewayawayfromthecitycentreandithadnotbeenblessedbythechurch.Inamarketingploy,thecemeteryacquiredtheremainsofsomenotableliteraryfigures.Indecades,thecemeteryhadbecomethefinalrestingplaceofmanywriters,includingBalzacandGertrudeStein.LeProcope13Ruedel’AncienneComédieLeProcopewasopenedin1686bySicilianchefFrancescoandisstillonbusiness.Locatedacrosstheroadfromatheatre,itbecameahotspotforactors,playwrightsandpoets.Voltairewassaidtodrink40cupsofcoffeeadaywhileheworkedatatableatthecafe.1.WhowastheprizePrixCazesintendedfor?A.Notableliteraryfigures. B.ActorsfromVieux-Colombier.C.BooksellersontheSeine. D.Losersinliterarycompetition.2.WhatmakesBoquinistesdistinctive?A.Theirpopularityamongcreatives. B.Aperfectoptionforbookshoppers.C.Beingintangibleculturalheritage. D.Playwrightsandpoets’favour.3.Ofthefourliterarylandmarks,whichcannotbeaconsumptionspotforvisitors?A.BrasserieLipp B.BoquinistesC.PèreLachaise D.LeProcope【答案】1.D2.C3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了巴黎的四大文學(xué)地標(biāo)的歷史和特點?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BrasserieLipp的倒數(shù)第二句“MarcellinCazes,whotookoverownershipin1918,createdtheliteraryprizePrixCazestorewardauthorsnotsuccessfulinliterarycompetitionsbefore.(1918年，馬塞蘭·卡茲接手公司，創(chuàng)立了卡茲文學(xué)獎，以獎勵以前在文學(xué)競賽中未獲成功的作家。)”可知，這項文學(xué)家頒給在文學(xué)競賽中輸了的作家，故選D項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Boquinistes的最后兩句“Inthemid-19thcenturytheyweregrantedlicensestosellbooks,andnowtheyareamajorsightalongtheSeine.TheyfeatureonFrance’slistofintangible(非物質(zhì)的)culturalheritage.(在19世紀(jì)中期，他們獲得了出售書籍的許可，現(xiàn)在他們是塞納河沿岸的主要景點。它們被列入法國非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄。)”可知，Boquinistes成為塞納河沿岸的主要景點，使Boquinistes與眾不的是，它們還屬于法國非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)。故選C項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)BrasserieLipp的第一句“Thisbrasseriehaslongbeenapopularbarforcreatives.(這家小酒館長期以來一直是頗受創(chuàng)意人士歡迎的酒吧。)”可知，此處賣酒，Boquinistes的第一句“Inthemid-19thcenturytheyweregrantedlicensestosellbooks,andnowtheyareamajorsightalongtheSeine.(19世紀(jì)中期，他們獲得了出售書籍的許可，現(xiàn)在他們是塞納河沿岸的主要景點。)”可知，此處是書店，也是景點；LeProcope的最后一句“Voltairewassaidtodrink40cupsofcoffeeadaywhileheworkedatatableatthecafe.(據(jù)說伏爾泰在咖啡館工作時每天要喝40杯咖啡。)”可知，此處有咖啡賣，而PèreLachaise的最后一句“Indecades,thecemeteryhadbecomethefinalrestingplaceofmanywriters,includingBalzacandGertrudeStein.(幾十年來，這座公墓已經(jīng)成為許多作家的最后安息之地，包括巴爾扎克和格特魯?shù)隆に固埂?”可知，此處為墓地，故四大文學(xué)地標(biāo)中，PèreLachaise不能成為游客的消費場所，故選C項。BCarolineTegeretcomesfromasmallvillageintheremoteareaofKenya.Heracademicjourneybeganlikemanyothersthoughfilledwithtremendousdifficulties.ThebiggestchallengesTegerethadtofacewasthefinancialonesinceseekinglawasacareerisexpensive.Comingfromacommunitywheregirlsbarelygetpasthighschooldoesn’tlightentheloadinanywayeither.Upongraduatingin2017,shejoinedKenyaSchoolofLawin2018.Aftercollege,shequalifiedherselfasalawyeroftheHighCourtofKenyaonJuly2.2020.“MydreamtopursueacareerinlawbeganwaybackinhighschoolwhenIdevelopedaninterestinlaw,”shesaid.Whatwasherdrivingforce?ForTegeret,itwasthefactthatintermsofdevelopment,hercommunitywas,andstillis,farbehind.Hercommunityhashighilliteracylevelswhereplentyofgirlshavenoopportunitytoattendschool.Terribleculturalpracticeslikeearlymarriagearestillverycommon,robbingtheyouthoftheopportunitiestobeeducated.Sheknewquiteearlythatforhertobeabletobringchangetothecommunity,sheneededtobeequippedwiththerighttoolsthrougheducationandknowledgeofthelaw.Assheburnedthemidnightoil,studyingpilesofhistorybooksandlawcases,thememoryofherfatherfurtherinspiredher.Herfather’sdeterminationgaveherstrengthandmotivationtopursueherdream.Comingfromahumblebackground,hestoodoutforherasanexampleoflife’spossibilitiesashewasabletosucceedinhisteachingcareer.TegeretwantstoworkwithNGOsandgovernmentagenciestopromotetherightsoftheminority.Herdesiregrowsstrongerwhenshefindsmanypeoplecan’tspeakforthemselves.Shewantstoraisetheirvoiceandmakethemheardbytheauthorities.Herremarkableachievementisasourceofencouragementtomanyyounggirlswhosedreamslooktoobigcomparedtotheirlife’scircumstances.Shewantstoletthemknowthey,too,haverightstochoosetheirintendedlife.4.WhatproblemdidCarolineTegerethaveinpursuingherdream?AHerpoorfinancialcondition. B.Herearlymarriageengagement.C.Theremotelocationofherfamily. D.Highilliteracylevelsofthecommunity.5.WhydidCarolineseektobeeducatedinlaw?A.Topursueherdreamoflawcareer. B.Toliveuptoherfather’sexpectation.C.Toentitleherselfwithlotsofrights. D.Tochangehercommunityforthebetter.6.WhatadjectivescanbestdescribeCaroline?A.Humbleandconsistent. B.Hardworkingandambitious.C.Enterprisingandhumorous. D.Considerateandhelpful.7.Whatcanbethesuitabletitleofthepassage?A.Pursuealawcareer B.BeacommunityreformerC.Meetafemalelawyer D.Struggleforfemalerights【答案】4.A5.D6.B7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇新聞報道。文章介紹了來自肯尼亞偏遠(yuǎn)小村莊的Tegeret在目睹所在社區(qū)中很多女孩沒有機(jī)會上學(xué)，存在早婚等可怕的文化習(xí)俗，剝奪了女孩們受教育的機(jī)會，Tegeret以幫助她的社區(qū)變得更好為動力，克服自身經(jīng)濟(jì)困難，努力研讀法律和歷史，成為律師，通過自身的影響力來激勵女孩們追逐自己的夢想?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“ThebiggestchallengesTegerethadtofacewasthefinancialonesinceseekinglawasacareerisexpensive.Comingfromacommunitywheregirlsbarelygetpasthighschooldoesn’tlightentheloadinanywayeither.(Tegeret面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)是財務(wù)問題，因為從事法律職業(yè)的成本很高。來自一個女孩高中畢業(yè)率都不高的社區(qū)，也絲毫不能減輕其負(fù)擔(dān)。)”可知，從事法律職業(yè)的成本很高，泰格雷特面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)是財務(wù)問題。故選A項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Hercommunityhashighilliteracylevelswhereplentyofgirlshavenoopportunitytoattendschool.Terribleculturalpracticeslikeearlymarriagearestillverycommon,robbingtheyouthoftheopportunitiestobeeducated.Sheknewquiteearlythatforhertobeabletobringchangetothecommunity,sheneededtobeequippedwiththerighttoolsthrougheducationandknowledgeofthelaw.(她所在的社區(qū)文盲率很高，很多女孩沒有機(jī)會上學(xué)。早婚等可怕的文化習(xí)俗仍然非常普遍，剝奪了女孩們受教育的機(jī)會。她很早就知道，要想給社區(qū)帶來改變，她需要通過教育和法律知識來配備合適的工具。)”可知，基于Tegeret所在社區(qū)的情況，Tegeret想通過自身接受法律教育來幫助她的社區(qū)變得更好。故選D項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Assheburnedthemidnightoil,studyingpilesofhistorybooksandlawcases,thememoryofherfatherfurtherinspiredher.(當(dāng)她挑燈夜戰(zhàn)，研究成堆的歷史書籍和法律案例時，對父親的記憶進(jìn)一步激勵了她。)”可知，Tegeret學(xué)習(xí)很努力，根據(jù)第五段“TegeretwantstoworkwithNGOsandgovernmentagenciestopromotetherightsoftheminority.Herdesiregrowsstrongerwhenshefindsmanypeoplecan’tspeakforthemselves.Shewantstoraisetheirvoiceandmakethemheardbytheauthorities.(Tegeret希望與非政府組織和政府機(jī)構(gòu)合作，促進(jìn)少數(shù)民族的權(quán)利。當(dāng)她發(fā)現(xiàn)許多人不能為自己說話時，她的愿望變得更加強烈。她想提高他們的聲音，讓當(dāng)局聽到他們的聲音。)”可知，Tegeret愿意為促進(jìn)少數(shù)民族的權(quán)利而努力，所以是一個有雄心壯志的人，故選B項?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是最后一段“Herremarkableachievementisasourceofencouragementtomanyyounggirlswhosedreamslooktoobigcomparedtotheirlife’scircumstances.Shewantstoletthemknowthey,too,haverightstochoosetheirintendedlife.(她的非凡成就鼓舞了許多年輕女孩，她們的夢想與生活環(huán)境相比顯得過于遠(yuǎn)大。她想讓他們知道，他們也有權(quán)選擇自己想要的生活。)”可知，文章介紹了來自肯尼亞偏遠(yuǎn)小村莊的Tegeret在目睹所在社區(qū)中很多女孩沒有機(jī)會上學(xué)，存在早婚等可怕的文化習(xí)俗，剝奪了女孩們受教育的機(jī)會，Tegeret以幫助她的社區(qū)變得更好為動力，克服自身經(jīng)濟(jì)困難，學(xué)習(xí)法律，成為律師，通過自身的影響力來激勵女孩們追逐自己的夢想，Meetafemalelawyer適合作標(biāo)題，故選C項。CChina’sfertility(生育)rateisonadownwardtrendandtheaveragefamilysizehasbeenshrinkingovertheyears,aseniorofficialsaidonSaturday,callingforcomprehensivemeasurestoencouragemarriageandchildbearing.Datashowsthattherewas2.62peopleperfamilyinChinain2020,downby0.48from2010,accordingtoWangPei’an,deputydirectoroftheChinaFamilyPlanningAssociation.“Currently,theperspectiveonmarriageandstartingafamilyamongyounggenerationsischanging,andthetrendtowardhavingsmallerfamiliesisbecomingmoreobvious,”heremarkedatthethirdChinaPopulationandDevelopmentForumheldinBeijing.Theshifthasresultedindelaysinmarriage,havingchildrenandevenaresistanceofsuchrituals,whichhesaidistheprimaryreasonforChina’sdecliningfertilitylevel.Asurveyshowsthatwomenplannedtohave1.64babiesin2021,downfrom1.76in2017.Forpeopleborninthe1990sand2000s,theiridealnumberofbabieswasonly1.54and1.48respectively.Furthermore,thepercentageofwomenwhohavenochildrenovertheirlifetimeincreasedfrom6.1percentin2015to10percentin2020.“Asurveyshowsthatlessthan70percentofwomenaged35andunderagreethatalifewithchildreniscomplete,”hesaid,addingthatgiventhelowfertilityrateinChina,itwouldbeextremelydifficulttoraisethefertilitywithoutstrengthenedeffortstofosteralongingformarriageandfamily.Wangsuggesteddevotingmoreeffortstothepromotionofgettingmarriedandhavingchildrenatproperagesandsharingfamilyresponsibilitiesbetweenmenandwomen.Healsocalledforadvancingflexibleworkinghours,anddevelopingnurserycareandelderlycareindustries.Headdedthatarangeofpoliciesfromhouseholdregistrationandemploymentrulestomedicalinsuranceandsocialsecurityregulationsshouldbegearedtoward“protectingmarriagesandfamilies.”8.Whyarethenumberslistedinparagraph5?A.Toapplaudwomen’swilltohavebabies.B.Toshowtheinfluenceofdelayedmarriage.C.Topresentdiverseattitudestochildbearing.D.ToreasonforthedeclineofChina’sfertility.9.Whatdoestheword“foster”meaninPara.7?A.polish B.raise C.attain D.tackle10.WhichofthefollowingmayhelpraisethefertilityaccordingtoWang?A.Sharedresponsibilitiesinfamily. B.Shortenedworkinghours.C.Regulatednurserycareindustry. D.Advancedmedicalfacilities.11.Whatisthepurposeofthearticle?A.Toraisetheproblemofbirthratefall. B.Tocorrectpeople’sviewofmarriage.C.Tocallformeasurestoboostfertility. D.Topromotethebenefitsofchildbearing.【答案】8.D9.B10.A11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是新聞報道。文章主要講述中國生育率下降的事實，呼吁采取措施提高生育率?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Asurveyshowsthatwomenplannedtohave1.64babiesin2021,downfrom1.76in2017.Forpeopleborninthe1990sand2000s,theiridealnumberofbabieswasonly1.54and1.48respectively.(一項調(diào)查顯示，女性計劃在2021年生個孩子，低于2017年的個。對于20世紀(jì)90年代和21世紀(jì)初出生的人來說，他們的理想嬰兒數(shù)量分別只有個和個。)”可知，這一段列舉數(shù)字是為了解釋中國生育率下降的原因。故選D?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第七段““Asurveyshowsthatlessthan70percentofwomenaged35andunderagreethatalifewithchildreniscomplete,”hesaid,addingthatgiventhelowfertilityrateinChina,itwouldbeextremelydifficulttoraisethefertilitywithoutstrengthenedeffortstofosteralongingformarriageandfamily.(他說：“一項調(diào)查顯示，35歲及以下的女性中，只有不到70%的人認(rèn)為有孩子的生活是完整的?！彼a充說，鑒于中國的生育率很低，如果不加大力度foster對婚姻和家庭的渴望，就很難提高生育率)”可知，這里建議要提高對婚姻和家庭的渴望，才能提高生育率。所以foster的意思應(yīng)該是“提高”，和選項raise意思一致。故選B?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第八段“Wangsuggesteddevotingmoreeffortstothepromotionofgettingmarriedandhavingchildrenatproperagesandsharingfamilyresponsibilitiesbetweenmenandwomen.(王建議加大力度促進(jìn)適齡結(jié)婚生子和男女分擔(dān)家庭責(zé)任)”可知，男女分擔(dān)家庭責(zé)任有可能幫助提高生育率。故選A?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“China’sfertility(生育)rateisonadownwardtrendandtheaveragefamilysizehasbeenshrinkingovertheyears,aseniorofficialsaidonSaturday,callingforcomprehensivemeasurestoencouragemarriageandchildbearing.(周六，一位高級官員表示，中國的生育率呈下降趨勢，多年來平均家庭規(guī)模一直在縮小。他呼吁采取全面措施鼓勵結(jié)婚和生育)”結(jié)合下文分析生育率下降的原因和提高生育率的措施可知，這篇文章主要是為了呼吁大家采取措施提高生育率。故選C。DThehumanthirstforknowledgeisthedrivingforcebehindoursuccessfuldevelopmentasaspecies.Butcuriositycanalsobedangerous,leadingtosetbacks(挫折)orevendownfalls.Givencuriosity’scomplexity,scientistshavefoundithardtodefine.Whiledeterminingadefinitionhasproventricky,thegeneralconsensusisit’ssomemeansofinformationgathering.Psychologistsalsoagreecuriosityisintrinsically(內(nèi)在地)motivated.Curiositycoverssuchalargesetofbehaviorsthatthereprobablyisn’tanysingle“curiositygene”thatmakeshumanswonderaboutandexploretheirenvironment.Thatsaid,curiositydoeshaveageneticcomponent.Genesandtheenvironmentinteractinmanycomplexwaystoshapeindividualsandguidetheirbehavior,includingtheircuriosity.Regardlessoftheirgeneticmakeup,infantshavetolearnanincredibleamountofinformationinashorttime,andcuriosityisoneofthetoolshumanshavefoundtoaccomplishthathugetask.Hundredsofstudiesshowthatinfantsprefernovelty.It’swhatmotivatesnon-humananimals,humaninfantsandprobablyhumanadultstoexploreandseekoutnewthingsbeforegrowinglessinterestedinthemaftercontinuedexposure.Butcuriosityoftencomeswithacost.Insomesituations,thestakesarelowandfailureisahealthypartofgrowth.Forinstance,manybabiesareperfectlycapablecrawlers,buttheydecidetotrywalkingbecausethere’smoretoseeanddowhentheystandupright.Butthismilestonecomesatasmallcost.Astudyof12-to19-month-oldslearninghowtowalkdocumentedthatthesechildrenfelldownalot.Seventeentimesperhour,tobeexact.Butwalkingisfasterthancrawling,sothismotivatesexpertcrawlerstotransitiontowalking.Sometimes,however,testingoutanewideacanleadtodisaster.Forinstance,theInuitpeopleoftheArcticregionshavecreatedincrediblemodestodealwiththechallengesoflivinginnorthernclimates,butwhatweforgetaboutarethetensofthousandsofpeoplethattriedandfailedtomakeitinthosechallenginglandscapes.12.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutcuriosity?A.Itistoocomplextounderstand. B.Itpusheshumansocietyforward.C.Itisauniquequalityofhuman. D.Italwayscausesfailurestohuman.13.Whatisthegeneralunderstandingofcuriosity?A.Itmotivatespeopletoseekinformation. B.Itiscertaintotransformhumangenes.C.Itdoespeoplemoregoodthanharm. D.Itgroundsallhumanbehaviors.14.Whatdonumerousstudiesshowaboutinfants?A.Genesdeterminepeople’swayofthinking. B.Infantsarefarmorecuriousthanadults.C.Genesaccountforagedifferencesinlearning. D.Infantsprefertogoafterallthatisnovel.15.WhydoestheauthormentiontheInuitpeople?AToprovehowcuriosityhelpedthemsurvive.B.Toshowcuriositymaycomewithahighprice.C.TodescribewhyInuitpeopleneededcuriosity.D.ToshowhowInuitpeopleovercamethechallenges.【答案】12.B13.A14.D15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述好奇心推動了人類社會的進(jìn)步，但探索好奇心的同時也可能付出很大代價?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Thehumanthirstforknowledgeisthedrivingforcebehindoursuccessfulspecies.Butcuriositycanalsobedangerous,leadingtosetbacksorevendownfalls.Givencuriosity’scomplexity,scientistshavefoundithardtodefine.(人類對知識的渴求是我們這個成功物種背后的驅(qū)動力。但好奇心也可能是危險的，它會導(dǎo)致挫折甚至跌倒。鑒于好奇心的復(fù)雜性，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難定義它)”可知，好奇心是人類成功背后的驅(qū)動力，也就是作者認(rèn)為好奇心推動了人類社會的進(jìn)步，故選B?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Whiledeterminingadefinitionhasproventricky,thegeneralconsensusisit’ssomemeansofinformationgathering.(雖然確定一個定義被證明是棘手的，但普遍的共識是它是一種信息收集的方式)”可知，對好奇心的一般理解是它激勵人們?nèi)ふ倚畔?。故選A?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Hundredsofstudiesshowthatinfantsprefernovelty.It’swhatmotivatesnon-humananimals,humaninfantsandprobablyhumanadultstoexploreandseekoutnewthingsbeforegrowinglessinterestedinthemaftercontinuedexposure.(數(shù)百項研究表明，嬰兒喜歡新奇的事物。它激勵著非人類動物、人類嬰兒，甚至可能是人類成年人去探索和尋求新事物，直到在持續(xù)接觸后對它們失去興趣)”可知，嬰兒的好奇心很強，更喜歡新奇的事物。故選D?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Sometimes,however,testingoutanewideacanleadtodisaster.Forinstance,theInuitpeopleoftheArcticregionshavecreatedincrediblemodestodealwiththechallengesoflivinginnorthernclimates,butwhatweforgetaboutarethetensofthousandsofpeoplethattriedandfailedtomakeitinthosechallenginglandscapes.(然而，有時測試一個新想法可能會導(dǎo)致災(zāi)難。例如，北極地區(qū)的因紐特人創(chuàng)造了令人難以置信的模式來應(yīng)對北部氣候的生活挑戰(zhàn)，但我們忘記了成千上萬的人試圖在那些充滿挑戰(zhàn)的環(huán)境中生存，但卻失敗了)”可知，本段說明好奇心可能會導(dǎo)致災(zāi)難，然后舉例說明這一點，所以北極地區(qū)因紐特人的例子說明了人類探索的好奇心也會付出很大的代價。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題分，滿分分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。ChatGPTisapowerfulchatbotdevelopedbyOpenAIandlaunchedinNovember2022.BuiltontopofOpenAI’sGPT-3familyoflargelanguagemodels,itengagesinhuman-likedialoguedirectedbyprompting(提示).____16____ChatGPThasnumerouspotentialuses.Butfromascientificpointofview,thereisaneedtocloselywatchthedevelopmentoftechnologieslikeChatGPTbeforereachingaconclusionabouttheirimpacts.____17____SoweshouldnotfearChatGPTwilltakeuphumans’jobsovernight.ChatGPT’sperformanceisbeingimproved.____18____However,itstillhasalongwaytogotocompletelyimitatethehumanmindandlanguagecompetence.Whenitcomestoprofessionalwriting,ChatGPT’sanswersattimesseemreasonablebutactuallyincorrectormeaningless.Itmightgivesomegoodanswerstogeneralquestions,yetitisnosubstituteforprofessionaladvice.____19____Itisakindofgroundbreakingresearch,butitspotentialriskshavenotbeenthoroughlystudied.Itisstillanewtechnologythatweneedtostudy,butshouldnotover-rate(高評).It’sevenunwisetoblindlycommithugeamountsofmoneytofurtherdevelopChatGPT,becauseitmaynotturnouttobesuccessfulandcreatebubblesinthehigh-techmarket.Chinahasdevelopeditsownlarge-scalelanguagemodels,suchasHuawei’sPanguNLPmodels,Baidu’sERNIE,Tencent’sHUNYUANNLPmodels,andAlibaba’sAliceMind.____20____Chinaneedsmorespecialmodelsinspecificfields,suchasthemodernChineselanguage,ancientChineselanguage,minoritylanguages,anddialects,tobreakthelanguagebarrieramongpeople.A.Technologyprogressesstepbystep.B.ItisimportanttoviewChatGPTobjectively.C.ChatGPTisstillaproductwithverylimitedapplication.D.Itisdesignedtorespondinanatural,understandableway.E.Butthesemodelsneedtofocusmoreondeepertechnologies.F.Ithasmadequitesomeprogressinnaturallanguageprocessing.G.ChatGPTcanaccuratelydecidewhichwordcomesnextinasentence.【答案】16.D17.A18.F19.B20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章介紹了由OpenAI開發(fā)的功能強大的聊天機(jī)器人ChatGPT的優(yōu)勢和缺點，告誡人們要客觀地看待ChatGPT，中國方面也已開發(fā)了多個大規(guī)模語言模型，但這些模型需要更多地關(guān)注更深層次的技術(shù)?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“ChatGPTisapowerfulchatbotdevelopedbyOpenAIandlaunchedinNovember2022.BuiltontopofOpenAI’sGPT-3familyoflargelanguagemodels,itengagesinhuman-likedialoguedirectedbyprompting(提示).(ChatGPT是由OpenAI開發(fā)的功能強大的聊天機(jī)器人，于2022年11月推出。它建立在OpenAI的GPT-3系列大型語言模型之上，它通過提示進(jìn)行類似人類的對話)”可知，ChatGPT通過提示進(jìn)行類似人類的對話，D項“Itisdesignedtorespondinanatural,understandableway.(它被設(shè)計成以一種自然的、可理解的方式回應(yīng))”，與上文的human-likedialogue呼應(yīng)，ChatGPT進(jìn)行類似人類的對話是建立在提示的基礎(chǔ)上，所以互動中ChatGP的回應(yīng)方式自然、可理解，上下文銜接連貫，故選D項?！?7題詳解】上文“Butfromascientificpointofview,thereisaneedtocloselywatchthedevelopmentoftechnologieslikeChatGPTbeforereachingaconclusionabouttheirimpacts.(但是從科學(xué)的角度來看，在得出關(guān)于其影響的結(jié)論之前，有必要密切關(guān)注ChatGPT等技術(shù)的發(fā)展)”提及thedevelopmentoftechnologies，A項“Technologyprogressesstepbystep.(技術(shù)是一步步進(jìn)步的)”與上文呼應(yīng)，下文“SoweshouldnotfearChatGPTwilltakeuphumans’jobsovernight(因此，我們不應(yīng)該擔(dān)心ChatGPT會在一夜之間取代人類的工作)”，與A項為因果關(guān)系，上下文銜接連貫。故選A項?！?8題詳解】上文“ChatGPT’sperformanceisbeingimproved.(ChatGPT的性能正在得到改進(jìn))”，此段與ChatGPT的性能有關(guān)，F(xiàn)項“Ithasmadequitesomeprogressinnaturallanguageprocessing.(它在自然語言處理方面取得了相當(dāng)大的進(jìn)展)”，其中的naturallanguageprocessing是ChatGPT的性能之一，下文“However,itstillhasalongwaytogotocompletelyimitatethehumanmindandlanguagecompetence.(然而，要完全模仿人類的思維和語言能力，還有很長的路要走)”與F項為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，盡管ChatGPT的自然語言處理方面有進(jìn)展，但還不是很完善，故選F項?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Itisakindofgroundbreakingresearch,butitspotentialriskshavenotbeenthoroughlystudied.(這是一項開創(chuàng)性的研究，但其潛在的風(fēng)險尚未得到充分的研究)”可知，此段話題為ChatGPT的潛在風(fēng)險，B項“ItisimportanttoviewChatGPTobjectively.(客觀地看待ChatGPT是很重要的)”轉(zhuǎn)換話題，上兩段提及ChatGPT的優(yōu)點，B項起到承上啟下的作用，故選B項?！?0題詳解】上文“Chinahasdevelopeditsownlarge-scalelanguagemodels,suchasHuawei’sPanguNLPmodels,Baidu’sERNIE,Tencent’sHUNYUANNLPmodels,andAlibaba’sAliceMind(中國已經(jīng)開發(fā)了自己的大規(guī)模語言模型，如華為的盤古NLP模型、百度的ERNIE、騰訊的渾源NLP模型和阿里巴巴的阿里思維)”列舉中國已有大規(guī)模語言模型，E項“Butthesemodelsneedtofocusmoreondeepertechnologies.(但這些模型需要更多地關(guān)注更深層次的技術(shù))”中的thesemodels指代上文的Huawei’sPanguNLPmodels,Baidu’sERNIE,Tencent’sHUNYUANNLPmodels,andAlibaba’sAliceMind，E項與上文為順接關(guān)系。故選E項。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Itwasadreamborninfire.AndreaPetersonwas5whensheandhermotherweretrappedinaburningbuilding.“Throwthekiddown!”saidthefiremen____21____.LittleAndreajumpedintolifesavingarmsandalsoalifelong____22____:Shewantedtofightfireslikeherrescuersdid.Shetoldthattothefiremenbuttheyjust____23____good-naturedlylikegrown-upsoftendowhenkidstalkabouttheirbig____24____.Youknow,itwasbackinatimewhengirlsweren’tevenallowedto____25____suchgrandgoals.“You’llbeagoodmommy,”thefirementoldher.“You’llbeagoodteacher,maybeyou’llbeanurse,butyoucanneverbea(an)____26____.”Asitoftenhappened,reality____27____herdream.Shewassenttoaflightschool,____28____shemetherhusband,Dennis,whowaslaterdiagnosedwithcancer.Petersonspent31years____29____him.In2007,whenDenniswascomingtotheendofhisstruggle,hewasatpeace_____30_____worriedforPeterson:“Butwhatareyougoingtodo?”“I’llbefine,”shetoldhim.At61,Petersonwentonanambulanceride-along.Shefeltthatlong-agochildhood_____31_____.Sheearnedheremergencymedicaltechnician_____32_____andrespondedtofirecallswiththeambulance.HeryearsoftendingtoDennishad_____33_____herfordealingwithvarioushurtsandills.Afterayear,shetoldherbossshewantedtobeafirefighter.Inthefirefightertrainingunit,everyoneelsewasbetween18and21,butitdidn’t_____34_____Peterson.Shepassedthewrittentest,clearedthephysicaland,_____35_____,thatlittlegirl’sdreamcametrue.21.A.above B.beside C.around D.below22.A.expectation B.ambition C.destination D.inspiration23.A.laughed B.supported C.criticized D.neglected24.A.attempts B.purposes C.dreams D.arrangements25.A.figure B.anticipate C.guess D.imagine26.A.rescuer B.astronaut C.fireman D.sportsman27.A.failed B.achieved C.followed D.realized28.A.what B.where C.when D.why29.A.copingwith B.relyingon C.caringfor D.facingto30.A.therefore B.still C.otherwise D.yet31.A.feeling B.saying C.meaning D.calling32.A.passport B.allowance C.license D.reputation33.A.prepared B.supplied C.excused D.applauded34.A.disappoint B.discourage C.discriminate D.dismiss35.A.definitely B.gradually C.eventually D.constantly【答案】21.D22.B23.A24.C25.D26.C27.A28.B29.C30.D31.D32.C33.A34.B35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是夾敘夾議文。文章主要講述安德里亞﹒彼得森小時候經(jīng)歷了一次大火之后就勵志要做一名消防員，但是在她那個年代，女孩子甚至都不允許想象如此宏偉的目標(biāo)。但是，在她62歲的時候仍然努力完成了這個夢想?！?1題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：下面的消防員說：“把孩子扔下來！”A.above在上方；B.beside在旁邊；C.around在周圍；D.below在下面。根據(jù)上文“Throwthekidd