2022-2023學年湖南省邵陽重點中學高一（下）期末英語試卷（含解析）

第=page11頁，共=sectionpages11頁2022-2023學年湖南省邵陽重點中學高一（下）期末英語試卷一、閱讀理解（本大題共14小題，共37.5分）AAt12.139feetabovesealevel，Potalaisthehighestpalaceintheworld.The1，300-year-oldpalacewasoriginallybuiltbyTibetankingSongtsenGamboforPrincessWenchengoftheChineseTangDynasty.EventuallyitwasexpandedandchangedintothehousefortheDalaiLama.Since1959.ithasbeenturnedintoamuseumofBuddhism.In1994，PotalaPalacewasnamedaWorldHeritagebyUNESCO.

Thebuildingisdividedintotwoparts--theRedPalaceandtheWhitePalace.Theyarereallycoloredredandwhite.Afreshcoatofpaintmadeupofmilk，honey，andsugarisappliedeveryautumn.

TheneighboringJokhangTempleandNorbulingkaTemplewererebuiltin2000and2001.TheJokhangTempleisconsideredthemostsacredtempleinTibetandthousandsofBuddhism（佛教）believerstravelthousandsofmilesbyfootjusttopaytheirrespectstoitallyeararound.Inadditiontothetwotemples，manyothertemples，includingtheRamocheTempleandPalkhorTemple，aresymbolsofTibetanculture.

HOWTOVISIT

AllforeignvisitorsmustvisitthePotalaPalacewithatourgroup.GroupsareallowedanhourinsidethepalaceandphotosarenotpermittedWhilethepalaceanditsnearbytemplesareverypopulartouristattractions，manyoftheguestsareTibetanpeoplewhocometopray.

WHENTOVISIT

Asoneofthehighestcitesintheworld，Lhasacangetquitecoldduringthewinter.Sumeristhebesttimetovisit.JunetoAugustisthebusiesttouristseason.

.（1）WhatwasPotalafistbuiltfor？______

A.AmuseumofBuddhism.

B.homefortheDaiLama.

C.AburyingplaceforSongtsenGambo.

D.ApalaceforPrincessWencheng.1.WhichisconsideredthemostreligiouslyimporttempleinTibet？______A.TheJokhangTemple. B.ThePalkhorTemple.

C.TheNorbulingkaTemple D.TheRamocheTemple.2.WhatisthebestseasontovisitLhasa？______A.Spring. B.Summer. C.Autumn. D.Winter.BFromMozarttoMetallica,tonsofpeopleenjoylisteningtovarioustypesofmusicwhiletheypaint,write,ordraw.Mostbelievethatmusichelpsincreasecreativity,butaninternationalstudyconductedbyEnglishandSwedishresearchersischallengingthatview.ThestudyresultswereechoedbyscientistsfromLancasterUniversity,andtheUniversityofGavle,sayingtheirfindingsshowmusicactuallyweakenscreativity.

Toreachtheirconclusions,researchershadvolunteerscompleteverbalproblemsdesignedtoinspirecreativitywhilesittinginaquietroom,andthenagainwhilemusicplayedinthebackground.Theyfoundthatbackgroundmusicsignificantlyweakenedthevolunteers'abilitytocompletetasksconnectedwithverbalcreativity.Theteamalsotestedbackgroundnoiseslikethosecommonlyheardinalibrary,butfoundthatsuchnoiseshadnoinfluenceonsubjects'creativity.

Thetasksweresimplewordgames.Forexample,volunteersweregiventhreewords,suchasdress,rise,andflower.Then,theywereaskedtofindasinglewordconnectedwithallthreethatcouldbecombinedtoformacommonphraseorword.Thesingleword,inthiscase,wouldbe"sun"（sundress,sunrise,sunflower）.Volunteerscompletedthetasksineitheraquietroom,orwhilelisteningtotwodifferenttypesofmusic：rockmusicorlightmusic.

"Wefoundstrongevidenceofweakenedperformancewhenplayingbackgroundmusicincomparisontoquietbackgroundconditions,"saysco-authorD.NeilMcLatchieofLancasterUniversity.Heandhiscolleaguesfindthatmusicnegativelyinfluencestheverbalworkingmemoryprocessesofthebrain,preventingcreativity.Also,asfarasthelibrarybackgroundnoiseshavingseeminglynoeffect,thestudy'sauthorsbelievethatwasthecasebecauselibrarynoisescreatea"regularstate"environmentthatdoesn'taffectconcentration.

"Toconclude,thefindingsherechallengethepopularviewthatmusicincreasescreativity,andinsteadshowthatmusic,whatevertypeitis,isalwaysadisadvantageforcreativeperformanceinproblemsolving,"thestudyreads.3.TheunderlinedwordinParagraph1canbereplacedby______.A.challenged B.accepted C.doubted D.heard4.Whatwerethevolunteersaskedtodointhestudy？______A.Toplaymusic. B.Tocombinegivenwords.

C.Tocreatenewwords. D.Toconnectwordswithmusic.5.Whatcanweinferfromthestudy？______A.Quietbackgroundinspirescreativitybest.

B.Librarynoisedoesnoharmtocreativity.

C.Musichasabadeffectonlanguageability.

D.Musictypesmatterincreativeperformance.6.Whichisthemainideaofthepassage？______A.QuietEnvironmentsPreventConcentration.

B.BackgroundNoiseAffectsConcentration.

C.ComposingMusicWeakensCreativity.

D.ListeningtoMusicReducesCreativity.CIthaslongbeenbelievedthatthesmartphonesinourpocketsareactuallymakingusduller；butnowthereisevidenceforit.

ResearchersattheUniversityofTexasdiscoveredthatpeopleareworseatconductingtasksandrememberinginformationiftheyhaveasmartphonewithineyeshot.Intwoexperimentstheyfoundphonessittingonadeskoreveninapocketorhandbagwoulddistractusersandleadtoworsetestscoresevenwhenitwassetupnottodisturbtestsubjects.Theeffectwasmeasurableevenwhenthephoneswereswitchedoff,andwasworseforthosewhoweremoredependentontheirmobiles.

Theresearcherstested520universitystudentsontheirmemoryandintelligencewheninthepresenceofasmartphonetoseehowitaffectedthem.Participantsweretoldtocompletetestsinmathematics,memoryandreasoningwiththeirsmartphoneseitherontheirdesk,intheirbagorpockets,orinanotherroom.Thosewhohadtheirphonesonthedeskrecordeda10percentlowerscorethanthosewholefttheminadifferentroomonoperationaltasks,whichmeasuresworkingmemoryandfocus.Thosewhokepttheirphonesfurtheroutofsightintheirpocketsortheirbagsscoredonlyslightlybetterthanwhenphoneswereplacedondesks.

Theresearchersfoundthatthenegativeeffectofhavingaphonewithineyeshotwasmuchgreateramongthosewhosaidtheyweredependentontheirsmartphones.Participantswhohadexpressedsympathywithphrasessuchas"Iwouldhavetroublegettingthroughanormaldaywithoutmycellphone"and"usingmycellphonemakesmefeelhappy"performedaswellasotherswhentheirphonewasinadifferentroom,butworsewhenitwasplacedontheirdesk.

Theresearcherssaidtheeffectarisesbecausepartofasmartphoneusers'mindisdevotedtotryingnottothinkaboutdistractionssuchaswhethertheyhaveanymessageswhenthesmartphoneisintheirsight.7.Forthepeoplewhoscoredthelowest,wheredidtheyputtheircellphone？______A.Onthedesk B.Intheirbags.

C.Intheirpockets. D.Inadifferentroom.8.Whichofthefollowingwilltheresearchersmostprobablyagreewith？______A.Peopleshouldn'thaveasmartphone.

B.Phoneswouldn'tdistractuserswhenswitchedoff.

C.Thosedependingonmobilesaremorelikelytobedistracted

D.Theirresearchhascompletelychangedpeople'sviewonsmartphones.9.Accordingtothestudy,whydidcellphonesaffecttheparticipants？______A.Usingcellphonesmadethemfeelhappy.

B.Theyfocusedontryingtoignoredistractions.

C.Theyspentmuchtimeonthereceivedmessages.

D.Theycouldn'tgetthroughadaywithoutcellphones.10.Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom？______A.Bookreview. B.ASciencefiction.

C.Cellphoneadvertisement. D.Anewsreport.D"Wearerunningoutofspaceandtheonlyplacestogotoareotherworlds...Spreadingoutmaybetheonlythingthatsavesusfromourselves.IamconvincedthathumansneedtoleaveEarth."ThesearethewordsofthefamousscientistStephenHawking,spokenatasciencefestivalinNorwayin2017，ayearbeforehisdeath.

Hawkingwasnotaloneinthisview.Manyexpertsfeelthattheonlywayforhumanitytolastfarintothefutureistocolonizeotherplanets.Thatway,ifanasteroid,aterribledisease,nuclearwar,orsomeotherdisasterstrikesEarth,civilizationasweknowitwouldstillhaveachance.Marsisoneofthemosttemptingdestinations.NASA，theUnitedArabEmirates,theprivatecompanySpaceX，andtheorganizationMarsOneallhaveplanstosendhumansthere."EitherwespreadEarthtootherplanets,orweriskgoingextinct,"SpaceXfounderElonMusksaidataconferencein2013.

ButnoteveryoneagreesthatcolonizingMarsoranyotherplanetissuchagreatplan.Themostcommonargumentagainstgoingisthatit'sjusttooexpensiveordangerous.Itwilltakehugeamountsofmoneyandotherresourcesjusttogetpeoplethere,letalonesetupaplaceforthemtolive.It'snotevenclearifhumanscouldsurviveonMars.Oneofthebiggestdangersthereisdeadlyradiationthatbombardstheplanet.

MaybeallthetimeandmoneypeoplewouldpourintoaMarsmissionwouldbebetterspentonmoreurgentprojectshereonEarth,likedealingwithpovertyorclimatechange.SomeexpertsarguethathandlingaproblemlikeanasteroidstrikeordiseaseoutbreakwhilestayinghereonEarthwouldbemucheasierandlessexpensivethansurvivingonanewplanet.

Inaddition,movingtoanewplanetcouldharmordestroyanythingthatalreadylivesthere.Marsseemsuninhabited,butitcouldpossiblyhostmicrobiallife.HumanvisitorsmaydestroythislifeorpermanentlychangeordamagetheMartianenvironment.Somefeelthat'stoomuchofarisktotake.

Whatdoyouthink？Shouldhumanscolonizeouterspaceorstayhome？11.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage？______A.Manyexpertsinsistthathumansshouldtaketherisk.

B.Marsisthemostattractivedestinationsforhumanbeings.

C.HawkingfirmlybelievestheonlywaytosavehumansismovingtoMars.

D.Alltheotherexpertsdon'tagreewithHawking'sidea.12.WhydosomeexpertsdisagreewiththeplantocolonizeMars？______A.ItwillcostmuchmoremoneytosettleonMarsthanonEarth.

B.ItistoolongadistancefromtheEarthtotheMars.

C.HumanvisitorswillbringdiseasestoMartianenvironment.

D.Thedeadlyradiationthatbombardstheplanetisthebiggestdanger.13.What'sthewritingpurposeofthepassage？______A.Toraisepeople'sawarenessofprotectingtheenvironment.

B.TopresentdifferentopinionsonwhethertomovetotheMars.

C.Toarousereaders'reflectiononwhethertocolonizeouterspace.

D.Toinspirepeopletodealwiththeenvironmentalproblems.14.Inwhichsectionofamagazineisthepassagemostlikelyfrom？______A.Fiction. B.Currentaffairs.

C.SocialStudies. D.Science.二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共12.5分）GoontheSafestTripWhiletravelling,therearemanysafetymeasuresthatalltravellersshouldtake,evenifthey'reheadingoutanearbymountainforacampingtrip,rentingaseasideAirbnb,orchoosinganyotherdestination.Adviceishighlyneededoneverythingfromwhattopacktohowtoprotectyourself.（1）______

Don'ttaketheunfamiliarroad.Whilepartofthejoyofexploringnatureisseeingnewandbeautifulviews,ifyourroadtripincludesahike,stayonthemarkedpath.Nevergiveintoyourcuriositytohikeoff-trailandinunfamiliarorunmarkedareas."（2）______"WarnedbyDr.VelimirPetkov.

Packclothing.Inthemorning,whenyousetoutonyouradventure,yourtemperaturewilllikelybecomfortable.Asthesunreachesitshighestpoint,you'llstarttosweatinsideyourcar.（3）______That'swhyexpertsrecommendpackingeverythingyouneedtostaycomfortable,includingclothingfordifferenttemperatures.

Makesureyougetenoughsleep.Whilemanypeoplehavedifficultysleeping,plentyrestisnecessarybeforealongcarride."Donotdrivewhileyouarefeelingsleepy.（4）______"Petkovrecommended.Healsonotedthatevenifyougetthebenefitsofseventoeighthoursofsleep,alittlecoffeecanneverhurt.

Protectyourskin.Youmaynotconsiderthesunwhilesittinginthecar.Thesunlightcangorightthroughwindowglassandcauseyoutoburn.（5）______BaharSchmidt,founderofEluxitTravelAgency,recommendsmakingmoreeffortstoprotectyourskinwithsunscreenanddrugsagainstinsects.

A.Youcouldgetlost,injuredorboth.

B.Itisawisechoicetowearstrongshoes.

C.Youwouldneverenjoytheviewswithoutthetips.

D.Ifyoufeellikearest,pulloverandtakeashortbreak.

E.Andatnight,certainareasexperienceasharpdropindegrees.

F.Andmosquitoesarealsodrawnwhenyou'reoutdoorsatnight.

G.Wespokewithtravelexpertsforsafetyguidetogettingontheroad.15.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大題共15小題，共15.0分）Oneofthegreatestthingsaboutgettingoutofthecityisheadingintonatureandreallycommuningwith（與……融為一體）theEarthandwildlife.Butsometimes，the(20)findsitswayintothecity.

AmannamedTomBelllivesinLondon.Whenhewentuptohisrooftoptotakeabreakoneday，herealizedhewasn'talone.Butdon'tworry.His(21)wasofthefuzzy（毛茸茸的）variety.Awildfoxhadmadeitswayuptotheroofjustintimeto(22)thesunset.Itwasgetting(23)andcold，butfortunately，therewasablanketlaidoutandreadyforit!Thetiredfoxjustwantedtohaveasleep.

Tomquickly(24)theeventonlinewiththeworldandreceivedmanylikes.Peoplewereobviously(25)bythetrulyunbotheredfox.(26)theluckyman，thefoxgotuptherethroughthefireescape.AmannamedSteveevenplayeditsomemusictomakesurethefoxhadthe(27)evening!

Infact，Londonishometomanyfoxes，(28)notallofthemarethiscuteandbeautiful.They'vecometobecalledurbanfoxesandtheybegantomakethemselves(29)inLondonbackinthe1930swhenthecity'sgrowthstarted(30)theirnaturalterritory（領地）．AndtheyliveincitiesalloverEngland.Itissupposedthatthere'sapopulationofabout33，000urbanfoxesintotalinthecountry.

OnceTomsharedhis(31)houseguest，othersaroundLondonalsostarted(32)photosoftheirurbanfoxes!Well，it'sprobablysafetosaythatwe'realittleenvious（羨慕的）oftheseluckypersonsandtheirfuzzyvisitors.Itis(33)toseethatpeopleandthewildernesscanlivetogether(34).20.

A.sunlight B.road C.photo D.wilderness21.

A.visitor B.neighbor C.friend D.audience22.

A.overlook B.follow C.catch D.mark23.

A.wet B.quiet C.risky D.dark24.

A.read B.found C.shared D.checked25.

A.encouraged B.attracted C.confused D.supported26.

A.Becauseof B.Accordingto C.Insteadof D.Expectfor27.

A.perfect B.eventful C.stormy D.final28.

A.if B.and C.or D.but29.

A.outofdanger B.aboveaverage C.onthesite D.athome30.

A.enlarging B.entering C.surrounding D.dividing31.

A.imaginary B.trusted C.lifelong D.beloved32.

A.posting B.collecting C.editing D.printing33.

A.amusing B.important C.amazing D.common34.

A.legally B.peacefully C.informally D.confidently四、語法填空（本大題共1小題，共15.0分）35.Toenterandenjoytheworldofdreamsandmagic,weneed(1)（enjoy）andunderstandliterature.Thefirststepistodeterminesomeof(2)（it）significantqualities.

Thefirstqualityofliteratureisits(3)（describe）oftruthandbeauty.Sometruthandbeautyremainunnoticed(4)asensitivehumansoulbringsthemtoourattention.Thesecondqualityofliteratureisitsappeal(5)ourfeelingsandimagination.Itsattractionlies(6)（much）inwhatitawakensinusthan(7)itsays.Thethirdqualityofliteratureisitspermanence.Goodliterature(8)（reflect）themostbasicofhumannatureandalsotakeson(9)personalstyle.

Insummary,literatureistheexpressionoflifeinformsoftruthandbeauty,the(10)（write）recordofman'sthoughtandfeelingsandthehistoryofthehumansoul.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、書面表達（本大題共2小題，共40.0分）36.上周末，你和同學參加了一次校園清理活動。請你以"AClean-upActivity"為題給學校英語報寫一篇新聞報道，介紹這次活動，內(nèi)容包括：1.活動目的；2.活動過程；3.活動意義。

注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3.不能出現(xiàn)真實姓名和學校名稱。

AClean-upActivity

___________________________________(1)(2)(3)37.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一個完整的短文。

Onedaymygrandfathergavemeagift-apiggybank.Ithadanopeningthroughwhichonecouldputmoneyin,buttheopeningwasnotbigenoughtoreachinandgetthemoneyout.Theonlywaytogetatthemoneywastobreakthepiggybankopen.Mygrandfatherexplainedthatwasthewholeidea；thepiggybankwouldhelpsavemymoneysothat,attheendoftheyear,ImighthaveenoughforthatbikeIdreamtabout.HeaskedifIwouldputsomeofthemoneyhegavemeintothepiggybank.IagreedimmediatelyandpromisedthatIwouldn'tbreakitopenuntilIcouldaffordmydreambike.

Wheneverhegavemealittlebitofmoney,hewouldsay,"Thisisforspending.Butyoucansavesomeandputitinthepiggybankifyouwanttosaveitup."Whenhegavemelargeramounts,itwasclearlyforsavinginthepiggybank.Forsometime,thisworkedfine.Ilovedshakingthepiggybankandhearingthesoundofthecoins.Asitbecameheavier,Igrewmoreexcited,dreamingaboutbuyingmynewbike,andalltheadventuresIcouldhaveonit.

WheneverIwantedtotakesomemoneyfromthepiggybanktobuydeliciousice-creamsorbeautifulpens,Iwouldimagineridingmybikeonthestreet,andthinkingofthat,mythoughtsaboutice-creamsorpenswentaway.Soforalmostsixmonths,Ionlyputmoneyintothepiggybankwithouttakinganyout.IthoughtIwouldn'tbreakmypiggybankforanything.Butonedaysomethingunexpectedhappened.Isawapieceofnewsonthetelevisionthataseriousearthquakehadhappenedinanearbyprovince.Asmanyhousesweredestroyed,alotofchildrenbecamehomeless.Seeingtheirshabbyclothesandcryingfaces,Iwassleeplessthatnight.

注意：

1.所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應為150左右；

2.續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好。

Paragraph1：

IknewIshoulddosomething.____________

Paragraph2：

Mygrandfatherwassurprisedbymybehavior.____________

答案和解析1~2.【答案】D、A【解析】（1）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的The1，300-year-oldpalacewasoriginallybuiltbyTibetankingSongtsenGamboforPrincessWenchengoftheChineseTangDynasty.（這座有著1300年歷史的宮殿最初是由西藏國王松贊干布為中國唐朝文成公主建造的。）可知，布達拉宮最初是文成公主的宮殿。故選D。

（2）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的TheJokhangTempleisconsideredthemostsacred（神圣的）templeinTibet...（大昭寺被認為是西藏最神圣的寺廟……）可知，大昭寺被認為是西藏最重要的宗教寺廟。故選A。

（3）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Summeristhebesttimetovisit.（夏天是旅游的最佳時間。）可知，夏天是去拉薩旅游的最佳時期。故選B。

這是一篇應用文，文章主要介紹了著名旅游景點布達拉宮的相關信息。

考查說明文。做題時要通讀全文，把握大意，然后結合題干及選項做出正確的選擇。

3~6.【答案】B、C、B、D【解析】（1）B.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中"Mostbelievethatmusichelpsincreasecreativity,butaninternationalstudyconductedbyEnglishandSwedishresearchersischallengingthatview.（大多數(shù)人認為音樂有助于提高創(chuàng)造力，但一項由英國和瑞典研究人員進行的國際研究對這一觀點提出了質疑。）"以及劃線詞后文"sayingtheirfindingsshowmusicactuallyweakenscreativity（說他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)表明音樂實際上削弱了創(chuàng)造力。）"可知，這項研究結果得到了蘭開斯特大學和耶夫勒大學的科學家們的接受，他們表示，音樂實際上會削弱創(chuàng)造力。故畫線詞意思是"接受"。A.challenged挑戰(zhàn)；B.accepted接受；C.doubted懷疑；D.heard聽見。故選B。

（2）C.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中"Forexample,volunteersweregiventhreewords,suchasdress,rise,andflower.Then,theywereaskedtofindasinglewordconnectedwithallthreethatcouldbecombinedtoformacommonphraseorword.（例如，給志愿者三個詞，如dress,rise,flower。然后，他們被要求找到一個與所有三個詞相連的單詞，可以組合成一個常見的短語或單詞。）"可知，志愿者在研究中被要求創(chuàng)造新詞。故選C。

（3）B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中"Also,asfarasthelibrarybackgroundnoiseshavingseeminglynoeffect,thestudy'sauthorsbelievethatwasthecasebecauselibrarynoisescreatea"regularstate"environmentthatdoesn'taffectconcentration.（此外，就圖書館的背景噪音似乎沒有影響而言，該研究的作者認為，之所以會出現(xiàn)這種情況，是因為圖書館的噪音創(chuàng)造了一種"正常狀態(tài)"的環(huán)境，不會影響注意力。）"可推知，圖書館的噪音對創(chuàng)造力沒有壞處。故選B。

（4）D.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中"Mostbelievethatmusichelpsincreasecreativity,butaninternationalstudyconductedbyEnglishandSwedishresearchersischallengingthatview.ThestudyresultswereechoedbyscientistsfromLancasterUniversity,andtheUniversityofGavle,sayingtheirfindingsshowmusicactuallyweakenscreativity.（大多數(shù)人認為音樂有助于提高創(chuàng)造力，但一項由英國和瑞典研究人員進行的國際研究對這一觀點提出了質疑。這項研究結果得到了蘭開斯特大學和耶夫勒大學的科學家們的響應，他們表示，音樂實際上會削弱創(chuàng)造力。）"結合文章主要介紹了研究開展的過程以及研究表明，無論音樂是什么類型的，它總是不利于解決問題的創(chuàng)造性表現(xiàn)?？芍?，這篇文章的主旨是聽音樂會降低創(chuàng)造力。故選D。

這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了大多數(shù)人認為音樂有助于提高創(chuàng)造力，但一項由英國和瑞典研究人員進行的國際研究對這一觀點提出了挑戰(zhàn)。他們表示，音樂實際上會削弱創(chuàng)造力。文章主要介紹了研究開展的過程以及研究表明，無論音樂是什么類型的，它總是不利于解決問題的創(chuàng)造性表現(xiàn)。

1．直接信息題：

直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項在語言表達上與原文基本一致的題目；

2．間接信息題：

間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語言表達上與原文有差異，做題時需要對原文信息進行轉換；

3．綜合信息題：

綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析，而不能斷章取義。

7~10.【答案】A、C、B、D【解析】（1）A．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Intwoexperimentstheyfoundphonessittingonadeskoreveninapocketorhandbagwouiddistractusersandleadtoworsetestscoresevenwhenitwassetupnottodisturbtestsubjects.????????????????????????????????????（在兩個實驗中，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)手機放在桌子上，甚至放在口袋或手提包里都會分散用戶的注意力，導致測試成績更差，即使設置為不打擾測試對象。）可知，對于得分最低的人來說，他們把手機放在桌子上。故選A。

（2）C．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Thosewhohadtheirphonesonthedeskrecordeda

10

percentlowerscorethanthosewholefttheminadifferentroomonoperationaltasks,whichmeasuresworkingmemoryandfocus.?????????????????????????????（那些把手機放在桌子上的人在操作任務上的得分比把手機放在不同房間的人低10%。操作任務是測量工作記憶力和注意力。）可知，研究人員最有可能同意那些依賴手機的人更容易分心。故選C。

（3）B．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Theresearcherssaidtheeffectarisesbecausepartofasmartphoneusers'

mindisdevotedtotryingnottothinkaboutdistractionssuchaswhethertheyhaveanymessageswhenthesmartphoneisintheirsight.????????????????????????????????????（研究人員表示，之所以會出現(xiàn)這種效果，是因為當智能手機在他們的視線范圍內(nèi)時，智能手機用戶的一部分大腦會努力不去想分心的事情，比如是否有任何信息。）可知，手機會影響參與者是因為他們專注于試圖忽略干擾。故選B。

（4）D．文章出處題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可以推測出，本文主要講述了手機如何使人們分心的研究調(diào)查以及結果分析，應該是來源于新聞報道。故選D。

本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了手機如何使人們分心的研究調(diào)查以及結果分析。

考查科教類閱讀理解。做題時要通讀全文，把握大意，然后結合題干及選項做出正確的選擇。

11~14.【答案】D、A、C、D【解析】（1）D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句"

But

not

everyone

agrees

that

colonizing

Mars

or

any

other

planet

is

such

a

great

plan."（但并不是每個人都同意殖民火星或任何其他星球是如此偉大的計劃。）可推知，并不是所有的專家都同意霍金的想法。故選D.

（2）A.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中"The

most

common

argument

against

going

is

that

it's

just

too

expensive

or

dangerous.It

will

take

huge

amounts

of

money

and

other

resources

just

to

get

people

there,let

alone

set

up

a

place

for

them

to

live."（最常見的反對理由是它太昂貴或太危險了。光是把人們送到那里就需要大量的金錢和其他資源，更不用說為他們建立一個居住的地方了。）可知，一些專家不同意殖民火星的計劃是因為在火星上定居要比在地球上花費更多的錢。故選A.

（3）C.寫作意圖題。根據(jù)第一段"Wearerunningoutofspaceandtheonlyplacestogotoareotherworlds...Spreadingoutmaybetheonlythingthatsavesusfromourselves.IamconvincedthathumansneedtoleaveEarth."ThesearethewordsofthefamousscientistStephenHawking,spokenatasciencefestivalinNorwayin2017，ayearbeforehisdeath.（"我們正在耗盡空間，唯一可以去的地方是其他世界...擴散可能是唯一能把我們從自我中拯救出來的東西。我確信人類必須離開地球。"這是著名科學家斯蒂芬?霍金去世前一年，也就是2017年，他在挪威的一個科學節(jié)上所說的話。）以及最后一段"What

do

you

think？Should

humans

colonize

outer

space

or

stay

home？"（你覺得呢？人類應該殖民外太空還是呆在地球？）結合文章主要介紹了有些專家認為為了人類和人類文明的延續(xù)，人類應該離開地球，移民去其他星球，尤其是去火星。而有些人認為這樣的計劃不僅昂貴而且危險，甚至還會破壞火星生態(tài)?？赏浦@篇文章的寫作目的是引起讀者對是否要殖民外太空的思考。故選C.

（4）D.文章出處題。根據(jù)文章主要介紹了有些專家認為為了人類和人類文明的延續(xù)，人類應該離開地球，移民去其他星球，尤其是去火星。而有些人認為這樣的計劃不僅昂貴而且危險，甚至還會破壞火星生態(tài)?？赏浦?，這篇文章最有可能出自雜志的"科學"部分。結合選項A.Fiction.小說；B.Currentaffairs.時事；C.SocialStudies.社會研究；D.Science.科學。故選D.

這是一篇議論文。文章主要討論人類應該待在地球還是殖民其他星球。

閱讀理解，要先通讀全文，再結合題目到文章中針對性的尋找與題目相關的細節(jié)，抓關鍵詞、關鍵句，仔細推敲，結合選項，逐一排除，如是錯誤選項，一定要明白表達錯誤所在；如是正確選項，一定是完全符合原文作者所要表達的意思、觀點或想法，或與文章中某些細節(jié)完全相符。

15~19.【答案】G、A、E、D、F【解析】（1）G.歸納總結題。根據(jù)上文"Advice

is

highly

needed

on

everything

from

what

to

pack

to

how

to

protect

yoursel.（從該打包什么到如何保護自己我們都非常需要這些建議。）"以及下面各段專家給的建議，說明本空為承上啟下的作用，G選項"我們采訪了一些旅游專家

，為您提供出行安全指南。"符合語境，故選G。

（2）A.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)上文"Never

give

in

to

your

curiosity

to

hike

off-trail

and

in

unfamiliar

or

unmarked

areas.（永遠不要屈服于你的好奇心，在不熟悉或沒有標記的地方徒步旅行。）"可知，不熟悉的或沒有標記的地方旅行，很容易迷路或者受傷。由此可推斷，A選項"你可能會迷路、受傷或兩者兼有。"切題，故選A。

（3）E.推理判斷題。根據(jù)上文"As

the

sun

reaches

its

highest

point,you'll

start

to

sweat

inside

your

car.

（當太陽到達最高點時，你會在車里開始出汗）"以及下文"That's

why

experts

recommend

packing

everything

you

need

to

stay

comfortable,indluding

dlothing

for

dfferenttemperatures.（這就是為什么專家建議帶上所有舒適的東西，包括不同溫度下的衣服）"可推斷，早晨會出汗，晚上溫度可能會下降，這樣才要帶不同溫度下的衣服，E選項"而在晚上，某些區(qū)域的度數(shù)會急劇下降。"起到承上啟下的作用，故選E。

（4）D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)上文"While

many

people

have

dificulty

sleeping,plenty

rest

is

necessary

before

a

long

car

ride.Do

not

drive

while

you

arefeeling

sleepy（雖然很多人都難以入睡，但在長途乘車前充分的休息是必要的。犯困時不要開車。）"可推斷，要適當?shù)男菹?，D選項"如果你想休息一下，就靠邊休息一會兒。"符合語境，故選D。

（5）F.推理判斷題。根據(jù)下文"Bahar

Schmidt,founder

of

Eluxit

Travel

Agency,recommends

making

more

efforts

to

protect

your

skin

with

sunscreenand

drugs

against

insects.

（Eluxit旅行社創(chuàng)始人巴哈爾：施密特（Bahar

Schmidt）建議，要更加努力地用防曬霜和藥物來保護皮膚防止昆蟲叮咬。）"可推斷，設空處旅行中會有蚊子和昆蟲之類的，F(xiàn)選項"當你晚上在戶外時，蚊子也會被吸引。"切題，故選F。

本文是-篇說明文。文章介紹了旅行專家們關于旅行的一-些安全措

施給出的一些建議。

七選五題型看似簡單，實際上有時完全做對并不容易，需要方法和分析能力及足夠的耐力，有必要進行專門練習。首先，快速瀏覽一遍七個備選答案，先確定哪個選項適合放在文章的什么位置；其次，快速瀏覽文章，確定文章體裁，抓住文章結構，分析篇章結構，找出各段的主題句或主旨大意；其三，注意各選項中出現(xiàn)的句子銜接手段，尋找句中銜接標志詞，七選五備選答案中有兩個多余的選項，會對文章中兩個空的選擇構成干擾，這時要特別細致地比對相似選項；最后，用代入法，檢查答案是否合理，將所有選擇答案放回空白處，通讀全文，檢查文章內(nèi)容是否語義連貫合理、緊扣主題，語篇結構是否通順連貫、具有一致性、合乎邏輯，寫作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用語是否恰當貼切，從而判斷選擇的答案是否正確。

20~34.【答案】D、A、C、D、C、B、B、A、D、D、B、D、A、C、B【解析】（1）考查名詞及語境理解。A.sunlight陽光；B.road道路；C.photo照片；D.wilderness荒野。句意：離開城市最棒的事情之一就是走進大自然，真正地與地球和野生動物交流。但有時，大自然也會以自己的方式存在于城市里。根據(jù)前面的"Butsometimes"可知，上下文有轉折關系，人類可以到大自然中去，但大自然也可以存在于城市。故選D項。

（2）考查名詞及語境理解。A.visitor拜訪者；B.neighbor鄰居；C.friend朋友；D.audience聽眾，觀眾。句意：他的拜訪者是一只毛茸茸的品種。根據(jù)最后一段"Well，it'sprobablysafetosaythatwe'realittleenvious（羨慕的）oftheseluckypersonsandtheirfuzzyvisitors."可知，這里說的狐貍是一個拜訪者。故選A項。

（3）考查動詞及語境理解。A.overlook忽視；B.follow跟隨；C.catch觀看；D.mark標記。句意：一只野狐貍爬上了屋頂，正好趕上觀看日落。根據(jù)前面的"intime"可知，狐貍正好趕上觀看日落。故選C項。

（4）考查形容詞及語境理解。A.wet潮濕的；B.quiet安靜的；C.risky有危險的；D.dark黑暗的，昏暗的。句意：天氣逐漸暗下來并且冷起來，但幸運的是，有一個毯子鋪開且為它準備好了!疲憊的狐貍只想睡一覺。根據(jù)前面的"Awildfoxhadmadeitswayuptotheroofjustintimetocatchthesunset."可知，這里說的是日落之后的天氣，日落之后天空暗下來。故選D項。

（5）考查動詞及語境理解。A.read閱讀；B.found發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.shared分享；D.checked檢查，核對。句意：Tom很快在網(wǎng)上分享了這件事并且得到了許多的點贊。根據(jù)"andreceivedmanylikes"可知，Tom肯定是在網(wǎng)絡上分享了這件事。故選C項。

（6）考查動詞及語境理解。A.encouraged鼓勵；B.attracted吸引；C.confused困惑；D.supported支持。句意：人們顯然被這只不打擾人的狐貍所吸引了。根據(jù)"andreceivedmanylikes"可知，Tom在網(wǎng)絡上分享了這件事，吸引了很多的人。故選B項。

（7）考查固定搭配及語境理解。A.Becauseof由于；B.Accordingto根據(jù)；C.Insteadof代替，而不是；D.Expectfor除了。句意：根據(jù)這個幸運的人的說法，這只狐貍是通過防火梯爬上去的。這里指的是Tom分享了狐貍的事情，并說狐貍是從消防梯爬上去的。故選B項。

（8）考查形容詞及語境理解。A.perfect完美的；B.eventful充滿大事的，多變故的；C.stormy有暴風雨的，激烈的；D.final最后的。句意：一個名叫史蒂夫的人甚至給它放了一些音樂，以確保狐貍有一個完美的晚上!根據(jù)前面的"AmannamedSteveevenplayeditsomemusic"可知，放音樂是為了讓狐貍更加的享受和放松。故選A項。

（9）考查連詞及語境理解。A.if如果；B.and和，而且；C.or或者，否則；D.but但是，然而。句意：事實上，倫敦有很多狐貍，但并不是所有的狐貍都這么可愛和漂亮。根據(jù)后面的"notallofthemarethiscuteandbeautiful"可知，這里是表示轉折。故選D項。

（10）考查介詞短語及語境理解。A.outofdanger脫離危險；B.aboveaverage平均以上；在一般水準以上；C.onthesite現(xiàn)場；D.athome在家，在國內(nèi)。句意：他們被稱為城市狐貍，早在20世紀30年代，當倫敦開始發(fā)展并且當城市的發(fā)展開始進入他們的自然領地的時候，他們就開始在倫敦安家落戶。根據(jù)上文"They'vecometobecalledurbanfoxes"可知，狐貍開始在倫敦安家落戶。故選D項。

（11）考查動詞及語境理解。A.enlarging擴大；B.entering進入；C.surrounding圍繞；D.dividing分開。句意：他們被稱為城市狐貍，早在20世紀30年代，當倫敦開始發(fā)展并且當城市的發(fā)展開始進入他們的自然領地的時候，他們就開始在倫敦安家落戶。結合常識和"thecity'sgrowth"可推知，城市的擴張進入到了狐貍的自然領土。故選B項。

（12）考查形容詞及語境理解。A.ima