主謂一致課件【知識(shí)精講+拓展提升】 高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)

主謂一致1.認(rèn)識(shí)主謂一致3.主謂一致的運(yùn)用2.三原則我是兔子。你是兔子。他是兔子。我們是兔子。Iamarabbit.Youarearabbit.Heisarabbit.Wearerabbit.孤立語(yǔ)詞形幾乎無(wú)變化；動(dòng)詞不存在語(yǔ)法意義上的變位屈折語(yǔ)以詞形變化表達(dá)語(yǔ)法意義；如：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的變位Tom_____（like）cats.TomandLily_____（like）cats.likeslike主謂：_______________主謂一致：______________________________主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上必須一致主謂一致1.認(rèn)識(shí)主謂一致3.主謂一致的運(yùn)用2.三原則1.語(yǔ)法一致主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)通常在語(yǔ)法形式上要取得一致Tomisagoodstudent.MostLondonersarenothappywiththeidea.2.意義一致意義上的一致著眼于主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容而非外在的語(yǔ)法形式Myfamilyarehavinglunchnow.Myfamilyislarge.3.就近一致謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)和離它最近的主語(yǔ)保持人稱和數(shù)的一致Neithertheunkindwordsnortheunfriendlyattitudehascausedmeanydistress.Notonlyshebutalsoallherfamilyarekeenonconcerts.NotJackbuthisparentsaretoblameforthehomeaccident.1.認(rèn)識(shí)主謂一致3.主謂一致的運(yùn)用2.三原則3.主謂一致的運(yùn)用（一）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)的情況（二）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)的情況（三）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞取決于名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，或名詞的意義（四）就遠(yuǎn)原則（五）就近原則（六）算式中的主謂一致（七）

定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)（一）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)的情況1.單數(shù)名詞/代詞、不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)Aballisonthefloor.Somewaterisinthebottle.2.（1）manya+單數(shù)名詞morethanone+單數(shù)名詞a/an+單數(shù)名詞+ortwo/andahalfManyastudent

haspassedtheexam.Morethanoneperson

wasinjuredintheaccident.Ayearandahalf

haspassed.（2）“more+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+thanone”結(jié)構(gòu)中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式Moreexpertsthanone

areagainsthissuggestion.（3）“morethanonehundred+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式（中心詞是復(fù)數(shù)）Morethanonehundredtourists

havejoinedthisdaytrip.3.主語(yǔ)是表示時(shí)間、重量、距離、金額等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)Ahundredmiles

isalongdistance.Twomonths

isalongholiday.Threethousanddollars

isquitealotofmoneyforaboy.4.主語(yǔ)是“each/every/no+單數(shù)名詞+and(+each/every/no)+單數(shù)名詞”Eachboyandeachgirl

hasgotaseat.5.（1）“oneandahalf+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，Oneandahalfweek

isallIcanspare.（2）“onein+基數(shù)詞”作主語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于“幾分之一”的用法，該結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)或修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式Itisreportedthatinthisareaoneinfivepeople

suffersfromheartattack.6.單個(gè)todo、doing作主語(yǔ)時(shí)Doingeyeexercisesisgoodforyoureye.Readingnovelsandsolvingequationsaredifferentassignments.7.（1）“a/an+單數(shù)名詞+ortwo”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Astudentortwohasfailedtheexam.（2）“oneortwo+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Oneortwostudentswerecleaningthewindowsyesterdayafternoon.8.（1）以-ics結(jié)尾的表示學(xué)科的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)如：politics，statistics，economics，physics等。Physicsisoneofmyfavoritesubjects.（2）如果這些以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞轉(zhuǎn)義表示具體實(shí)踐活動(dòng)、性能、現(xiàn)象等時(shí)，則是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Hispoliticsareveryradical.9.以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的專有名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如國(guó)名、人名、書名、組織機(jī)構(gòu)名等，要用單數(shù)形式。TheNewYorkTimes

isapopularnewspaperintheUS.10.名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；主句為系表結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，主句謂語(yǔ)由作表語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞決定。WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheld

hasnotyetbeenannounced.Whattheboywants

is

atoy,andwhathissisterwantsaresomestorybooks.Whathelefthere

were

lotsofbooks.11.（1）獨(dú)立的不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式常見(jiàn)的這類不定代詞有：either,neither,each,one,theother,another,someone類的復(fù)合不定代詞。Nobodyknowsexactlyhowmanyspecies.Everyonewascalm.Anotheristoensurethatallchildrencompleteprimaryeducation.EachofthemhasanEnglishdictionary.（2）某些不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其所指的內(nèi)容這些不定代詞有all,some,any,more,most，以及therest,half等。Alloftheseprocessesareaformofnaturalevolution.AllIwantispeaceandquietness.12.much類或此類詞修飾的名詞作主語(yǔ)即指代或修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞，如alittle，much，agreatdealof，alargeamountof，作主語(yǔ)，或修飾不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。AlittlefreedomisallIask.Muchinformationhasbeenwrittendown.1.Everyboyandeverygirl____present____thefarewellpartyyesterday.A.was;toB.was;atC.were;atD.were;toB2.Itisreportedthatmorethanonepolitician_____inthisscandal.A.hasinvolvedB.hasbeeninvolvedC.havebeeninvolvedD.haveinvolvedB3.Manyastudent____awalkoncampusafterdinner.Butmanystudents____computergamesinthedormitory.A.takes;playB.take;playC.took;playD.havetaken;haveplayedA4.Onehundredandtwentykilometersperhour____usuallythespeedlimitforcarsonthefreeway.A.areB.isC.haveD.hadB5.Attendingconcertsonthecampus____partofthepleasureofcollegelife.A.areB.isC.itisD.beingB6.Everybodyintheoffice____howtooperatethecomputer.A.knowB.isknowC.wereknownD.knowsD7.Growingvegetables___constantlywatering.A.neededB.areneededC.wereneededD.needsD（二）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)的情況（二）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)的情況1.復(fù)數(shù)名詞（代詞）作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Thestudentsareplayingfootballontheplayground.2.某些集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用復(fù)數(shù)形式如：people（人們），police（警擦），cattle（牛群）等。Policewereveryshockedbytherobbery.注意：某些集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于該詞的具體含義如果作為整體看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果作為多個(gè)個(gè)體來(lái)看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式audience（觀眾），army（軍隊(duì)），class（班級(jí)），crew（全體船員），company（公司），crowd（人群），enemy（敵人），family（家庭），group（組），government（政府），public（公眾），population（人口），team（隊(duì)）......Ourgrouparegoingtovisitthechimpsintheforest.Myfamilyisalargeoneandthewholefamilyaremusiclovers.3.（1）“the+形容詞/分詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)表示一類人或事物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；指?jìng)€(gè)別人或表示抽象概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)形式這類搭配有theold,theyoung,thedeaf,theblind,thedead,therich,thepoor,theliving,theinjured......Theinjuredhavebeensenttothenearesthospitalimmediately.Thebeautifulgivespleasuretoall.（2）“the+姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)”表示“某某夫婦或一家人”，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。TheGreensarehavinglunchnow.4.“both...and...”連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。BothNewYorkandLondonhavetrafficproblems.5.以-s結(jié)尾的海峽、山脈、群島等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。ThePhilippinesareinthewesternPacificOcean.6.某些以復(fù)數(shù)形式結(jié)尾的名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用復(fù)數(shù)形式如：belongings（財(cái)產(chǎn)，所有物），leavings（剩余物），earnings（所得，收入），thanks（感激），goods（貨物），savings（儲(chǔ)蓄）......ThefamilyweresavedintheWenchuanearthquakebutallthebelongingswerelost.Allmysavingsareintendedforthepoorchildrenofthemountainsvillages.7.由兩個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)部分組成的一個(gè)整體的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)的，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式此類詞有g(shù)lasses（眼鏡），trousers（褲子），shoes（鞋子），scissors（剪刀），clothes（衣服），compasses（圓規(guī)），chopsticks（筷子），pants（褲子）等但若此類詞被aset/pairof

等量詞修飾時(shí)，則由量詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。Yourglassesareonyournose.Thispairofshoesisunderthebed.8.several類詞或此類詞修飾的名詞作主語(yǔ)即指代或修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的詞，如several，afew，quiteafew，agreatmany(of...)，作主語(yǔ)或修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Quiteafew

haveseenthisIndianfilm.Severalofthem

aredeterminedtoworkinthecountryaftergraduation.9.（1）and連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常常用復(fù)數(shù)EnglishandChinesearequitedifferentlanguages.Thebreadandthebutterareonsale.（2）and連接的并列主語(yǔ)指同一人或同一物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Theteacherandvideocreatorisarabbit.Theteacherandthevideocreatorarerabbits.Iflawandorderisnotpreserved,neitherthecitizennorhispropertyissafe.用and連接的詞組表示一個(gè)概念：lawandorder法制 soapandwater肥皂水a(chǎn)cupandsaucer茶杯碟子 forkandknife刀叉theneedleandthread針線

trialanderror反復(fù)嘗試，不斷摸索horseandcarriage馬車

timeandtide歲月breadandbutter奶油面包

theebbandflow盛衰，潮漲潮落（3）由and連接的兩個(gè)或更多的主語(yǔ)之前有each,every,manya/an,no時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式Eachbookand(each)paperisfoundinitsplace.Noteacherand(no)studentwashere.10.（1）“anumberof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”、“avarietyof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Anumberofcarsareparkedinfrontofthebuilding.（2）“thenumberof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”，意為“......的數(shù)目”；“thevarietyof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”，意為“......的種類”，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式Thenumberofthestudentsisovereighthundred.Anumberofteachersarepresenttoday,andthenumberofthemis500.8.Therich___notalwayshappy.A.isB.hasC.haveD.areD9.Thecommittee____amongthemselvesforfourhours.A.hasbeenarguingB.hasbeenarguedC.havebeenarguingD.havebeenarguedC10.Thesingeranddancer____tomakeaspeechthisafternoon.A.isB.areC.isaboutD.areaboutA11.Thenumberofprivatecolleges____.A.areincreasingB.havebeenincreasedC.haveincreasedD.hasincreasedD（三）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞取決于名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，或名詞的意義1.一些表示數(shù)量的短語(yǔ)與名詞連用時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于名詞的數(shù)。如：alotof,lotsof,plentyof,heapsof,halfof,twothirdsof,eightypercentof,partof,restof,noneof,mostof,someof...Noneofus

have/haseverbeenabroad.Noneofthemoney

waspaidtome.Thereisplentyofwaterinthebucket.Thereareplentyofeggsinthebox.2.單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)根據(jù)該名詞所表達(dá)的單復(fù)數(shù)概念而定。常見(jiàn)的這類名詞有：crossroads（十字路口），means（方法，手段），Chinese（中國(guó)人），series（系列），deer（鹿），sheep（羊），fish（魚(yú)），species（物種），headquarters（總部），works（工廠），Japanese（日本人）...Thesteelworksliesintheeastofthetown.TheChinesearethefriendliestpeopleIhaveevermet.Somefishattractotherfishwithalightontheirbody—andtheneatthem!知識(shí)要點(diǎn)：work表示“作品”時(shí)，其單數(shù)形式為work，復(fù)數(shù)形式為worksWarandPeaceisagreatwork.HaveyoueverreadtheworksofShakespeare?3.“分?jǐn)?shù)詞+of”作主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)是“分?jǐn)?shù)+of”時(shí)，要根據(jù)of后的名詞來(lái)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。Eightypercentofthehighway

hasbeencompletedsofar.AbouttwothirdsoftheEarth’ssurface

iscoveredbytheseaswhicharehometomillionsofspeciesofplantsandanimals.4.all,most,half,enough,some,therest,theremainder這些詞也可以單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)，一般遵循意義一致原則Althoughhismanyexampleswereallright,theremainder

werenotexact.5.therest(of)類詞作主語(yǔ)therest(of)，theremaining,part(of)等詞或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，或者是它們所修飾的名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的單復(fù)數(shù)意義而定。Manyworkerswenthome,andtherestof

wereintheworkshop.Therestofhistime

wasspentinplayinggames.6.some類詞作主語(yǔ)或修飾的名詞作主語(yǔ)。some，plentyof，alot(of)，lotsof等既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，又可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。Alotofparents

arecomingtothemeeting.Alotofwork

istobedonetopreparefortheWorldExpo.7.aquantity(of)和(large)quantities(of)修飾名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)quantity的單復(fù)數(shù)形式而定。Alargequantityofmilkwasreportednottoreachthestandard.Quantitiesofnutsareonthetable.12.Lotsofadvice____tothemonhowtofightagainstsandstorms.A.hasgivenB.aregivenC.wasgivenD.alreadygaveC13.Twothirdsofthebooks____soldoutbutonly10percentoftheincome____tome.A.was;wereB.was;wasC.were;wasD.were;wereC14.Tenpercentoftheworkersinthiscity____nowonstrike.A.isB.areC.istobeD.aretobeB（四）就遠(yuǎn)原則主語(yǔ)帶有togetherwith,alongwith,suchas,accompaniedby,aswellas,nolessthan,except,besides,with,combinedwith,inadditionto,including,ratherthan,like等附加成分時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)不受附加成分的影響，仍然與主語(yǔ)保持一致。MikewithhisfatherhasbeentoEngland.Iaswellastheyamreadytohelpyou.（they與I并列主語(yǔ)，用主格，不用them）（五）就近原則當(dāng)notonly...but(also),...not...but...,or,either...or..,neither...nor...等連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，以及在therebe句型中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式采用就近一致原則。NeitherJacknorIhaveseenthisfilm.Eitheryouorheistoattendthemeetingtomorrow.15.There____abottleofwineandahalfleftathome.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hashadA