2019年12月英語六級考試真題與答案解析：B卷

2019年12月英語六級考試真題與答案解析：B卷————————————————————————————————————————PartI Writing(30minutes)Directions:Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofhavingasenseofsocialresponsibility.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartII ListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Itfocusesexclusivelyonjazz. B)Itsponsorsmajorjazzconcerts.C)IthasseveralbranchesinLondon. D)Itdisplaysalbumsbynewmusictalents.2.A)Itoriginatedwithcowboys. B)Itsmarkethasnowshrunk.C)Itslistenersaremostlyyoungpeople. D)Itremainsaswidespreadashiphopmusic.3.A)Itsdefinitionisvariedandcomplicated. B)Itisstillgoingthroughexperimentation.C)Itisfrequentlyaccompaniedbysinging. D)Itsstylehasremainedlargelyunchanged.4.A)Learntoplaythem. B)Takemusiclessons.C)Listentothemyourself. D)Consuljazzmusicians.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)Shepaidhermortgage. B)Shecalledontheman.C)Shemadeabusinessplan. D)Shewenttothebank.6.A)Herpreviousdebthadn’tbeenclearedyet. B)Hercredithistorywasconsideredpoor.C)Shehadapparentlyaskedfortoomuch. D)Shedidn’tpayhermortgageintime.7.A)Payadebtlongoverdue. B)Buyapieceofproperty.C)Startherownbusiness. D)Checkhercredithistory.8.A)Seekadvicefromanexpertaboutfundraising. B)Askforsmallerloansfromdifferentlenders.C)Buildupherownfinancesstepbystep. D)Reviseherbusinessproposalcarefully.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Itisprofitableandenvironmentallyfriendly. B)Itiswelllocatedandcompletelyautomated.C)Itissmallandunconventional. D)Itisfertileandproductive.10.A)Theirurgetomakefarmingmoreenjoyable. B)Theirdesiretoimprovefarmingequipment.C)Theirhopetorevitalizetraditionalfarming. D)Theirwishtosetanewfarmingstandard.11.A)Itsavesalotofelectricity. B)Itneedslittlemaintenance.C)Itcauseshardlyanypollution. D)Itloosenssoilwhileweeding.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.A)Ithasturnedcertaininsectsintoanewfoodsource.B)IthasstartedonexpandbusinessoutsidetheUK.C)Ithasimportedsomeexoticfoodsfromoverseas.D)IthasjoinedhandswithSainsbury’stosellpetinsects.13.A)Itwasreallyunforgettable. B)Itwasapleasantsurprise.C)Ithurtshisthroatslightly. D)Itmadehimfeelstrange.14.A)Theyaremoretastythanbeef,chickenorpork.B)Theyaremorenutritiousthansoupsandsalads.C)Theycontainmoreproteinthanconventionalmeats.D)Theywillsoongainpopularitythroughouttheworld.15.A)Itisenvironmentallyfriendly. B)Itisapromisingindustry.C)Itrequiresnewtechnology. D)Itsaveshugeamountoflabor.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Tocategorizedifferenttypesoflearners. B)Tofindoutwhatstudentsprefertolearn.C)Tounderstandthemechanismofthehumanbrain.D)Toseeiftheyareinherenttraitsaffectinglearning.17.A)Itwasdefective. B)Itwasmisguided.C)Itwasoriginalindesign. D)Itwasthought-provoking.18.A)Auditoryaidsareasimportantasvisualaids.B)Visualaidsarehelpfultoalltypesoflearners.C)Readingplaintextsismoreeffectivethanviewingpictures.D)Scientificconceptsarehardtounderstandwithoutvisualaids.Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)Notplayingaroleinaworkplacerevolution.B)Notbenefitingfromfree-marketcapitalism.C)Notearningenoughmoneytoprovideforthefamily.D)Notspendingenoughtimeonfamilylifeandleisure.20.A)Peoplewouldbeworkingonlyfifteenhoursaweeknow.B)Thebalanceofpowerintheworkplacewouldchange.C)Technologicaladvanceswouldcreatemanynewjobs.D)Mostworkerscouldaffordtohavehouseoftheirown.21.A)Lossofworkers’personaldignity. B)Deprivationofworkers’creativity.C)Deteriorationofworkers’mentalhealth. D)Unequaldistributionofworkinghours.Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.22.A)ItistheworstmanagedairportinGermanhistory.B)ItisnowthebiggestandbusiestairportinEurope.C)IthasbecomesomethingofajokeamongGermans.D)IthasbecomeatypicalsymbolofGermanefficiency.23.A)Thecity’sairportsareoutdated. B)Thecityhadjustbeenreunified.C)Thecitywantedtoboostitseconomy. D)Thecitywantedtoattractmoretourists.24.A)Themunicipalgovernmentkeptchanginghands.B)Theconstructionfirmbreachedthecontract.C)Shortageoffundingdelayeditsconstruction.D)Problemsofdifferentkindskeptpoppingup.25.A)TourismindustryinBerlinsuffers. B)Allkindsofequipmentgetsrusted.C)Hugemaintenancecostsaccumulate. D)Complaintsbylocalresidentsincrease.PartIII ReadingComprehension (40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Thepersistenthazeovermanyofourcitiesisareminderofthepollutedairthatwebreathe.Over80%oftheworld’surbanpopulationisbreathingairthatfailstomeetWorldHealthOrganizationguidelines,andanestimated4.5millionpeopledied26fromoutdoorairpollutionin2015.Globally,urbanpopulationsareexpectedtodoubleinthenext40years.Anextra2billionpeoplewillneednewplacestolive,servicesandwaystomovearoundtheircities.Whatismoreimportant,thedecisionsthatwemakenowaboutthedesignofourcitieswill27theeverydaylivesandhealthofthecominggenerations.Sowhatwouldthecomponentsofasmog-free,oratleastlow-pollution,citybelike?Traffichasbecome28withairpollution,andmanycountriesintendtobanthesaleofnewpetrolanddieselcarsinthenexttwodecades.Butsimply29toelectriccarswillnotmeanpollution-freecities.Thelevelofemissionstheycausewilldependonhowtheelectricitytorunthemis30,whilebrakes,tyresandroadsallcreatetinyairborne31astheywearout.Acrossthedevelopedworld,caruseisindeclineasmorepeoplemovetocitycenters,whileyoungpeopleespeciallyare32forothermeansoftravel.Researchersarealreadyaskingifmotorvehicleusehasreachedits33andwilldecline,buttransportplannershaveyettocatchupwiththis34,insteadlayingnewroadstotackletrafficjams.AsusersofLondon’sorbitalM25motorwaywillknow,newroadsrapidlyfillwithmoretraffic.IntheUS,studieshaveshownthatdoublingthesizeofaroadcan35doublethetraffic,takingusbacktothestartingpoint.A)alternateF)mergedK)prematurelyB)crownG)miniaturesL)simplyC)determineH)optingM)switchingD)generatedI)particlesN)synonymousE)locatingJ)peakO)trendSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.HowMuchProteinDoYouReallyNeed?[A]Themarketingistempting:Getstrongermusclesandhealthierbodieswithminimaleffortbyaddingproteinpowdertoyourmorningshakeorjuicedrink.Orgrabaproteinbaratlunchorforaquicksnack.Today,youcanfindproteinsupplementseverywhere—onlineoratthepharmacy,grocerystoreorhealthfoodstore.Theycomeinpowders,pillsandbars.Withmorethan$12billioninsalesthisyear,theindustryisboomingand,accordingtothemarketresearchcompany,GrandViewResearch,isontracktosellbillionsmoreby2025.Butdowereallyneedallthissupplementalprotein?Itdepends.Therearepros,consandsomeho-humstoconsider.[B]Forstarters,proteiniscriticalforeverycellinourbody.Ithelpsbuildnails,hair,bonesandmuscles.Itcanalsohelpyoufeelfullerlongerthaneatingfoodswithoutprotein.And,unlikenutrientsthatarefoundonlyinafewfoods,proteinispresentinallfoods.“ThetypicalAmericandietisalothigherinproteinthanalotofusthink,”saysregistereddietitianAngelaPipitone.“It’sinfoodsmanyofusexpect,suchasbeef,chickenandothertypesofmeatanddairy.Butit’salsoinfoodsthatmaynotcomeimmediatelytomindlikevegetables,fruit,beansandgrains.”[C]TheU.S.government’srecommendeddailyallowance(RDA)fortheaverageadultis50to60gramsofproteinaday.Thismaysoundlikealot,butPipitonesays:“Wegetbitsofproteinhereandthereandthatreallyaddsupthroughouttheday.”Take,forexample,breakfast.Ifyouatetwoeggstoppedwithalittlebitofcheeseandanorangeontheside,youalreadyhave22gramsofprotein.Eachegggivesyou7grams,thecheesegivesyouabout6gramsandtheorange—about2grams.Addalunchofchicken,riceandbroccoli,andyouarealreadyovertherecommended50grams.“YoucangetenoughproteinandmeettheRDAbeforeyouevengettodinner,”saysPipitone.[D]Soifit’ssoeasytogetyourproteininfood,whyaddmoreintheformofpowders,snackbarsoraboostatyourlocaljuicebar?Noneedto,saysPipitonebecause,infact,mostofusalreadygetenoughproteininourdiet.“Wholefoodsarealwaysthebestoptionratherthanaddingsupplements,”shesays,notingtheFDAdoesnotregulatesupplementsasrigorouslyasfoodsordrugs.Sotherecouldbelessprotein,moresugarandsomeadditivesyouwouldn’texpect,suchascaffeine.[E]Ifyouareconsideringasupplement,readthelistofingredients,shesays,althoughthisisnotalwaysreliable.“I’veseenveryexpensiveproteinsupplementsthatclaimtobehighqualitybuttheymightnotreallybebeneficialfortheaveragehealthyadult,”shesays.“Itcouldjustbeawasteofmoney.”[F]Buttherearecertainsituationsthatdowarrantextraprotein.“Anytimeyou’rerepairingorbuildingmuscle,”Pipitonesays,suchasifyou’reanextremeenduranceathlete,trainingforamarathon,oryou’reabodybuilder.Ifyou’remoderatelyexercisingfor150minutesaweek,astheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionrecommends,orlessthanthat,you’reprobablynotanextremeathlete.Extremeathletesexpendlotsofenergybreakingdownandrepairingandbuildingmuscles.Proteincangivethemtheedgetheyneedtospeedthatprocess.[G]Veganscanbenefitfromproteinsupplementssincetheydonoteatanimal-basedproteinsourceslikemeat,dairyoreggs.And,forsomeonealwayson-the-gowhomaynothavetimeforameal,aproteinsnackbarcanbeagoodoptionforoccasionalmealreplacement.Also,individualsrecoveringfromsurgeryoraninjurycanalsobenefitfromextraprotein.So,too,canolderpeople.Ataroundage60,“musclesreallystarttobreakdown,”saysKathrynStarr,anagingresearcher,“andbecauseofthat,theproteinneedsofanolderadultactuallyincreases.”[H]Infact,alongwithhercolleagueConnieBales,Starrrecentlyconductedasmallstudythatfoundthataddingextraproteinfoodstothedietofobeseolderindividualswhoweretryingtoloseweightstrengthenedtheirmuscles.Participantsinthestudywereseparatedintotwogroups—onegroupwasaskedtoeat30gramsofproteinpermealintheformofwholefoods.Thatmeanttheywereeating90gramsofproteinaday.Theothergroup—thecontrolgroup—wasputonatypicallow-caloriedietwithabout50to60gramsofproteinaday.Aftersixmonths,researchersfoundthehighproteingrouphadsignificantlyimprovedtheirmusclefunction—almosttwiceasmuchasthecontrolgroup.“Theywereabletowalkfaster,hadimprovedbalance,andwerealsoabletogetupoutofachairfasterthanthecontrolgroup,”Starrsays.All67participantswereover60yearsofage,andbothgroupslostaboutthesameamountofweight.[I]Starrisnowlookingintowhetherhigh-proteindietsalsoimprovethequalityofthemuscleitselfinseniors.She’susingCTscanstomeasuremusclesizeandfat,andcomparingseniorsonahigh-proteindiettothoseonregulardiets.Shesaysherfindingsshouldbeavailableinacoupleofmonths.[J]Inthemeantime,70-year-oldCorlissKeith,whowasinthehighproteingroupinStarr’slateststudy,saysshefeelsabigdifference.“Ifeelexcellent,”shesays.“IfeellikeIhaveadifferentbody,Ihavemoreenergy,I’mstronger.”ShesayssheisabletotakeZumbaexerciseclassesthreetimesaweek,workoutonthetreadmill,andtakelong,briskwalks.Keithalsolostmorethan15pounds.“I’mafashionableperson,sonowI’mbackinmy3-inchheels,”shesays.[K]Aspeopleage,Starrsaysmusclestrengthiskeytohelpingthemstaystrongandcontinuelivingontheirownintheirownhome.“Ifeelverymuchalivenow,”saysKeith.“IfeellikeIcouldstaybymyselfuntilI’m100.”[L]Butcanpeopleoverdoprotein?Pipitonesaysyoudohavetobecareful.Otherresearcherssaytoomuchproteincancausenausea,headaches,andfatigue.Dehydrationisalsoariskwhenyoueattoomuchprotein.Pipitonesaysifyouincreaseprotein,youalsohavetoincreaseyourfluidintake.“Ialwaystellpeopletomakesurethey’redrinkingenoughfluids,”whichfortheaveragepersonis60to70ouncesaday,whichtranslatesintoeight8-ounceglassesofwaterorliquidperday.[M]Therehavebeensomeindicationsthatextraproteinmakesthekidneysworkharder,whichcouldbeproblematicforindividualswithahistoryofkidneydiseaseandforthem,thesupplementsmayincreasetheriskofkidneystones,shesays.[N]Bottomline,ifyouthinkyouneedmoreproteininyourdiet,considerthesequestions:Areyouareanextremeathlete;areyourecoveringfrominjuryorsurgery;orareyou60yearsorolder?Ifso,addinghighproteinfoodslikeeggsandmeatproductstoyourdietcanbebeneficial.And,ifyou’renotsure,itisalwaysagoodideatocheckwithyourprimarycareprovider.36.Itisquiteeasyforonetotakeintherecommendedamountofprotein.37.Pipitoneclaimsthathealthyadultsneednotspendmoneyonproteinsupplements.38.Theproteinsupplementbusinessisfoundtobethriving.39.Proteincanspeedtherepairingofdamagedmuscles.40.Proteinsupplementsmayoverburdensomeinternalorgan,thusleadingtoitsmalfunctioning.41.Olderadultsneedtotakeinmoreproteintokeeptheirmusclesstrong.42.Proteinisfoundinmorefoodsthanpeoplemightrealize.43.Additionalproteinwasfoundtohelpstrengthenthemusclesofoverweightseniorsseekingweightloss.44.Pipitonebelievesthatwholefoodsprovidethebestsourceofprotein.45.Peopleareadvisedtodrinkmoreliquidwhentheytakeinmoreprotein.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Lastyear,achildwasbornatahospitalintheUKwithherheartoutsideherbody.Fewbabiessurvivethisrarecondition,andthosewhodomustendurenumerousoperationsandarelikelytohavecomplexneeds.Whenhermotherwasinterviewed,threeweeksafterherdaughter’sbirth,shewasaskedifshewaspreparedforwhatmightbeadauntingtaskcaringforher.Sheansweredwithouthesitationthat,asfarasshewasconcerned,thiswouldbea“privilege”.Rarelyhastherebeenabetterexampleofthepowerofattitude,oneofourmostpowerfulpsychologicaltools.Ourattitudesallowustoturnmistakesintoopportunities,andlossintothechancefornewbeginnings.Anattitudeisasettledwayofthinking,feelingand/orbehavingtowardsparticularobjects,people,eventsorideologies.Weuseourattitudestofilter,interpretandreacttotheworldaroundus.Youweren’tbornwithattitudes.They’realllearned,andthishappensinanumberofways.Themostpowerfulinfluencesoccurduringearlychildhoodandincludebothwhathappenedtoyoudirectly,andwhatthosearoundyoudidandsaidinyourpresence.Asyouacquireadistinctiveidentity,yourattitudesarefurtherrefinedbythebehaviorsofthosewithwhomyouidentify—yourfamily,thoseofyourgenderandculture,andthepeopleyouadmire,eventhoughyoumaynotknowthempersonally.Friendshipsandotherimportantrelationshipsbecomeincreasinglyimportant,particularlyduringadolescence.Aboutthatsametimeandthroughoutadulthood,theinformationyoureceive,especiallywhenideasarerepeatedinassociationwithgoalsandachievementsyoufindattractive,alsorefineyourattitudes.Manypeopleassumethatourattitudesareinternallyconsistent,thatis,thewayyouthinkandfeelaboutsomeoneorsomethingpredictsyourbehaviortowardsthem.However,manystudieshavefoundthatfeelingsandthoughtsdon’tnecessarilypredictbehavior.Ingeneral,yourattitudeswillbeinternallyconsistentonlywhenthebehavioriseasy,andwhenthosearoundyouholdsimilarbeliefs.That’swhy,forexample,manysaytheybelieveinthebenefitsofrecyclingorexercise,butdon’tbehaveinlinewiththeirviews,becauseittakesawareness,effortandcouragetogobeyondmerelystatingyoubelievesomethingisagoodidea.Oneofthemosteffectivewaystochangeanattitudeistostartbehavingasifyoualreadyfeelandthinkthewayyou’dpreferto.Takesometimetoreflectonyourattitudes,tothinkaboutwhatyoubelieveandwhy.Isthereanythingyouconsideraburdenratherthanaprivilege?Ifso,startbehaving—rightnow—asifthatisthecase.46.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutattitude?A)Itshapesourbeliefsandideologies.B)Itimprovesourpsychologicalwellbeing.C)Itdetermineshowwerespondtoourimmediateenvironment.D)Itchangesthewaywethink,feelandinteractwithoneanother.47.Whatcancontributetotherefinementofone’sattitude,accordingtothepassage?A)Theiridols’behaviors. B)Theireducationallevel.C)Theircontactwiththeoppositegender. D)Theirinteractionwithdifferentcultures.48.Whatdomanystudiesfindaboutpeople’sfeelingsandthoughts?A)Theymaynotsuggesthowapersonisgoingtobehave.B)Theyareinawayconsistentwithapersonsmentality.C)Theymaynotfindexpressionininterpersonalrelations.D)Theyareinlinewithaperson’sbehaviornomatterwhat.49.Howcomemanypeopledon’tdowhattheybelieveisgood?A)Theycan’taffordthetime. B)Theyhavenoideahowto.C)Theyarehypocritical. D)Theylackwillpower.50.Whatisproposedasastrategytochangeattitude?A)Changingthingsthatrequireonesimmediateattention.B)Startingtoactinawaythatembodiesone’saspirations.C)Adjustingone’sbehaviorgraduallyoveraperiodoftime.D)Consideringwaysofreducingone’spsychologicalburdens.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.IndustrialfishingforkrillintheunspoiledwatersaroundAntarcticaisthreateningthefutureofoneoftheworld’slastgreatwildernesses,accordingtoanewreport.ThestudybyGreenpeaceanalyzedthemovementsofkrillfishingvesselsintheregionandfoundtheywereincreasinglyoperating“intheimmediatevicinityofpenguincoloniesandwhalefeedinggrounds”.Italsohighlightsincidentsoffishingboatsbeinginvolvedingroundings,oilspillsandaccidents,whichitsaidposedaseriousthreattotheAntarcticecosystem.Thereport,publishedonTuesday,comesamidgrowingconcernabouttheimpactoffishingandclimatechangeontheAntarctic.AglobalcampaignhasbeenlaunchedtocreateanetworkofoceansanctuariestoprotecttheseasintheregionandGreenpeaceiscallingforanimmediatehalttofishinginareasbeingconsideredforsanctuarystatus.FridaBengtssonfromGreenpeace’sProtecttheAntarcticcampaign,said:“Ifthekrillindustrywantstoshowit’saresponsibleplayer,thenitshouldbevoluntarilygettingoutofanyareawhichisbeingproposedasanoceansanctuary,andshouldinsteadbebackingtheprotectionofthesehugetractsoftheAntarctic.”AglobalcampaignhasbeenlaunchedtoturnahugetractofAntarcticseasintooceansanctuaries,protectingwildlifeandbanningallfishing.OnewascreatedintheRossSeain2016,anotherreserveisbeingproposedinavastareaoftheWeddellSea,andathirdsanctuaryisunderconsiderationintheareawestoftheAntarcticpeninsula—akeykrillfishingarea.TheCommissionfortheConservationofAntarcticMarineLivingResources(CCAMLR)managestheseasaroundAntarctica.ItwilldecideontheWeddellSeasanctuaryproposalataconferenceinAustraliainOctober,althoughadecisiononthepeninsulasanctuaryisnotexpecteduntillater.KeithReid,asciencemanageratCCAMLRsaidtheorganizationsought“abalancebetweenprotection,conservationandsustainablefishingintheSouthernOcean.”Hesaidalthoughmorefishingwastakingplacenearerpenguincoloniesitw