(全)人教版丨八年級(jí)英語下冊(cè)9~10單元重點(diǎn)短語與重點(diǎn)語法詳解(名校版)VIP

人教版丨八年級(jí)英語下冊(cè)9~10單元重點(diǎn)短語與重點(diǎn)語法詳解Unit9Haveyoueverbeentoamuseum.一、重點(diǎn)短語acoupleof一對(duì)..teaart茶藝teaset茶具thousandsof數(shù)以千計(jì)ontheonehand,…..ontheotherhand一方面,另一方面allyearround全年spacemuseum太空博物館historymuseum歷史博物館artmuseum藝術(shù)博物館waterpark水上公園amusementpark游樂園science/naturemuseum科學(xué)博物館,自然博物館somewheredifferent不一樣的地方takethesubway乘地鐵bybike騎自行車haveagreattime玩的愉快filmmuseum電影博物館learnabout學(xué)習(xí)關(guān)于…putup搭建betterthan比..好encouragesb.todosth鼓劫某人去做某事rightnow立刻,馬上walkaroundthepark在公園里走takearide兜風(fēng)theGreatWall長城thePalaceMuseum故宮takeaholiday度假English-speakingcountry說英語的國家atnight在夜晚duringthedaytime在白天beasleep睡著natureenvironment自然環(huán)境becloseto挨著ofcourse當(dāng)然二、重點(diǎn)句型:1.–Haveyoueverbeentoasciencemuseum?--Yes,Ihave.--你曾經(jīng)去過科學(xué)博物館嗎？--是的,去過。2.—I’vebeentotheartmuseummanytimes.我去過藝術(shù)博物館許多次。–Me,too.AndI’vealsovisitedthenaturemuseum.我也去過。我還參觀過自然博物館。3.—I’veneverbeentoawaterpark.–Me,either.--我從來沒有去過水上公園。--我也沒有去過。4.Italsoencouragesgovernmentsandsocialgroupstothinkaboutwaystoimprovetoiletsinthefuture.這也是鼓勵(lì)政府和社會(huì)團(tuán)體去考慮在將來改進(jìn)廁所的一些方法。5.Ontheonehand,morethanthreequartersofthepopulationareChinese,…ontheotherhand,SingaporeisanEnglish-speakingcountry…一方面超過四分之三的人口是中國人,…另一方面新加坡是一個(gè)說英語的國家…6.WhetheryoulikeIndianfood,WesternfoodorJapanesefood,you’llfinditallinSingapore!無論你喜歡的是印度食物、西方食物還是日本食物,你都會(huì)在新加坡找到它!三、重點(diǎn)語法:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)→(一)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的幾種句式1.havebeento+地點(diǎn)名詞曾經(jīng)去過或到過某地，去的人已經(jīng)回來,對(duì)某地有所了解，e.g.TheyhavebeentoBeijing.HehasbeentoParismanytimes.2.havegoneto+地點(diǎn)名詞havegone+地點(diǎn)副詞：去了某地(指人已經(jīng)走了,至少目前不在說話的地點(diǎn),在去的途中戒已經(jīng)到了目的地)Kateisn’tathome.Shehasgonetothelibrary.3.havebeenin/at+地點(diǎn)名詞havebeen+地點(diǎn)副詞已經(jīng)在某地或已經(jīng)在某地待了多長時(shí)間e.g.ShewenttoBeijingthreeyearsago.Shehasbeentherefor3years.4.havebeendoing現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,現(xiàn)在動(dòng)作可能剛剛終止,也可能仍然進(jìn)行著。e.g.Ihavebeenwaitingforyoutwentyminutes.ShehasbeenlearningFrenchsincelastyear.(二)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中幾種狀語的區(qū)別1.yet,already,justever(1)yet常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句、疑問句句尾,用于疑問句中常意為“已經(jīng)”,用于否定句中常意為“尚未,還”;(2)already常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句中,常意為“已經(jīng)”,當(dāng)它用于疑問句時(shí),往往表示驚訝、懷疑、不相信等語氣;(3)just剛剛（常用于肯定句）(4)ever曾經(jīng)（常用于疑問句）e.g.Ihavealreadymethim.Haveyouhadyourbreakfastyet?Wehaven’tfinishedourworkyet.Theyhavejustarrivedhere.HaveyoueverbeentoParis?2.before和ago,just和justnow(1)before和agobefore:表示現(xiàn)在看來的“以前”,常單獨(dú)使用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中,一般不與一段時(shí)間連用;ago:表示在過去某時(shí)間的“以前”,常用“一段時(shí)間,ago”形式,與過去時(shí)連用e.g.Haveyoumethimbefore?Mybrothermetherinthestreettwodaysago.(2)just和justnowjust:“剛剛”常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用,多用于句中助動(dòng)詞后修飾謂語動(dòng)詞。justnow:“剛才”常與一般過去時(shí)連用,一般用于句末。e.g.Ihavejusthadbreakfast.Shehadbreakfastjustnow.3.since和for(1)for長達(dá)…介詞,后接“時(shí)間段”;(2)since自從：介詞后接表示過去的“時(shí)間點(diǎn)”連詞后接時(shí)間狀語從句,從句使用一般過去時(shí)。Ihaveknownhimfor5years.Wehavelivedheresince2011.HowmanyEnglishwordshaveyoulearnedsinceyoucamehere?Exercises:1.–MayIspeaktoMr.Lee?–Sorry,he_______Harbin.He_______thecityfortwodays.2.Ihavesomegoodnewstotellyou.3.inventv.發(fā)明,創(chuàng)造;TheChineseinventedthecompass.inventionn.發(fā)明,創(chuàng)造,發(fā)明的東西;inventorn.發(fā)明家,發(fā)明者。Edisonwasagreatisinventorandinvitedalotofusefulinvention.4.makeprogressin在……方面取得進(jìn)步e.g.HemakesprogressinhisEnglish.5.so和such的區(qū)別：(1)so如此,這樣修飾形容詞或副詞常用于“so,adj./adv.”和“so,adj./adv.,a/an+單數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中。e.g.Iamsogladtohearfrommyfriend.Hetoldussosunnyastory.(2)such如此,這樣修飾名詞,常用于“such,a/an,adj.,單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”和“such+adj.+名詞(復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞)”結(jié)構(gòu)中e.g.Ihadneverseensuchagoodmatchbeforethatday.Itissuchbadweatherthatwewon’tgosightseeingtomorrowafternoon.(3)so+many/much/few/little+名詞e.g.Don’tmakesomuchnoise!6.wonderv.對(duì)……感到驚訝/懷疑;想知道;，后面可以接how,what,why等引導(dǎo)賓語從句或“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，e.g.Hewonderedwhathappened.*wonder后接if/whether引尋的賓語仍句時(shí),表示委婉的請(qǐng)求戒疑問;wonder后接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時(shí),表示“感到驚訝”;wonder與介詞at連用時(shí),表示“感到驚訝;感到疑惑”wonder后接about短語時(shí),表示“對(duì)……感到疑惑”Iwonderthatshehaswontherace.Iwonderifyouwouldmindgivingmeahand.Iwonderaboutmyfuture.7.encouragesb.todosth.鼓劫某人做某事Theteacherencouragedmetotryitagain.8.方位介詞on,in,to(1)in表示“在…之內(nèi)”(A在B的境內(nèi))ChaoyangisinthewestofLiaoningprovince.(2)on表示“相鄰”(A和B接壤)TheStateofMongoliaisonthenorthofChina.(3)to表示“相對(duì)”(A和B是丟個(gè)獨(dú)立的地區(qū)并且有一定的距離)JapanistotheeastofChina.9.ononehand…ontheotherhand一方面….另一方面…(用來表述一個(gè)事情的兩個(gè)方面)e.g.Ononehand,they’dlovetohavekids,butontheotherhand,theydon’twanttogiveuptheirfreedom.10.分?jǐn)?shù)的表讀法:分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞;當(dāng)分子大于1時(shí),分母后面加-s。1/3讀作onethird;2/3讀作twothirds1/4讀作onefourth或one/aquarter;3/4threefouths或threequarters1/2讀作onesecond戒ahalf*分?jǐn)?shù)作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于它所修飾的名詞的形式。修飾的名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);修飾的名詞是復(fù)數(shù),謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。InChina,twothirdsoftheteaisproducedinthesouth.Inourclass,twothirdsofthestudentsaregirls.11.feartodosth.不敢做某事Shefearedtotellhimthetruth.fearfor…擔(dān)心…Hefearsforhisfriend’ssafety.beinfear(of…)(為……)提心吊膽Weareinfearoftigers.infear驚恐地Don’tliveinfear.不要生活在恐懼中。12.havesomeproblems(in)doingsth.做某事有困難=havedifficulty(in)doingsth.或havetrouble/difficulty/aproblem(in)doingsth.e.g.Wehadsomeproblemsgettingoutthebigstones.Butwedidit.13.whetherconj.不管…(還是);或者……(或者)whether與or連用,引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語仍句,意思是“不管是…(或是);不管;無論如何”Thiswillhappenwhetherthechildrenareintwo-parentorone-parentfamilies.不管孩子是生活在雙親還是單親家庭里,這種情況都會(huì)發(fā)生。(1)whether是否：可以引引賓語從句,相當(dāng)于if,一般可以互換使用。Idoubtwhether/ifhewillcome.Iwonderwhether/ifitistrue.(2)只用whether不用if的情況①.不定式前用whether,不用if.Shewonderedwhethertogo.②.介詞之后要用whether不用if。Itdependsonwhetherhecansolvetheproblem.③.賓語從句如果是否定句，要用whether不用if。Idon’tcarewhetheritdoesn’train.Idon’tknowwhetheryouliketheflowersornot.14.seem常用句型(1)主語+seem(s)+(tobe+)表語e.g.Tomseems(tobe)averycleverboy.(2)Itseemsthat…=Sb.seemstodosth.Itseemsthatheishappytoday.=Heseemstobehappytoday.(3)主語,seem(s),todo…Tomseemstoknowourcityverywell.(4)Itseems后面除了可接that從句外,還可以接asif引導(dǎo)的從句。Itseemsasifthemanovertherehadbeendrunk.15.It’sbesttodosth.最好做某事*It是形式主語,todosth.是句子真正的主語。*本句型相當(dāng)于sb.hadbetterdosth.它的否定形式為Itisbestnottodosth.和sb.hadbetternotdosth.Itisbestnottoplayfootballinthestreet.=You’dbetternotplayfootballinthestreet.tryone’sbesttodosth.=doone’sbesttodosth.盡力做某事Unit10I’vehadthisbikeforthreeyears.一、重點(diǎn)短語1.thesedays目前;現(xiàn)在2.regardwithgreatinterest以極大的興趣關(guān)注著3.inorderto為了4.sofar迄今;到現(xiàn)在為止5.inneed需要6.not..anymore不再……7.welcometosp_歡迎來到…:8.checkout察看;觀察9.boardgames棋類游戲10.onelastthing最后一樣?xùn)|西11.juniorhighschool刜級(jí)中學(xué)12.clearout清理13.nolonger不再;不復(fù)14.toymonkey玩具猴15.partwith不……分開16.tobehonest說實(shí)在的17..rideabike騎自行車18.haveayardsale進(jìn)行庭院拍賣會(huì)19.one’soldthings某人的舊東西20.bringbacksweetmemories勾起甜美的回憶21.giveaway捐贈(zèng)22.playforawhile玩一會(huì)兒23.dowith...處置;處理24.searchforwork找工作25.forthelast13years在過去的13年里th26.themid-20century20世紀(jì)中期27.staythesame保持原狀28.accordingto依據(jù);依照29.inone’sopinion依……看30.inmytime在我那個(gè)年代二、重點(diǎn)句型1.Howlonghaveyou...?Howlonghaveyouhadthatbikeoverthere?那邊的那輛自行車你擁有了多長時(shí)間了？2.sb.has/havedonesth.for...Amyhashadherfavoritebookforthreeyears.艾米擁有她最喜歡的書3年了。3.sb.has/havedonesth.since...He’sowneditsincehisfourthbirthday.自他4歲生日起,他擁有這個(gè)東西了。4.Some…Others...Somepeoplestillliveintheirhometown.How-ever,othersmayonlyseeitonceortwiceayear.有些人仍然住在家鄉(xiāng)。然而,另一些人可能一年只能回家鄉(xiāng)一兩次。5.Asforme,Ididnotwanttogiveupmyfootballshirts,but,tobehonest,Ihavenotplayedforawhilenow.至于我,我不想放棄我的足球衣。但是,說實(shí)在的,我現(xiàn)在,經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間沒有踢(足球)了。6.Haveyoueverthoughtabouthavingayardsaletosellyourthings?你是否曾經(jīng)想過要舉辦一個(gè)庭院拍賣會(huì)來出售東西？7.Whatwouldyoudowiththemoneyyouraise?你會(huì)怎樣處理你所籌集到的錢？三、重點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn):1.I’vehaditforthreeyears.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法:此句中had相當(dāng)于bought,buy，是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,不可以接一段時(shí)間。此時(shí)若接一段時(shí)間要換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞have。e.g.Tomhashadthebookforthreeweeks.注意:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中,非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與for和since引起的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用,通常要用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來代替,常用的有buy-have,leave-beawayfrom,borrow-keep,come/go/reach/arrive-bein/at,start/begin-beon.2.not…anymore不not…anylonger辨析not…anymore相當(dāng)于nomore,意為“不再…”,側(cè)重于程度戒數(shù)量上不再增加e.g.Thebabynomorecried.=Thebabydidn’tcryanymore.not…anylonger相當(dāng)于nolonger,意為“不再…”,表示時(shí)間或距離的不再延長,常含有今昔對(duì)比之意,比較正式,常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去時(shí)。e.g.Sheisnolongeryoung.=Sheisn’tyounganylonger.3.partwith放棄,交出,賣掉（不舍得的東西），是動(dòng)詞+介詞結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g.Thelittlegirlrefusedtopartwithherolddoll.4.asfor至于,就…而言,涉及;提到某人或某事，通常用于句首,引出下面的話題,其后可接名詞/代詞/動(dòng)名詞，e.g.Asforhomework,moststudentsdoiteveryday.5.tobehonest是動(dòng)詞不定式短語,相當(dāng)于totellyouthetruth,常放于句首,句中或句末作插入語。e.g.Tobehonest,Ididn’tdoitbymyself.6.dowith意為“對(duì)付,處理”,與疑問詞what連用,側(cè)重于對(duì)某物的利用,what作賓語。e.g.Ittookmetoomuchtimetodowiththeproblem.dealwith與疑問詞how連用,側(cè)重指解決問題的方式,方法,how作狀語。7.giveaway贈(zèng)送,分發(fā),捐贈(zèng),是動(dòng)詞+副詞結(jié)構(gòu)的短語,后接代詞放中間.e.g.Hehasgivenawayallhismoneytothebeggar.Ifixupthebikesandgivethemaway.8.辨析lookfor,search,searchforlookfor是尋找的通俗說法,指尋找某人或某物,指物時(shí)表示尋找失物或遺失的東西e.g.Whatareyoulookingfor?search用于對(duì)某處或地點(diǎn)進(jìn)行搜查,用于人時(shí),指搜身,常用結(jié)構(gòu)：search+地點(diǎn)+forsb./sth.e.g.Thepolicesearchedhishouseforthelostchild.searchfor是比較正式的用語,作“尋找,搜尋,探索”講,指竭力想找到某人或某物e.g.Theyareworkinghardtosearchforanswers.9.among在…中,…之一,指三者或三者以上的中間.e.g.Amongthepersonsattheparty,Ididn’tknowasingleone.between在…中間,在兩者之間e.g.There’sasmallriverbetweenthetwovillages.10.regardas將…認(rèn)為,把…視為e.g.Mr.Liisregardedasthemostpopularteacherinourschool.固定搭配:regard…as把…當(dāng)作/認(rèn)為/規(guī)為,相當(dāng)于treat…as或have…as,regard后接名詞或代詞,as后接名詞/代詞/形容詞/分詞等。e.g.Iregardhimasafriend.asregards至于,關(guān)于e.g.Asregardsmyself,IcanonlysaythatI’mhard-working.11.accordingto表示“依照,依據(jù)…所說”e.g.Accordingtomywatch,it’stimefordinner.12.hold擁有,抓住e.g.Thelittlegirlheldherfather’shand.固定搭配holdon堅(jiān)持,，電話，別掛,稍等holdback阻止holdout伸出holdto堅(jiān)持holdup舉起重點(diǎn)語法:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（三）1.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作能夠延續(xù),如learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,read,sleep,live,stay等,所以可以不表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用e.g.Ihaveknownherforthreeyears.2.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也稱之為終止性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞,表示這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后在較短的時(shí)間內(nèi)就結(jié)束,不能延續(xù),如open,die,close,begin,finish,come,go,move,borrow,lend,buy等。非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在肯定句中不能不表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。表示時(shí)間段的短語有:for+一段時(shí)間(for2years);since+從句(sincehecamehere);since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，sincelastyear;howlong;foralongtime等。e.g.Ihaveboughtabike.注意:初中階段常見的非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換:come/go/reach/arrive-bein/at,leave-beawayfrom,borrow-keep,buy-have,join-bein/beamemberof,die-bedead,start/begin-beon,finish/end-beover,open-beopen,close-beclosed,marry-bemarried,comeback-beback,catchacold-haveacold,fallasleep-beasleep.e.g.Hehaskeptthebookfortwoweeks.3.某些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以與since連用,表示反復(fù)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。e.g.IhavemetheroftensinceImovedhere.4.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句中作謂語時(shí)可以與for,since引起的時(shí)間狀語連用,表示動(dòng)作的延續(xù)過程。e.g.Shehasn’tboughtanynewclothessincelastyear.練習(xí)：()1.-Whatanicewatch!Howlong____you___it?-Forjusttwoweeks.A.wil