第12講Unit4單詞詞組短語知識點講解

第12講Unit4單詞詞組短語學(xué)問點講解1．了解本單元的單詞和詞組等重要語言點。2．可以依據(jù)本節(jié)課的內(nèi)容來完成一些習(xí)題。1.varyvi.(依據(jù)狀況)變化；轉(zhuǎn)變※Justlikespokenlanguage,bodylanguagevariesfromculturetoculture.(教材典句)與口語一樣,身勢語也因文化不同而存在差異?！鵗hecolouroftheinsectvarieswiththeseason.這種昆蟲的顏色隨季節(jié)而轉(zhuǎn)變?！?2020·天津高考)Restaurantscanofferachoiceofmusicalongwiththevariousfoodchoicesonthemenu,allowingcustomersmorecontrolovertheatmosphereinwhichtheyaredining.飯店可以隨著菜單上各種食物的選擇而供應(yīng)音樂的選擇,這就允許顧客們更加自如地掌控他們就餐的氣氛?！?2020·浙江高考)However,avarietyoftypesisrepresentedhere.然而,各種各樣的類型都被呈現(xiàn)在這里。[學(xué)問拓展](1)varyinsth.在某方面不同varywithsth.隨……而變化varybetween...and...＝varyfrom...to...由……到……狀況不等(2)varietyn.變化；種類；多樣性avarietyof＝varietiesof很多的；各種各樣的(3)variousadj.各種各樣的[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/一句多譯①Thestudents'workvariesconsiderablyquality.②Pricesvarythetypeoftheroomyourequire.③Opinionsonthismattervarygreatlyfrompersontoperson.④由于各種緣由，我不愿見他。,I'dprefernottomeethim.＝,I'dprefernottomeethim.＝,I'dprefernottomeethim.【答案】1.in2.with3.to4.Forvariousreasons,Foravarietyofreasons，F(xiàn)orvarietiesofreasons,2.approvevi.贊成；同意vt.批準；通過(教材P38)Inothercountries,bycontrast,eyecontactisnotalwaysapprovedof.相反，在另一些國家，眼神溝通并不總是被認可。(1)vt.批準；通過〔方案、要求等〕Congressapprovedthebudget.國會批準了該預(yù)算。Thecitycouncilapprovedthebuildingplan.市議會批準了這項建筑方案。(2)vi.贊成；同意。Doyouapproveofmyidea?你同意我的想法嗎？Youmadeawisedecision,andIthoroughlyapprovedofit.你做出了一個明智的打算，我完全贊同。Iamafraidyourparentswon'tapproveofyourmarryinghim.我唯恐你的父母不會贊成你和他結(jié)婚?！鵚hydon’tyouapproveofmetakingpartinthehobbygroup?(話題典句)你為什么不同意我參加愛好小組?※Thedecision,madebyBoeing’sboard,followsthenewslastweekthattheFederalAviationAdministrationwouldnotapproveofresumedflightsofthe737MAXairplanesbefore2020.(時事典句)波音董事會是在上周曝出聯(lián)邦航空管理局2020年前不會批準737MAX噴氣式客機復(fù)飛的消息后做出這項打算的?！鵗heNationalAnthemLaw,approvedin2017,statesthatthenationalanthemshouldbeplayedandsungatprimaryandmiddleschoolsnationwide.2017年通過的?國歌法?規(guī)定,全國中學(xué)校應(yīng)當組織同學(xué)奏唱國歌?！鵑ewpublicopinionpollsshowthepresident’sapprovalratingatitslowestpointsincehetookoffice.新的民意調(diào)查顯示總統(tǒng)的支持率跌到了他就職以來的最低點。[學(xué)問拓展](1)approveof(doing)sth.贊成/同意(做)某事approveofsb./one'sdoingsth.同意某人做某事(2)approvaln.贊許；贊成；同意；批準【留意】表達“贊成/同意某人做某事〞不能用approvesb.todosth.,由于approve作“同意；贊成〞講時是不及物動詞，所以應(yīng)當用approveofsb./one'sdoingsth.，其中介詞of后是v.-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。[詞塊]approveanewpolicy批準一項新政策approveoftheplan贊成這個方案win/earnsb.'sapproval贏得某人的同意/贊許[名師點津]英語中有很多動詞加al變?yōu)槊~形式,常見的有:approve→approvalsurvive→survivalarrive→arrivalrefuse→refusal〔1〕練根底：單句語法填空①Iapproveofyour(try)tomakesomemoney,butpleasedon'tneglectyourstudies.②Itfoundmanyyoungstersmeasuretheirstatusbyhowmuchpublic(approve)theygotonline.③Doyouapprovetheideathatsuccesscanbemeasuredintermsofmoneyalone?〔2〕練力量：完成句子他在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)精彩，盼望以此得到父母的贊許。④Bydoingwellatschoolhehopedto.答案〔1〕練根底：單句語法填空①Iapproveofyourtrying(try)tomakesomemoney,butpleasedon'tneglectyourstudies.②Itfoundmanyyoungstersmeasuretheirstatusbyhowmuchpublicapproval(approve)theygotonline.③Doyouapproveoftheideathatsuccesscanbemeasuredintermsofmoneyalone?〔2〕練力量：完成句子他在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)精彩，盼望以此得到父母的贊許。④Bydoingwellatschoolhehopedtowin/earn_his_parents'_approval.3.differvi.不同于；相異(1)vi.有區(qū)分；與……相同；不同于。民身人個一民醫(yī)費人育，Hishousediffersfrommineinhavingnogarage.他的房子和我的不同，區(qū)分在于沒有車庫。(2)vi.(人〕看法不同；與…意見不同。Thetwosidesinthedisputestilldifferwitheachotheroverthequestionofpay.爭吵的雙方在酬勞問題上仍各持己見?！鵄mericanEnglishandBritishEnglishdifferinsomesmallways.美式英語和英式英語在一些細節(jié)上有差異?！鵋owdoboysdifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?在拼圖嬉戲中男孩和女孩有著怎樣的不同呢?※Butsomepeopledifferwithusonthatquestion.(話題典句)但是有些人在那個問題上和我們意見不同?！?2019·全國卷Ⅱ)SinceIwasakid,I’veconsidereddifferentjobsIwouldliketodo.自從我是個孩子的時候,我就考慮我寵愛做的各種工作。[學(xué)問拓展](1)differin在……方面不同differfrom與……不同(2)differencen.不同之處makeadifference(to...)(對……)起作用；(對……)有影響(3)differentadj.不同的bedifferentfrom...in...在……方面與……不同(4)differentlyadv.不同地[詞塊]differintheirattitudestowardsfailure他們對失敗持有不同的態(tài)度differgreatlyincharacter性格迥異〔1〕練根底：單句語法填空①(2020·天津卷)Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethe(different)betweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformance—curiosityanddiscontent.②Eventhoughwepletelydifferfromeachothercharacter,wearestillgreatfriends.③(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberof(differ)techniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.〔2〕練力量：完成句子我堅信假如每個人都努力一點，我們將起重大作用。④Iholdthefirmbeliefthatifeveryonemakesalittleeffort,wecan.答案〔1〕練根底：單句語法填空①(2020·天津卷)Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifference(different)betweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformance—curiosityanddiscontent.②Eventhoughwepletelydifferfromeachotherincharacter,wearestillgreatfriends.③(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferent(differ)techniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.〔2〕練力量：完成句子我堅信假如每個人都努力一點，我們將起重大作用。④Iholdthefirmbeliefthatifeveryonemakesalittleeffort,wecanmake_a_big_difference.4.employvt.使用;應(yīng)用;雇用派生:employern.雇主employeen.雇員employmentn.雇用※Theboyemployedapentoopenthepackageinsteadofaknife.男孩用鋼筆而不是用小刀來翻開包裹?！鵉orthepastthreeyears,hehasbeenemployedasafirefighter.在過去的三年里,他始終被聘為消防員?！?2019·全國卷Ⅰ)Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid1980s.跟蹤北極熊數(shù)量的現(xiàn)代方法自20世紀80年月中期才開頭使用?！鵖hehasemployedherselfinmakingpreparationsforthemeetingallthemorning.整個上午她始終忙于會議的預(yù)備工作?！?2020·全國Ⅱ卷)Andwhenyouremployeesbeginaddingsmilingemojistotheirbusinessmunication,you’llknowyouhavesucceededinimprovingyourworkculture.當你的員工們開頭把微笑的表情符號加到他們的商業(yè)溝通中去時,你就會知道你已經(jīng)勝利地改良了你們的工作文化?？键c必記(1)employsb雇用某人(2)employeen.雇員employern.雇主(3)employmentn.使用;職業(yè);雇用unemploymentn.失業(yè)跟蹤訓(xùn)練1.Anumberofpeoplehavebeenemployed________(deal)withthework2.Itrequiresnotrainingbefore______________(employ)3.The____________(employ)ofthepanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmospherewherehis__________(employ)enjoytheirwork.deal2.employment3.employeremployee5.favourvt.較寵愛；選擇；有利于n．關(guān)心；恩惠；贊同※Elsewhere,peoplefavourshakinghands,bowingfromthewaist,ornoddingtheheadwhentheymeetsomeoneelse.(教材典句)在其他地方,人們見面時更寵愛握手、深鞠躬或者點頭?！鵗hewarmclimatefavoursmanytypesoftropicalplants.暖和的氣候?qū)Χ喾N熱帶植物生長有利?！鵗hevotesaretotallyinherfavour.投票結(jié)果完全對她有利?！鵐anypeopleareinfavourofabanonsmokinginpublic.很多人贊成在公共場所禁煙?！鵇omeafavourandturntheradiodownwhileIamonthephone,willyou?幫我個忙,在我打時把收音機的聲音調(diào)小一點好嗎?[學(xué)問拓展](1)asksb.afavour＝askafavourofsb.請某人關(guān)心doafavourforsb.＝dosb.afavour給某人以恩惠；關(guān)心某人infavourof支持；贊同(2)favourableadj.贊成的；有利的(3)favouriteadj.最寵愛的n.特殊寵愛的人(或事物)[詞塊]wintheteacher'sfavour贏得老師的好感fortunefavoursthebold/brave天佑勇者favouryourproposal贊成你的建議使用favour構(gòu)成的短語時需留意其中有無冠詞。Couldyoudomeafavourandturnoffthatlight?你能幫我個忙，把那盞燈關(guān)掉好嗎？CanIaskafavourofyou?我可以請你幫個忙嗎？—Sure,whatcanIdoforyou?當然〔可以〕,我能為你做什么呢？Iaminfavourofgoingtothemoviesonweekends.我贊成周末去看電影。Thedelayofthematchmaybeinourfavour.競賽推遲或許對我們有利。Thevotewas60:59inhisfavour.投票結(jié)果是60:59,他占優(yōu)勢。Fortunefavoursthosewhousetheirjudgement.機遇偏愛善斷之人。[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/一句多譯①MostofthemwereinfavourmyopinionwhileDavidwasagainstit.②Theexchangerateisourfavourforthetimebeing.③今日你能幫我個忙去學(xué)校接山姆嗎？CouldyouandpickupSamfromschooltoday?＝CouldyouandpickupSamfromschooltoday?④我想請你關(guān)心，你能把你的借給我嗎？Iwantto;willyoulendmeyourcellphone?＝Iwantto；willyoulendmeyourcellphone?【答案】1.of2.in3.domeafavour，doafavourforme4.askafavourofyou，askyouforafavour[圖形助記]6.breakdown消退；分解；打破(1)(機器〕損壞；破壞；出故障。為不及物動詞短語。Thecarbrokedownonhiswayhome.在他回家的路上汽車壞了。Themachinebrokedownatthisbusyhour.正忙的時候機器出了故障。(2)(爭論、談判等〕失敗。為不及物動詞短語。Newsreportssaypeacetalksbetweenthetwocountrieshavebrokendownwithnoagreementreached.據(jù)新聞報道兩國的和談失敗，未達成任何協(xié)議。(3)(健康或精神等方面〕垮掉；崩潰。為不及物動詞短語。Hishealthhasbrokendownbecauseofthepressureofwork.由于工作壓力，他的身體垮下來了。(4)(化合物等〕使分解。為及物動詞短語。Foodisbrokendowninthestomach.食物在胃里被分解?！鵄smilecanbreakdownbarriers.(教材典句)微笑能消退隔膜?！鵋iscarbrokedownhalfwaythedaybeforeyesterday.前天他的轎車半路上拋錨了?！鵋erhealthbrokedownunderthepressureofwork.工作的壓力把她的身體弄垮了?！鵖ugarisbrokendowninthestomach.糖在胃中被分解。[學(xué)問拓展]breakawayfrom脫離；擺脫；擺脫；打破陳規(guī)breakin闖入；強行進入breakout突然發(fā)生；爆發(fā)(不用于被動語態(tài))breakup打碎；分裂；解體；解散[即學(xué)即練]——完成句子①他的車在路上出故障了，那就是他開會遲到的緣由。Hiscarontheway,andthatwaswhyhewaslateforthemeeting.②這個女孩擺脫她媽媽，跑了。Thegirlhermotherandranaway.③這個樂隊大約在1970年解散，但是令人快樂的是，到了20世紀80年月中期他們再次相聚。Thebandabout1970,buthappilytheyreunitedinthemid-1980s.④在這一地區(qū)總有意想不到的事情發(fā)生。Somethingunexpectedalwaysinthisarea.⑤為了很快地進入著火的房子，消防隊員拆了那面墻。Thefiremeninordertogainquickaccesstothebuildingonfire.【答案】1.brokedown2.brokeawayfrom3.brokeup4.breaksout5.brokedownthewall7.witnessvt.當場看到；目擊；見證n．目擊者；證人※InJapan,someonewhowitnessesanotherpersonemployingthegesturemightthinkitmeansmoney.(教材典句)在,看到有人使用這個手勢的人可能認為它是“錢〞的意思?！?2020·新高考全國Ⅰ卷)However,herchildrenhavelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessingtheirmotherearnherdegree.然而,在目睹他們的母親贏得學(xué)位的過程中孩子們已經(jīng)學(xué)到了重要的一課?！鵒newitnesstotheaccidentsaidthedriverappearedtobedrunk.那起事故的一個目擊者說司機好似喝醉了?！鵐ycoworkerscangivewitnesstomyhonesty.我的同事都能為我的老實作證。[學(xué)問拓展](1)witnesssth.目擊了某事witnessto(doing)sth.證明，證明(做)某事witnessfor為……作證(2)beawitnesstosth.是某事的證據(jù)/證人bear/givewitnessto做……的證人；為……作證〔1〕練根底：單句語法填空①(2020·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)LastSunday(witness)anextraordinarycross-countryrunningrace,whichnearlydrewtheattentionofeverystudentandteacherofourschool.②(witness)thoughthewasdeadbuthewokeup20minuteslater,lyinginmuddywater.③Hisgoodhealthisawitnessthesuccessofthetreatment.〔2〕練力量：詞匯升級(一般表達)Whenhewalkedoutofthepark,theoldmansawtheroadaccident.④(高級表達)Whenhewalkedoutofthepark,theoldmantheroadaccident.答案〔1〕練根底：單句語法填空①(2020·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)LastSundaywitnessed(witness)anextraordinarycross-countryrunningrace,whichnearlydrewtheattentionofeverystudentandteacherofourschool.②Witnesses(witness)thoughthewasdeadbuthewokeup20minuteslater,lyinginmuddywater.③Hisgoodhealthisawitnesstothesuccessofthetreatment.〔2〕練力量：詞匯升級(一般表達)Whenhewalkedoutofthepark,theoldmansawtheroadaccident.④(高級表達)Whenhewalkedoutofthepark,theoldmanwitnessedtheroadaccident.[圖形助記]8.reliableadj.可信任的；牢靠的Whichisamorereliableguideforunderstandingsomeone'sfeelings，theirbodylanguageorthewordstheyspeak?哪一種方式更能關(guān)心我們理解別人的感受：是肢體語言還是他們說的語言？[例1]Ithasahighlyreliablecontrolsystem.它具備一套極牢靠的掌握系統(tǒng)。[例2]He'sagoodmusicianandtotallyreliable．他是個精彩的音樂家，而且特別牢靠。[學(xué)問拓展](1)areliablefriend牢靠的伴侶bereliableas作為……是牢靠的(2)relyv.信任；信任；依靠；依靠relyon/upon依靠；依靠relyonitthat...信任[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Thisstatementisnotreliableevidence.②Itwouldbebettertorelyourselvesthanonothers.③Youmayrelyonthathewillhelpyou.④那個年輕人老實，且有合作精神，當你需要他關(guān)心的時候，他總是在那兒。簡言之，他很牢靠。Theyoungmanishonest,cooperative,andisalwaystherewhenyouneedhisshort,．[小片段填空]Theland,theessentialmeansofproduction,isthemostlivingsecuritythatthepeasantscan．土地作為根本的生產(chǎn)資料，是農(nóng)夫可以依靠的最牢靠的生活保障?！敬鸢浮?.as2.on3.it4.he'sreliablereliable，relyonoccupyvt.占據(jù);占用※Withtheirchinsontheirhands,theyoccupythemselvesbystaringoutofthewindoworupattheceiling.(教材典句)他們雙手托著下巴,很專注地盯著窗外或天花板?！鵋elenwasfullyoccupiedlookingaftertwochildren.照看兩個孩子使海倫忙得不行開交?！?2020·天津高考)Itencouragesustooccupyourownlittlecorner,toavoidfoolishleapsintothedark,tobesatisfied.它鼓舞我們占據(jù)自己的小角落,防止愚蠢地跳進黑暗中,去自我滿意?！鵓leasestateyourname,ageandoccupationbelow.請在下面寫明姓名、年齡和職業(yè)?！驹~組】(1)occupyoneselfwithsth./indoingsth.忙于……；用心于……(2)occupiedadj.忙于……的；從事……的；已被占用的；被占據(jù)的beoccupiedindoingsth.忙于做某事beoccupiedwithsth.從事/忙于某事(3)occupationn.占據(jù)；職業(yè)；工作【留意】“忙于做某事〞的其他表達方式有：bebusywithsth./(in)doingsth.，beemployedwithsth./(in)doingsth.，beengagedinsth.。[詞塊]occupyhalfofthetime占用了一半的時間occupyherselfwithroutineofficetasks她忙于辦公室的日常工作〔1〕練根底：單句語法填空①I'veinventedagamethatwillkeepthekids(occupy)forhours.②(天津卷)Withthecollegeentranceexaminationdrawingnear,Iamoccupiedpreparingforit.③Hewouldhaveattendedyourbirthdaypartybutheoccupiedhimselfaveryimportantexperiment.④The(occupy)occupiedmostofhertime,thusleavingherleasttimeforherfamily.〔2〕練力量：句式升級(一般表達)Janehasbeenoccupiedingettingusedtoeverythingandshehasn'thadtimeforsocialactivities.⑤(高級表達),Janehasn'thadtimeforsocialactivities.(過去分詞短語作狀語)⑥(高級表達),Janehasn'thadtimeforsocialactivities.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語)答案