人教版（2023）必修第一冊 高中英語 Unit4 Natural Disasters單元檢測（含答案）

第第頁人教版（2023）必修第一冊高中英語Unit4NaturalDisasters單元檢測（含答案）Unit4NaturalDisasters單元檢測

一、完形填空

HurricaneIanhitFloridainOctoberandbroughtwithitflooding,winds,andarecordhighstorm.ManyresidentslikeKarenLauder1toleavetheirhomesbecausethey2theintensityofthestorm.Karenis84andreliesonawheelchairto3becauseofamissingleg.Herson,JohnnyLauder,triedrepeatedlytogetherto4,butinvain.

Johnnyhadtostaybutheandhisfamilylivedinanotherdistrict.Theykeptin5touchwithKaren.WhenKaren6thatthewaterinherhousehadreachedherwaist,heknewhehadtotake7.

Johnnyjumpedoutofawindowandbeganto8tohismother’s.Ashemadehis9throughthewater,Johnnystoppedoccasionallytosnapselfies(自拍)toshowhis10familythathewasokay.

Johnnywasracingagainst11.HeonlyhadashortperiodoftimetogettherebeforethewaterroseaboveKaren’s12.Ittookhim40minutestoswimfourblocks.Karen’syellsoundedlike13tohisears!Shewasstillalive!ButJohnnysawKaren14likealeaf,sohefoundsomecleansheetsandwrappedheruponatabletoget15.

EveryoneinJohnny’sfamilyisnow16.They’vealllosteverythingthey17,includingtheirhouses,butthey’re18justtobehere.

“Ididn’tlosehope.Sowe’restillhere.19islikeacomputer.There’retwobuttons:There’saresetandapower—and20itwasjustaresetbuttonthatgothitandnotthepower,”hesaid.

1．A．decidedB．a(chǎn)ttemptedC．expectedD．refused

2．A．a(chǎn)ssessedB．understoodC．underestimatedD．a(chǎn)nalyzed

3．A．getaroundB．getthroughC．standupD．goon

4．A．a(chǎn)greeB．leaveC．a(chǎn)pplyD．participate

5．A．impossibleB．temporaryC．constantD．limited

6．A．heardB．concludedC．evaluatedD．reported

7．A．a(chǎn)ctionB．effectC．placeD．care

8．A．rideB．runC．driveD．swim

9．A．differenceB．wayC．presentationD．decision

10．A．embarrassedB．guiltyC．worriedD．disappointed

11．A．timeB．weatherC．pressureD．disease

12．A．waistB．headC．kneesD．wrists

13．A．signalB．reminderC．orderD．music

14．A．shakingB．whisperingC．standingD．dancing

15．A．focusedB．cleanC．warmD．a(chǎn)ccessible

16．A．competentB．efficientC．responsibleD．safe

17．A．ownedB．storedC．discoveredD．remembered

18．A．fascinatedB．gratefulC．willingD．determined

19．A．DisasterB．DifficultyC．LifeD．Misfortune

20．A．eventuallyB．fortunatelyC．similarlyD．unexpectedly

二、閱讀理解

AfterarelaxingJulydayattheJerseyShorein2023,JessicaReederandhertwochildrenheadedhometoPhiladelphia.AstheyreachedPennsylvania,theyweregreetedwithayellow-graysky.ItremindedReederofwhatsheoftensawinSouthernCaliforniainherchildhoodwhenwildfireswereburning.

InNorthAmerica,mostlargewildfiresoccurinthewesternstatesandCanada.ButsmokegeneratedintheWestdoesn’tstaythere.Ittendstotraveleast.Withindays,itcandirtytheairintheMidwestandevenEastCoasttowns.Today,mostasthma(哮喘)-relatedUSdeathsandemergency-roomvisitsfromwildfiresmokeoccurineasterncities.

Thebigproblemcomesfromtinyaerosols(氣溶膠)--bitsofash,andotherdropletsintheair.Scientistsrefertothismixasparticulatematter,orPM.

ThesmallerthePMis,thelongeritcanstayintheair.Andthelongeritfloats,thefartheritcantravel.TheespeciallyworrisomesizesareknownasPM2.5.Thesebitsarenomorethan2.5micrometerswide.That’saboutone-thirtieththewidthofahumanhair.Theseaerosolsaresosmallthattheycanbebreatheddeeplyintothelungs.PM2.5hasbeenlinkedwithbreathing-relatedinjuryandheartdisease.

Overthelastfewdecades,USclean-airlawshavesetlimitsonemissions(排放)ofPMfromindustrialsources.Thathashelpedcleantheairinmanycities.Buttheserulesdon’tcoverPMfromwildfiresmoke.Recentstudieshaveshownthataerosolsfromwildfiresmaybemorepoisonousthanindustrialsourcesofthesepollutants.

Sofar,muchofthescienceonhowwildfirePM2.5cansickenpeoplehasfocusedonpeopleexposedtosmokenearfiresintheUSWest.Now,researchersareturningtheirattentiontohowthissmokemaybeaffectingpeopleasfarawayastheEastCoast.Withclimatechangeincreasingtheintensityandfrequencyofwildfires,peopleacrossNorthAmericaneedtobemoreconcernedaboutthehealthimpactsofthissmoke.

21．WhydoestheauthortellJessicaReedersstory

A．Toleadinthetopic.B．Topraiseherperformance.

C．Torememberafriend.D．Tointroduceanicescene.

22．Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout

A．TheclassificationofPM.B．Thetreatmentforasthma.

C．Theharmoftinyaerosols.D．ThecharacteristicsofPM.

23．WhatdidAmericadotocleantheairinthepast

A．ItcutdownonPMfromwildlifesmoke.

B．Itreducedindustrialemissionsbylaw.

C．Itencouragedpeopletoworkfromhome.

D．Itstoppedwildfiresmoketravellingeast.

24．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext

A．WildfireSmokePosesHealthRisksinNorthAmerica

B．WildfiresAreBurningOutofControlintheUS

C．WhyDoLargeWildfiresOccurintheEasternUS

D．HowDoWildfiresAffecttheWesternUSCities

Humanscanracetogetoutofahurricane’spath.Someanimalscansenseahurricanecomingandleavequickly,butthereareanimalsthatcan’tsimplygetoutoftheway.Herearethevariouseffectsofhurricanesonanimals.

Birdsmaybeabletosenseairpressureandotherchangesintheenvironment,whichencouragesthemtogetoutofharm’sway.Somebirdswillevenspeeduptheirmigration(遷徙)leavingearlierthanusualifaserioushurricaneisapproaching.However,strongwindscanpushbirdshundredsofmilesawayfromtheirhome.Youngorweakbirdscanbecomeseparatedfromtherestoftheirgroupandoftenhavedifficultymakingithome.

Fishcanalsobeaffected.AfterHurricaneAndrewin1992,about184millionfishdiedinsouthLouisiana’sAtchafalayaBasinalone.Strongwindsblewleavesofftrees,blowingthemintowetlands.Therotting(腐爛的)organicmaterialtoextremelylowlevelsofoxygeninthewater,killingthefish.Somefishwilloftenfindshelteredareasduringhurricanes,butthey’renotalwayssafe.Dolphinshaveoccasionallybeenblowntoshoreduringbighurricanes.

Therearemanyotherdangersthatcomewithhurricane-relatedwater.Sharpriseofsaltwateronshorecanharmwildlifeandplantsthatliveinthefreshwaterandcan’tbearthesaltcontent.Heavyraincanalsoaffectthebalanceoffreshandsaltwaterinsomeareas,harmingthecreaturesthatliveinthem.

Manyanimalslosetheirregularfoodsupplywhenahurricanearrives,asstrongwindsandrainsdestroytreesoffruits,nutsandberries.DuringHurricaneAndrew,aboutone-quarterofLouisiana’spublicoysterseed(牡蠣種苗)groundsweredestroyed.BecausetheoysterswereanimportantfoodsourceforsomebirdsonLouisiana’sbarrierIslands,thebirdssufferedmassdeathasadirectresultofthehurricane.

25．Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2

A．Birdsareadaptingtoachangingclimate.

B．Birdscansensethecomingofahurricane.

C．Birdsmigrateatcertaintimesofeveryyear.

D．Birds’habitatsaredestroyedbyhurricanes.

26．WhatcausesfishinsouthLouisiana’sAtchafalayaBasintodieafterHurricaneAndrewin1992

A．Poisonousleaves.B．Airpollution.

C．Alackofoxygen.D．Thelossofshelters.

27．Whatcouldbetheeffectofhurricane-relatedwater

A．Oceanecosystemisdestroyed.

B．Seasaltproductionisreduced.

C．Manyanimalsmoveawayfromtheirhabitats.

D．Therewouldbelessfreshwaterontheearth.

28．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext

A．Animalssuffermorethanhumansduringahurricane

B．Whathappenstoanimalsduringahurricane

C．Whydoanimalsmigrateearlierthanusual

D．Animalsmightfaceseriousthreats

MaunaLoa,theworld’slargestactivevolcano,startederuptinglateSundayintheU.S.islandstateofHawaiiinthePacificOcean.Thevolcanolasterupted38yearsago.Butitisnotexpectedtoputpeopleindanger.

Atthispoint,melted(熔化的)rock,calledlava,ispredictednottocomenearpopulatedareas,butofficialswarnedpeopletobereadytomoveaway.Thepathoflavaflowscanchangequickly.

Islandofficialswarnedpeopletostayawayfromtheareaswherelavaiscomingoutbecauseitcanshoot30to60metersintheair.Thegascomingfromtheeruptionisalsoharmful.Atthemoment,however,thestatesaidairqualityontheislandisgood.

Theeruptionisanewexperienceformanypeopleontheisland.TherearemorethantwiceasmanypeoplelivingtherecomparedtothelasttimeMaunaLoaerupted.Stateofficialsaremostconcernedaboutanareaabout50kilometerstothesouthofthevolcanowhereabout5,000peoplelive.

Thereissomeconcernaboutaweakareaonthesouthwesternpartofthemountain.Iflavaescapesfromthatarea,itcouldthreatenplaceswherepeopleliveinjusthoursordays.Thelavahasnevercomeupthroughthatareaduringpasteruptions.

ThelavacouldflowtowardthecityofHilo,whichhasabout45,000people.Thatcouldtakeaboutaweek.Scientistssaytheyhopethelavaflowslikeitdidin1984,whenitmovedslowly.

HawaiimayorisMitchRoth.Hesaidtheeruption“willberemarkable”,buthedoesnotthinkitwillcauseproblemsforpeoplevisitingHawaii.HesaidmanypeoplecometoHawaiitoseevolcanoes,buttheyhavetotravelalongwaytoanationalpark.Now,theycanseeaneruptionmuchmoreeasily.“Youcanjustlookoutyourwindowatnightandyou’llbeabletoseeMaunaLoaerupting,”hesaid.

29．Whydidofficialsgivepeopleawarning

A．Thewaylavaflowsisuncertain.B．Airqualityontheislandisn’tgood.

C．Thelavacanshoot60metersatleast.D．Thelavawillreachwherepeoplelive.

30．Whydosomepeopleworryabouttheweakarea

A．Itisnearpopulatedplaces.B．Nolavahascomeupthroughit.

C．Manypeoplelivethere.D．Itcanstoperuptions.

31．WhatdoesMitchRothagreewith

A．PeoplehadbetterleaveHawaiisoon.

B．Theeruptionisapossibledangertovisitors.

C．ItisconvenienttowatchaneruptioninHawaii.

D．Theeruptionisaonce-in-a-centurynaturalwonder.

32．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext

A．PeopleinHawaiiAreReadytoEscape

B．VolcanoesinHawaiiAlwaysAttractVisitors

C．DamageofVolcanoinHawaiiIsNotClear

D．World’sLargestActiveVolcanoEruptsinHawaii

三、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換

詞性轉(zhuǎn)換

33．eruptionn．爆發(fā)→v．(火山)爆發(fā)，噴發(fā)

34．immediateadj.立刻的→adv.即刻，馬上

35．occurrencen．發(fā)生→v．發(fā)生

36．a(chǎn)nnouncev．宣告→n．通告，公告

37．disastrousadj.災(zāi)難性的→n.災(zāi)難

38．land(國土；陸地；地面)+slide(滑動)→n.山崩

39．forecastern.預(yù)報員→v.預(yù)報，預(yù)測

40．rescuern.救助者→vt.營救；援救

四、選用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語補(bǔ)全短文

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A．definedB．a(chǎn)idingC．trendsD．dominateE.typicalF.lossG.necessitiesH.featuredI.markJ.surviveK.appliances

AmericanDecorationintheMiddleofthe20thCenturyHomedecoratinghascomealongwayoverthedecades.Certainelementsthatbeganas41forsurvival—likefireplaces—havetransformedintodecorativeelementsinthemodernage.Somestylesarestillmassivelypopular,inspiringcopycatfurniturethatsellsforthousands.Other42areignoredorevenridiculed.

Nooneknowswhathomedecorationofthefuturewilllooklike.Butifwelookbackthroughhistory,wecanguesswhichdesignelementswillcomeback—andwhichwilldisappearforever.

TheGreatDepressionaffectedeveryaspectofAmericanlife—includingdecoration.Peoplewerejusttryingto43duringthe1930s,whichdidn’tleavealotofroomfornon-essentials.Butthatdoesn’tmeaneveryonegaveuponmakingtheirhomeslookbeautiful.A44livingroomwouldhaveafewthrowrugsininterestingpatterns,too.Therewasnoonetypeoffurniturethat45the1930s—curvedandstraightlinefurniturestill46astheArtDecostylefromthepreviouserawasstillpopular.Plasticchairsandwingbackchairsallhadaplaceinthe1930shome.Peoplewerealsolikelytousewhattheyhadandnotcaresomuchaboutmatchingacertaintaste.

It’simpossibletodescribethe1940swithoutmentioningWorldWarII.Duringthefirsthalfofthedecade,homedesigntookabackseatto47thewareffort.Thesecondhalfwasmuchdifferent.Returningsoldiershadsomethingnewtolookforwardto:newkitchenswith48suchasrefrigerators,freezers,anddishwashers.Traditionalwoodfurnitureindarkorblondetonesgracedeveryroomofthehome.

Post-warAmericawasalothappierandshinierthanrecentdecades.Withaprosperingmiddleclassandahealthyeconomy,peoplehadmoretimeandmoneytodevotetonewpursuits—likedecoratingtheirhouses.

TheunfussyfurnituremadepopularbyCharlesEamesstartedto49theAmericanhousehold.Everythingwassimpleanduncomplicated.Walltowallcarpetingbecamethemostdesirabletypeofflooring,especiallyinuniquecolours.

The60sbroughtaboutmanychangestoAmericancultureandhomedesignwasnoexception.Peoplewantedtoshowofftheiruniquesenseofstylemorethaneverbefore.Homesweren’tjustseenasa50ofhowsuccessfulyouwere—theywerealsoachancetoletyourpersonalityshinethroughhomedecoration.

五、告知信/通知

51．假設(shè)你是李華，這個周日你們學(xué)校將舉行地震知識講座，請你寫一封郵件告知來自英國的交換生Jim。內(nèi)容包括：

1.時間、地點、主講人及參加對象；

2.講座意義；

3.注意事項。

注意：寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)在80詞左右。

DearJim,

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

LiHua

六、讀后續(xù)寫

52．閱讀下面文章，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一個完整短文。

Anarrowescape

AholidayinPenangisanannualaffairformyfamily.MyparentsgrewupinPenangandareveryfondofPenangfood.InDecembereveryyear,wedriveuptotheislandtospendthreedaysvisitingtheirfavoritefoodspots.

Thisyear,westartedourjourneyupnorthonaFridaymorning.ThedrivewasinterruptedbystopsatBidorTownandKamparsoittookussixhourstoreachourdestination.WestayedatoneofthehotelsinBatuFerringhi.Thebeachwasjustashortwalkfromthehotelentranceandourroomshadalovelyviewofthesea.Wespentourfirsteveningplayingonthebeach.Afterdinner,wereturnedtoourroomstoplayMonopoly.Myparentshavearuleforourholidayswhichisthatweshouldspendtimedoingthingstogether.TherewastobenoTVandnoInternet.

Thenextmorning,wewenttoBukitBenderaandthenspenttherestoftheafternoonintownvisitingourfavoritehawkerstalls(小販攤位).Aswewerehavingteaatashop,weoverheardpeopletalkingaboutanearthquakenearSumatera,anislandinIndonesia.Butwedidn’tcaretoomuch.Afterwardsweheadedbacktothehotelandthenwenttothebeach.Wetookawalkalongthebeach,pickingupseashellsalongtheway.Suddenly,Inoticedastrangething.Theseaseemedtoberetreating(后退)fromtheshore.Ifeltalittleuneasy,soIaskedmyfathertolookatthecuriousoccurrence.Myfathertookonelookandwentpale.Wesawagreylineinthedistancemovingtowardstheshore.Itseemedtogrowtallerbythesecond.Itwasatsunami(海嘯)!

注意：

1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；

2.請按如下格式作答。

Myfarthershouldshoutedatustorunbacktothehotel.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Wewaitedalongtimebeforegoingdownstairs.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

參考答案

1．D2．C3．A4．B5．C6．D7．A8．D9．B10．C11．A12．B13．D14．A15．C16．D17．A18．B19．C20．B

21．A22．D23．B24．A

25．B26．C27．A28．B

29．A30．A31．C32．D

33．erupt34．immediately35．occur36．a(chǎn)nnouncement37．disas