2021年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題

2021年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題(第3套)

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Supposeyouhavejustparticipatedinaschoolprojectofcollectingused

booksoncampus.Youarenowtowriteareportabouttheproject,whichmayinclude

itsaim,organizers,participantsandactivities.Youwillhave30minutestowritethe

report.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)

說(shuō)明：2021年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試全國(guó)共考了兩套聽力。本套的聽力內(nèi)容與

第二套相同，因此本套聽力部分不再重復(fù)給出。

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselect

onewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthe

passage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoice

inthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitem

onAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthe

wordsinthebankmorethanonce

.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Thesheetsaredampwithsweat.You'recold,butyourheartisracingasifakillerjust

chasedyoudownadarkstreet.Itwasjustanightmare,youtellyourself;there's

nothingtobeafraidof.Butyou'restillfilledwith_26

Givenhowunsettlingandhauntingnightmarescanbe,isthereawayfordreamers

luciddreaming—thatis,theabilitytobe_29thatanightmareishappeningand

possiblyevencontrolitwithoutwakingup—mayholdthe_30

Nightmaresarepartofthehumanexperience,especiallyforkids.Doctors_31don't

consideroccasionalnightmaresaproblem.Theycanjustbesymptomsofasleep

disorderthatcan_32fromanunpleasantexperience,stress,orcertaindrugs.

Totreatthedisorder,thereareanumberofmedicinesandtherapiesthatarebacked

by_33research,accordingtotheAmericanAcademyofSleepMedicine,which

analyzedtheavailableresearchonthetreatmentofnightmaredisorderinarecent_34

publishedintheJournalofClinicalSleepMedicine.

However,nightmaresarecomplicated,andresearchersarestillstrugglingto

understandthem,saidDr.RachelSalas,anexpertonsleepdisordersandanassociate

professoratJohnsHopkinsMedicineinBaltimore.Whatwedoknowisthat

people_35tohavedifferentkindsofnightmaresatdifferentpointsduringthesleep

cycle.

A)amount

C)avoid

E)depart

G)fear

SectionB

I)mechanical

K)review

M)tend

O)typically

B)answer

D)aware

F)drastically

H)limited

J)result

L)rigorous

N)timidity

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatements

attachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.

Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychoosea

paragraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthe

questionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

Whyitmattersthatteensarereadingless

A)

Mostofusspendmuchmoretimewithdigitalmediathanwedidadecadeago.But

decadesago,thewaytheyinteractwithtraditionalmedialikebooksandmoviesis

fundamentallydifferent.

B)AnalysisofsurveysofoveronemillionteensintheUnitedStatescollectedsince

1976revealsamajorshiftinhowteensarespendingtheirleisuretime.Paperbooks

arebeingignored,infavorofscreens.Digitaldevicesarechangingotherbehaviors,

too.Moreandmore,youngpeoplechoosespendingtimeontheirelectronicdevices

overengaginginotheractivities,regardlessofthetype.Indeed,by2016,theaverage

Americanhighschoolseniorsaidtheyspentsixhoursadaywritingtextmessages,on

socialmedia,andonlineduringtheirfreetime.Andthatcoversjustthreeactivities,

andifotherdigitalmediaactivitieswereincluded,thatestimatewouldnodoubtrise.

C)Teensdidnotalwaysspendthatmuchtimewithdigitalmedia.Onlinetimehas

doubledsince2006,andsocialmediausehasmovedfromaperiodicactivitytoadaily

oneinthesameperiod.By2016,nearlynineoutoftenyoungwomeninthe12th

gradesaidtheyvisitedsocialmediasiteseveryday.Meanwhile,timespentplaying

videogamesrosefromunderanhouradaytoanhourandahalfonaverage.Oneout

oftenAmerican8thgradestudentsin2016spent40hoursaweekormoreplaying

videogames.Letmeemphasizethatthisisequaltothetimemostadultsspendper

weekatwork.

D)Ifteensarespendingsomuchtimeusingelectronicdevices,doesthatmeanthey

havetogiveupsomeotheractivities?Maybenot.Overtheyears,manyscholarshave

insistedthattimeonlinedoesnotnecessarilytakeawaytimespentengagingwith

traditionalmediaoronotheractivities.Somepeople,theyargue,arejustmore

interestedincertainkindsofmediaandentertainment.Thus,usingmoreofonetype

ofmediadoesnotnecessarilymeanlessoftheother.

E)Thatmaybetrue,butthatstilldoesnottellusmuchaboutwhathappensacross

awholegenerationofpeoplewhentimespentondigitalmediagrows.Large

surveysconductedoverthecourseofmanyyearstellusthatAmericanyouthare

notgoingtothecinemanearlyasoftenastheydidinthepast.While70percentof

electronicdevices.Whyisthisaproblem?Onereasonisthatgoingtothecinemais

generallyasocialactivity.Now,watchingmoviesissomethingthatmostteensdoalone.

Thisfitsalargerpattern.Inanotheranalysis,researchersfoundthattoday'steensgo

outwiththeirfriendsmuchlessoftenthanpreviousgenerationsdid.

F)Butthetrendsrelatedtomoviesarelessdisturbingcomparedwiththechange

inhowteensspendtheirtime.Researchhasrevealedanenormousdeclineinreading.

In1980,about60percentofseniorhighschoolstudentssaidtheyreadabook,

newspaperormagazineeverydaythatwasnotassignedforschool.By2016,only16

percentdid.Thisisahugedropanditisimportanttonotethatthiswasnotmerelya

declineinreadingpaperbooks,newspapersormagazines.Thesurveyallowedfor

readingmaterialsonadigitaldevice.

G)Indeed,thenumberofseniorhighschoolstudentswhosaidtheyhadnotreadany

booksforpleasureinthelastyearwasoneoutofthreeby2016.Thatistriplethe

numberfromtwodecadesago.Fortoday'syouth,books,newspapersandmagazines

havelessandlessofapresenceintheirdailylives.Ofcourse,teensarestillreading.

Buttheyaregenerallyreadingshorttexts.Mostofthemarenotreadinglongarticles

orbooksthatexploredeepthemesandrequirecriticalthinkingandreflection.Perhaps

notaccidentally,in2016readingscoreswerethelowesttheyhaveeverbeensince

1972.

H)Thismightpresentproblemsforyoungpeoplelateron.Whenhighschoolstudents

goontocollege,theirpastandcurrentreadinghabitswillinfluencetheiracademic

performance.Imaginegoingfromreadingtextsasshortasoneortwosentencesto

tryingtoreadentirebookswrittenincomplexlanguageandcontainingsophisticated

ideas.Readingandcomprehendinglongerbooksandchapterstakespractice,

and

Americanteensarenolongergettingthatpractice.

I)Sohowcanthisproblembesolved?Shouldparents

andteacherstakeawayteenss

smartphonesandreplacethemwithpaperbooks?Probablynot.Researchhasshown

thatsmartphonesarecurrentlyAmericanteens'mainformofsocialcommunication.

theydonow.Dataconnectingexcessivedigitalmediatimetomentalhealthissues

suggestsalimitoftwohoursadayoffreetimespentwithscreens,arestrictionthat

willalsoallowtimeforotheractivities—likegoingtothemovieswithfriendsorreading

longer,morecomplicatedtexts.

J)

Thelatterisespeciallyimportant.Iwouldarguethatofallthechangesbrought

aboutbythewidespreaduseofdigitaldevices,thehugedeclineinreadingislikelyto

havethebiggestnegativeimpactontoday'steensbecausereadingbooksandlonger

articlesisoneofthebestwaystolearncriticalthinking.Ithelpspeopletounderstand

complexissuesandtoseparatefactfromfiction.Thus,deepreadingiscrucialfor

beingagoodcitizen,asuccessfulcollegestudentandaproductiveemployee.If

seriousreadingdies.alotwillgowithit.

36.Manyyears'surveysrevealthatyoungpeopleinAmericaaregoingtothecinema

muchlessoftenthantheyusedto.

37.SurveyanalysisshowsAmericanteensnowspendtheirleisuretimeondigital

devicesratherthanreadingprintedbooks.

38.Thenumberofseniorhighschoolersnotreadingbooksforpleasureinayear

increasedthreetimesover20years.

39.Manyscholarsclaimthatspendingtimeonelectronicdevicesdoesn'tnecessarily

meanadecreaseoftimeforotheractivities.

40.Mostpeoplespendmuchmoretimeinteractingwithdigitalmediathantheydid

tenyearsago.

41.Theauthorclaimsthatitwillbeagreatlossifwenolongerreadbooksandlonger

articles.

42.Overadecadeorso,Americanteens'socialmediauseshiftedfromanoccasional

activitytoaroutineone.

43.AmoredisturbingtrendinAmericatodayisthatteensarespendingfarlesstime

readingthanaroundfourdecadesago.

44.Somefiveyearsago,highschoolseniorsinAmericagenerallyspentmorethansix

earliergenerations.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysome

questionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked

A),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorresponding

letteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Haveyoueverwonderedhowacceptableitistohugortouchsomeone?Whileit

maysoundsafetoavoidallphysicalcontactsoasnottooffendanyone,thelackof

touchingmightimplycoldattitudesorindifferenceininterpersonalrelationships.

So,whatshouldwedo?Thesimpleansweristothoroughlylearnuniquecultural

normsforphysicalcontact.Innonverbalcommunicationterminology(

術(shù)

語(yǔ)),physicalcontactandthestudyoftouchingaregenerallyreferredtoashaptics.

Hapticsincommunicationoftensuggestthelevelofintimacy.Theyareusually

classifiedintotwogroups:high-contactandlow-contact.

AsiaandquitesurprisinglytheUnitedStates,CanadaandBritainbelongtolow-

contactcultures.Peoplefromtherestoftheworld,suchasLatinAmerica,are

consideredtobeinhigh-contactcultures,wheretheytendtoexpecttouchinginsocial

interactionsandfeelmorecomfortablewithphysicalcloseness.Despitethe

classification,therearemorecomplexfactorssuchasrelationalcloseness,gender,age,

andcontextthatcanaffecthowsomeoneviewsphysicalcontact.

OnecommonFrenchcustomofgreetingsischeek-kissing,ismostlyrestricted

itbut

tofriends,closeacquaintancesandfamilymembers.Whilecheek-kissingforLatin

oftenonlyhappensbetweenwomenoramanandawomanbutnottwomen.

Incontrast,incertainArabian,African,andAsiancountries,mencanpubliclyhold

handsorshowphysicalaffectionassignsofbrotherhoodorfriendshipwhilethese

behaviorsmaysuggestaromanticrelationshipinotherpartsoftheworld.Although

men'stouchingismorenormalinthesecultures,physicalcontactbetweenpersonsof

oppositesexeswhoarenotfamilymembersisnegativelyperceivedinArabian

countries.Thesefactorscoulddefinitelyaffectthedegreetowhichsomeoneis

comfortablewithtactile觸覺的)communicationandphysicalintimacy.Therefore,if

(

youaresomeonewholovestoshowphysicalaffection,youshouldnotbeafraidto

showitordrasticallychangeyourbehaviorsjustaskforconsentbeforehand!

46.Whatdoestheauthorsayinthefirstparagraphaboutphysicalcontact?

A)Itsroleininterpersonalrelationshipsisgettingincreasinglyimportant.

B)Itisbecomingmoreacceptabletomanywhousedtothinkitoffensive.

C)Itsabsencemightsuggestalackofwarmthininterpersonalrelationships.

D)Itmightpromptdifferentresponsesfrompeopleofdifferentsocialbackgrounds.

47.Whatdoesphysicalcontactincommunicationsuggest?

A)Whatsocialclasspeoplebelongto.

B)Howcivilizedthecommunicatorsare.

C)Whatfamilybackgroundpeoplecomefrom.

D)Howclosethecommunicators'relationshipsare.

48.Whatdowelearmaboutpeopleinhigh-contactcultures?

A)Theyaresensitivetothewaypeopleexpresstheiremotions.

B)Theytaketouchingasaculturalnorminsocialinteractions.

C)Theyattachgreatimportancetoclosetiesamongpeople.

D)Theytendtobemoreopenininterpersonalrelationships.

B)Non-traditionalromanticrelationshipsaresimplyunacceptable.

C)Physicalcontactbetweenunfamiliarpeopleisnegativelyperceived.

D)Peopleofdifferentagesandgendersshowaffectionindifferentways.

50.Whatdoestheauthortellustodoconcerningtactilecommunication?

A)Layemphasisonnonverbalcommunication.

B)Learntouseappropriatebodylanguagefirst.

C)Payattentiontothedifferencesbetweengenders.

D)Takeotherpeople'spreferenceintoconsideration.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Fromclimatechangetotheongoingpandemic(

大流行病)andbeyond,theissues

facingtoday'sworldareincreasinglycomplexanddynamic.Yetsolvingproblemslike

theserequiresnewapproachesthatextendbeyondtraditionalwaysofthinking.A

studyledbyYaleProfessorofPsychology,PaulO'Keefe,foundthathavingagrowth

mindset(思維傾向)ofinterestmaysparkthistypeofinnovation.

ProfessorO'Keefeestablishedinearlierstudiesthatpeopleholddifferentbeliefsabout

thenatureofinterest.Thosewithagrowthmindsetofinteresttendtobelievethat

interestscanbedevelopedandcultivated,whilethosewithafixedmindsetofinterest

tendtobelievethatinterestsareinherent與生俱有的)andsimplyneedtobe'found.'

(

Buildingonthese

findings,thelatestresearchexaminedhowagrowthmindsetofinterestcanboost

integrativethinkingacrossthetraditionaldisciplinaryboundariesofartsandsciences.

Forexample,inonetask,researchparticipantswereinstructedtocreatenewcollege

majorsbycombiningtwoormoreexistingacademicArtsorScienceprogramsattheir

university.Aftercodingandanalyzingtheideastheygenerated,theteamfoundthat

peoplewithagrowthmindsetofinterestweremorelikelytobridgeprogramsacross

AsProfessorO'Keefepointedout,"Thisresearchprovidesausefuldirectionfor

organizationswhoseproductsandservicescallforintegratedandcreativesolutions.

Takesmartphonesforexample.Youneednotonlycomputerscienceandengineering

knowledge,butalsoanunderstandingofpsychologyandvisualdesigntocreatea

betterproduct.Employeeswithagrowthmindsetmaybemorelikelytodevise

innovativeideasthatbridgemultipleareasofknowledgetoachievebettersolutions."

Thebenefitsofagrowthmindsetofinterestmayalsoextendtothoseseeking

employment.Thisisapressingissuebecausemanypeoplearebecomingunemployed

duetotheCOVID-19pandemic.Havingagrowthmindsetofinterestcanhelpjob

seekersexpandtheirinterestsandbecomemoreadaptabletodifferentfields,andtake

theinitiativetolearnnewskills.

51.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheworldtoday?

A)Itface