人教版必修五Unit-1《Great-scientists-Reading》課件

Reading1標題添加點擊此處輸入相關文本內容點擊此處輸入相關文本內容總體概述點擊此處輸入相關文本內容標題添加點擊此處輸入相關文本內容2WarmingUp

Therearesomegreatscientificachievementsthathavechangedtheworld.Canyounamesomeofthem?Whatkindofroledotheyplayinthefieldofscience?Dotheseachievementshaveanythingincommon?Matchtheinventionswiththeirinventorsbelowbeforeyouanswerallthesequestions.3AlexanderBellelectricityThomasEdisontheFirsttelephoneLaiteBrotherstheelectricLampMadameCurieblackholesinUniverseFranklinTheoryofGravityStevenHawkingtheFirstPlaneElbertEinsteinRadiumIsaacNewtontheTheoryofRelativity4QuizQuestions(P1)1.Archimedes,AncientGreek(287-212BC),amathematician.Hefoundthatifyouputanobjectintowaterthewaterpushestheobjectup.Itrisesandpartlyfloats.Theforceofthewaterpushingitupisthesameastheweightoftheobject.阿基米德(Archimedes)52.CharlesDarwin,Britain(1808--1882)

TheOriginofSpecieswaspublishedin1859.Itexplainedhowplantsandanimalshadchangedovertimetofitinwithachangingenvironment.Atthetimeitwaspublisheditwasverycontroversial.ManypeoplebelievedtheBiblewhenitsaidthatGodmadethefirsttwopeople(AdamandEve)andthatallotherpeoplecamefromthesetwo.CharlesDarwin6

Darwin'sbookshowedthatpeoplehaddevelopedfromapesinstead.Sothiscausedalotofargumentbetweenreligiousandscientificpeople.HoweverDarwin'sideabecameveryinfluentialandisstillacceptedtoday.73.ThomasNewcomen,British(1663--1729)HeimprovedthefirststeampumpbuiltbyThomasSaveryin1698andturneditintoasteamenginefortakingwateroutofminesin1712.JamesWattimproveditstillfurtherinthe1770sturningitintothefirstmodernsteamengineusedontherailways.84.

GregorMendel,Czech(1822-1884)Hegrewpeaplantsanddevelopedideasonheredity(遺傳學)andinherited(繼承,承傳)characteristics.Heconcentrated(集中精力)oncross-fertilizing(施肥)peaplantsandanalyzingtheresults.Between1856--1863hegrew28,000peaplants.

GregorMendel9

Heexaminedsevenkindsofseedandplantcharacteristicsanddevelopedsomelawsofinheritance(承傳的規(guī)則).Thefirstisthatinheritancefactorsdonotcombinebutarepassedtothenextgenerationintact(完整的).Second,hefoundthateachpartnergiveshalftheinheritedfactorstotheyoung.10Third,someofthesefactorsshowupintheoffspring(子孫)(andsoaredominant顯性的).Theotherfactorsaremaskedbythedominantones(andsoarerecessive隱性的).

115.MarieCurie,PolishandFrench(1867--1934)ShewasborninPolandandcametostudyinFrancein1891andshelivedtherefortherestofherlife.In1898shediscoveredradium.ShereceivedtwoNobelprizes,one(withPierreCurie)forphysics(1903)andoneforchemistry(1911).MarieCurie12

Sheistheonlypersontohavebeensohonored.OnthedeathofherhusbandshetookoverhisjobattheSorbonneinParis.Herworkonradioactivityandthediscoveryofradiummeantthatshebegananewscientificareaofresearch.13ShewasthefirstwomantoreceiveaNobelPrizeandthefirstwomantoteachattheSorbonne(索邦神學院:巴黎大學前身).14

6.ThomasEdison,American(1847-1931)Hewasalreadyaninventorofotherelectricaldevices(phonograph電唱機,electriclightbulb)whenin1882hedesignedasystemforprovidingNewYorkwithelectricityfromacentralpowerstation.Thiswasatremendousachievement,whichhadpreviouslybeenthoughtimpossible.ThomasEdison157.LeonardodaVinci,Italian(1452-1519)Hewasafamousartistwhoseskillforshowinghumanskintonesmadehispaintingsseemtocomealive.Heusedtostudydeadpeopleinordertomakehispaintingsasaccurateaspossible.LeonardodaVinci16Someofhisfamouspaintingsinclude"TheAdorationoftheMagi"andthe"TheLastSupper".LaterinhislifehelivedinFrancewherehedesigned

asubmarineandaflyingmachine.178.SirHumphryDavy,British(1778-1829)Hedidresearchintodifferentgasesanddiscoveredthemedicinalvalueofnitrous(麻醉)oxide(氧化物)(orlaughinggas)asananaesthetic(麻醉劑).In1815hedevelopedasafetylampforminers.HumphryDavy18Previouslytherehadbeenmanyaccidentswhencandlesontheminers'helmetshadexplodedwhenitcameintocontactwithundergroundgasfromthecoaltheminersweredigging.Thesafetyhelmetmadeworkingundergroundverymuchsafer.19

9.ZhangHeng,Chinese(78-139)He

inventedthefirstseismograph(測震儀、地震儀)toindicateinthedirectionofanearthquake.Itwasintheshapeofacylinder(圓筒形)witheightdragonheadsroundthetop,eachwithaballinitsmouth.張衡地動儀20Aroundthebottomwereeightfrogsdirectlyunderadragon'shead.Whenanearthquakeoccurred,aballfelloutofthedragon'smouth,makinganoise.21

10.StephenHawking,British(1942--)Hehasworkedinastronomyandstudiedblackholesinspace.Hehasshownthatblackholesdonotonlyabsorbeverythingaroundthembut,fromtimetotime,throwoutmatteraswell.

StephenHawking22Thismaymarkthebeginningofnewgalaxies.Thisisanadvanceontheoldtheorywhichsaidthatblackholes"eat”everythingtheycomeacross.23LeadinginSupplythefollowingwordswithdetail.

JohnSnow

Cholera24JohnSnow(1813-1858)JohnSnowwasborninYorkonMarch15th,1813,theoldestofninechildren.YorkLondon25Hisfatherworkedasalaborer.Whilepoor,hisparentsweredeterminedtogivetheirchildrenwhatevereducationalopportunitiestheycouldafford.Hewaseducatedataprivateschoolinhisnativecityuntiltheageoffourteen,whenhewasapprenticed(當學徒)toWilliamHardcastle,asurgeon(外科醫(yī)生)livingatNewcastle-on-Tyne.26Afterservingforashorttimeasasurgeonandunqualifiedassistantduringthecholeraepidemicof1831-1982,hebecameinOctober1836astudentattheHunterianSchoolofmedicineinGreatWindmillStreet,London.HebegantoattendthemedicalpracticeattheWestminsterHospitalinthefollowingOctober.27183637383940184541424344HegraduatedM.D.oftheUniversityofLondonon20Dec.1844,andin1850hewasadmittedalicentiateoftheRoyalCollegeofPhysicians.

28Hedesignedachloroforminhaler(氯仿吸入器),describedinhisbook,OnChloroformandotherAnesthetics,publishedin1858.Dr.Snowwasalsoaprominentanesthesiologist(麻醉師)Whatelsewashefamousfor?29WhatisCholera?CholeraistheillnesscausedbyabacteriumcalledVibriacholerae.Itinfectspeople’sintestines(腸),causingdiarrhea(腹瀉),vomitingandlegcramps.30Themostcommoncauseofcholeraisbysomeoneeatingfoodordrinkingwaterthathasbeencontaminatedwiththebacteria.31Afteradisaster,thisisaveryrealdanger,sinceregular,cleanwaterandfoodsuppliesareoftenunavailable.Thediseasecanbespreadevenfurtherbyinfectedpeopleusingalreadydirtywatersourcestocleanthemselvesordisposeofwaste.32Choleracanbemildorevenwithoutsymptoms,aseverecasecanleadtodeathwithoutimmediatetreatment.Thediarrheaandvomitingbroughtonbytheinfectionquicklyleavesthebodywithoutenoughfluid.Thefollowingdehydration(脫水)andshockcankillapersonwithinhours.33Lookatthepicture,thetitleandthemap,guesswhatisthecontentofthetext?Thenskimitquicklytoseeifyouwereright.34Whenwewanttosolvesomeproblem.Firstweshouldfindtheproblem,dosomeresearchonit,proveyourfinding,andthenmakeaconclusion.Thisisascientificandobjectivewayofresearching.1.Whatorderwouldyouputthesevenin?Pre-reading35Infectiousdiseasescanbespreadtootherpeople.Theyhaveanunknowncauseandneedpublichealthcaretosolvethem.2.Whatdoyouknowaboutinfectiousdiseases?36Repel(回避)maybeexposedtoaninfectiousdiseases,somayanimals,suchasbirdflu.AIDS,SARSareinfectiousdiseases.Infectiousdiseasesaredifficulttocure.37CholeraistheillnesscausedbyabacteriumcalledVariancholera.Ifinfectspeople’sintestines(腸胃),causingdiarrhea,vomitingandlegcramps(腹痛).3.Whatdoyouknowaboutcholera?38Themostcommoncauseofcholeraisbysomeoneeatingfoodordrinkingwaterthathasbeencontaminated(污染)withthebacteria.39Choleracanbemild(不嚴重的)orevenwithoutsymptoms(癥狀),butaseverecasecanleadtodeathwithoutimmediatelytreatment.40Firstweshouldfindtheproblem.Then,thinkofamethod.Weshouldcollectasmuchinformationaspossible.4.Doyouknowhowtoproveanewideainscientificresearch?41Analyzingresultsisthemostimportantstage.Beforewemakeaconclusion,itisnecessaryforustorepeatsomestagesorprocesses.42GermanyGreatBritainDeathoffirstcholeracaseinLondonduringthe1848-49epidemicLondonPreviouscholeraepidemicinGreatBritainin1831-32Thespreadofcholera43“…Ifoundthatnearlyallthedeathshadtakenplacewithinashortdistanceofthepump.”deathSnowoncholera44Snowsuspectedcontaminationofpumpwater.Small,white,flocculentparticles45ParagraphStagesGeneralideas1FindaproblemThe________ofcholeracausesComprehending

462Theorytwo:Whenpeople_______choleraintotheirbodieswithmeals,theirbodieswereattackedandsoontheydied.Theoryone:Cholera________intheairanddangerousgasfloatedarounduntilitfounditsvictims.Makeupaquestionmultipliedabsorbed473ThinkofamethodTo_____thesecondtheorywascorrect.prove4845CollectresultsSomeinformationwas_________onhowmanypeoplediedandwheretheygotwater.Analyseresults________thewatertoseeifthatisthecauseoftheillness.gatheredAnalyse4967RepeatifnecessaryWithextra_______,itwasannounceddefinitelythat_______watercarriedcholera.MakeaconclusionPollutedwaterspreadcholera.“KingCholera”was_________.evidencepolluteddefeated50MakeaconclusionThinkofamethodCollectresultsMakeupaquestionFindaproblemAnalysetheresultsRepeatifnecessary①③②④⑤⑥⑦51Readthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswers.1.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Toshowushowdifficultitwastofindacureforcholera.B.TotellushowJohnSnowfoundthecauseofcholeraandthecureforit.C.Toshowushowdifficultitwastocarryoutexperimentsatthattime.D.Totellusthewaycholeraspreadandhowseriousitwas.B522.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A.JohnSnowbecamefamousaftercholerahitEnglandinthe19thcentury.B.JohnSnowbegantocollectinformationlongbeforecholerahitEnglandinthe19thcentury.C.Themotherandherdaughtermenti