2022屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)（湖南版）信息的表述

第25講信息的表述

2(湖南省長沙市一中2011屆高三月考七)AccordingtothesurprisingfindingsofanewstudybyU.S.investigators,chewingsugarlessgumduringclassandwhiledoinghomeworkcanhaveapositiveeffectonacademicperformanceinteenagers.3StudyleaderCraigA.JohnstonoftheChildren'sNutritionResearchCenteratBaylorCollegeofMedicineinHouston,Texas,andhiscolleaguesstudiedmorethan100eighth-gradestudents,52girlsand56boys,agedbetween13and16years,infourmathclasses.Theexpertsrandomly(任意地)assignedteenagersintotwogroups:onegroupwasaskedtochewWrigley'ssugar-freegumduringclass,whiledoinghomework,andalsowhileperformingastandardizedtest.Theychewedatleastonestickofgum86percentofthetimetheywereinmathclassand36percentofthetimetheyweredoinghomework.Theparticipantsoftheothergroupdidnot.4Johnstonandhisteamfoundthat14weekslater,thegumchewershada3percentincreaseintheirmathscoresontheTexasAssessmentofKnowledgeandSkillsachievementtest,asmallbutstatisticallysignificantchange,accordingtoexperts.TherewasnodifferencefoundinmathscoresbetweentheparticipantsinthetwogroupsinanothertestcalledtheWoodcockJohnstonⅢTestsofAchievement.However,theexperimentrevealed(展現(xiàn))thatgum-chewershadbetterfinalgradesintheclasscomparedtotheirnon-chewingpeers(同齡人).AccordingtoJohnston,chewinggumreducesstressandanxietyaswellasitincreasesarousal(興奮).5Researcherssaythatthestudiesandresearcharefocusedoninvestigatingtheeffectofchewinggumonfocus,alertness,concentration,situationalstress,weightcontrolandoralhealth.Accordingtothem,thestudyisreallymeaningfulandshouldraiseinterestinparents“whenrelatedtosmallstepsthatcanleadtobetteracademicperformance.”Thenewstudyisbeingbuiltonpreviousresearchthatwasconductedinalaboratorysettingandshowedthatgumchewingcanhelpreducestress,improvealertnessandrelieveanxiety.Thecurrentfindings,forthefirsttime,provideapossibleroleforchewingguminhelpingtoimproveacademicperformanceina“reallife”classroomsetting.6

Asurprisingfinding—chewinggumresultsin1.________Ⅰ.Purposeofthestudy:Toinvestigatetheeffectofchewinggumonfocus,alertness,concentration,situationalstress,weightcontroland2.________.7Ⅱ.Theresearch:◆Researchers:Craig A.Johnstonand3.________◆Participants:4.________eighth-gradestudentsagedbetween13and16years◆Contents:8◆Results:●Gum-chewers'mathscoresincreasingby8.________ontheTexasAssessmentofKnowledgeandSkillsachievementtest●9.________intheWoodcockJohnstonIIITestsofAchievementbetweenthetwogroups●Gum-chewershavingbetterfinalgradesⅢ.Researchers'Analysis:◆Chewinggumreduces10.________.◆Chewinggumincreasesarousal.

該文為說明文。主要講述的是科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)青少年在上課期間或在做家庭作業(yè)時口嚼口香糖對學(xué)習(xí)成績提高有積極作用。思路點(diǎn)撥10【答案及解析】1.betteracademicperformance/highermarks概括改寫題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，尤其是第一段內(nèi)容可推知。

2.oralhealth直接題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Researcherssaythatthestudiesandresearcharefocusedoninvestigatingtheeffectofchewinggumonfocus,alertness,concentration,situationalstress,weightcontrolandoralhealth.可得知。11【答案及解析】3.hiscolleagues/team直接題。根據(jù)第二段StudyleaderCraigA.JohnstonoftheChildren'sNutritionResearchCenteratBaylorCollegeofMedicineinHouston,Texas,andhiscolleaguesstudied…可得知。

4.over100/morethan100直接題。根據(jù)第二段…morethan100eighth-gradestudents,52girlsand56boys,agedbetween13and16years,infourmathclasses.可得知。12【答案及解析】5.14weeks直接題。根據(jù)第三段Johnstonandhisteamfoundthat14weekslater可得知。

6.mathclass(es)直接題。根據(jù)第二段Theychewedatleastonestickofgum86percentofthetimetheywereinmathclassand36percentofthetimetheyweredoinghomework.可得知。13【答案及解析】7.Chewingnogum/Notchewinggum改寫題。根據(jù)第三段theexperimentrevealed(展現(xiàn))thatgum-chewershadbetterfinalgradesintheclasscomparedtotheirnon-chewingpeers(同齡人)可得知。

8.3percent直接題。根據(jù)第三段第一句Johnstonandhisteamfoundthat14weekslater,thegumchewershada3percentincreaseintheirmathscores…可得知。14【答案及解析】9.Nodifference/(Almost)thesame直接題。根據(jù)第三段TherewasnodifferencefoundinmathscoresbetweentheparticipantsinthetwogroupsinanothertestcalledtheWoodcockJohnstonⅢTestsofAchievement.可得知。

10.stressandanxiety直接題。根據(jù)第三段chewinggumreducesstressandanxiety…

理解是前提，而表述是目的和歸宿。要正確有效地表述信息要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

一、注意文字的簡潔性有以下幾個規(guī)律可循：

(1)用名詞所有格形式“'s”代替介詞of。如Citizens'longerliving就巧妙地運(yùn)用了名詞所有格形式“'s”，如用of,則變成了thelongerlivingofcitizens,在字?jǐn)?shù)上不符合要求。(2)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。如“The‘graying’oftheUnitedStates”，在表達(dá)時運(yùn)用詞性轉(zhuǎn)換技巧，將原來的名詞gray轉(zhuǎn)換成現(xiàn)在分詞時，含有動態(tài)意義，表示“逐漸變老”，言簡意賅。(3)句子結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換。主要通過加工壓縮信息抓住要點(diǎn)。言簡意賅，擊中要害。因此怎樣加工壓縮信息就成了廣大考生必備的一種技能。一般的，閱讀填空題要掌握以下幾種技能：①詞形變形能力。主要是看其前后的動詞形式再作確認(rèn)。如果前后都是動詞原形那就不變；如果前后是v.-ing形式，那就要隨其變形。②刪減多余詞匯能力。一般主要是刪去不影響主要意思表達(dá)的修飾詞匯。如形容詞、副詞、冠詞等等。如今年湖南高考的第76題刪去了creating；第79題去掉了修飾形容詞various。③以群體代替?zhèn)€體。如有的將a/an＋n.變?yōu)槠鋵?yīng)的復(fù)數(shù)形式。④原意改換能力。或用同義或近義詞代替；或用反義詞或派生詞改換；或用從句改寫，或用意思接近的名詞短語代替原句較長的句子。如今年高考題第73題。原句是Somecanhelpfindtherightschoolsbasedonone'sinterests.在例舉式表格中Findtherightschoolsthatone__73__.根據(jù)原句basedonone'sinterests可得知答案用同意句改寫替換。即：is/becomesinterestedin或shows/takes/hasinterestin；再如短文中的