藥物化學(xué)CJ-06-解痙藥及肌肉松弛藥物教學(xué)課件

外周神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)藥物◎(擬膽堿藥cholinergicdrugsα抗膽堿藥anticholinergicdrugs腎上腺素受體激動劑adrenergicreceptoragonists組胺H受體拮抗劑histamineHlreceptorantagonistsα局部麻醉藥localanesthetics概述中樞神經(jīng)抑制藥:鎮(zhèn)靜催眠藥等中樞神經(jīng)中樞興奮藥:咖啡因等神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)傳入神經(jīng):局部麻醉藥外周神經(jīng)傳出神經(jīng):傳出神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)藥運(yùn)動神經(jīng)一骨骼肌傳出神經(jīng)植物神經(jīng)一心肌、血管平滑肌、腺體遞質(zhì)(transmitter):當(dāng)神經(jīng)沖動到達(dá)神經(jīng)末梢時,在突觸部位從末梢釋放出的化學(xué)傳遞物。遞質(zhì)傳遞神經(jīng)的沖動和信號,與受體結(jié)合產(chǎn)生效應(yīng)。去甲腎上腺素(NA)傳出神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)遞質(zhì)乙酰膽堿(Ach)乙酰膽堿的作用乙酰膽堿(Acetylcholine,ACh)化學(xué)遞質(zhì)絕大多數(shù)傳出神經(jīng)纖維遞質(zhì)N-O乙酰膽堿的生物合成qUYuMitochondrion(1Acetylcholine(ACh)ismadeAcetylCAcetylcholine2InthesynapticcleftAChisrapidlywnbytheenzymetheaxonterminalandisusedAcetatetomakemoreAchAcetylcholinesterase(AChE)Postsynaptic乙酰膽堿受體的分類毒蕈堿型受體(M受體:M1,M2,M3,M4,M5)膽堿受體煙堿型受體(N受體:N1,N2)NT(CH3)3H3cCH3MuscarineNicotineM受體(毒蕈堿型受體)對毒蕈堿(Muscarine)較敏感口位于副交感神經(jīng)節(jié)后纖維所HO,支配的效應(yīng)器的細(xì)胞膜上H2cN(CH3)3心臟活動抑制(M2),平滑肌收縮(M3)muscarine腺體分泌增加(M1、M3)瞳孔縮小(M3)老年癡呆(M1)N受體(煙堿型受體)對煙堿(Nicotine)比較敏感口位于神經(jīng)節(jié)細(xì)胞和骨骼肌細(xì)胞膜上N1受體位于神經(jīng)節(jié)突觸后膜,可引起自主神經(jīng)節(jié)的節(jié)后神經(jīng)元興奮,腎上腺素釋放增加?！鯪2受體位于骨骼肌終板膜,可引起運(yùn)動終板電位,導(dǎo)致骨骼肌收縮。HNnicotine膽堿能神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)用藥分類擬膽堿藥抗膽堿藥作用于一膽堿受體乙酰膽堿酯酶抗膽堿藥Anticholi