【課件】高考復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解之主旨大意題課件

e7d195523061f1c0f0ec610a92cff745ee13794c7b8d98f8E73673273C9E8BE17CC3D63B9B1D6426C348A354AD505654C28F453CD7C8F90EADD06C08281DAED7140E5AAAED5880ECE414DFB6A93B82BE019406867034C3A8500A4827DCF3FBF74A471B736410707E336A01C9ADC9BE02ACCB8DF2121D81636A067B8AE80C6AB6F014154F4E7B7247閱讀理解-主旨大意題e7d195523061f1c0f0ec610a92cff745ee13794c7b8d98f8E73673273C9E8BE17CC3D63B9B1D6426C348A354AD505654C28F453CD7C8F90EADD06C08281DAED7140E5AAAED5880ECE414DFB6A93B82BE019406867034C3A8500A4827DCF3FBF74A471B736410707E336A01C9ADC9BE02ACCB8DF2121D81636A067B8AE80C6AB6F014154F4E7B724701導(dǎo)入02解題方法導(dǎo)入識(shí)別主旨大意題標(biāo)志詞：subject,topic,theme,title,mainidea,mainlyaboutWhichisthebest

titleforthetext?Whatwouldbethemost

suitabletitleforthetext?Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthethemeofthepassage?Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthispassage?Whatisthetext/passagemainlyabout?Whichofthefollowing

bestsummarizedthepassage?Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?解題步驟1讀題干圈劃題目中心詞、梳理選項(xiàng)含義2讀文章閱讀首尾段，確定中心句，分析中心句含義3找答案圈畫中心句的中心詞，定位選項(xiàng)解題方法高頻詞查找法首尾段定位法（看首段+看尾段）通讀全文首尾段定位法看首段看尾段首尾段結(jié)合看首段首尾段定位法-看首段【例題】Today’sworldisnotaneasyadjustmentforyoungadults.Akeyskillsetforsuccessispersistence

（毅力）,characteristicthatresearcherssayisheavilyinfluencedbyfathers.ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthatfathersareinauniquepositiontohelptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence.BYUprofessorsLauraPadilla-WalkerandRandalDayarrivedatthesefindingsafterfollowing325Americanfamiliesoverseveralyears.Andovertime,thepersistencegainedthroughfathersledtohigherachievementinschool.“Therearerelativelyfewstudiesthatstresstheuniqueroleoffathers,”Padilla-Walkersaid.“Thisresearchalsohelpstoprovethatcharacteristicssuchaspersistence--whichcanbetaught--arekeytoachild’slifesuccess.”Researchersdeterminedthatdadsneedtopracticean“authoritative”parentingstyle.Authoritativeparentingisnotauthoritarian:rigid,demandingorcontrolling.Rather,anauthoritativeparentingstyleincludessomeofthefollowingcharacteristics:childrenfeelwarmthandlovefromtheirfather;responsibilityandthereasonsbehindrulesarestressed;childrenaregivenanappropriatelevelofautonomy（自主權(quán)）.Inthestudy,about52percentofthedadsexhibitedabove-averagelevelsofauthoritativeparenting.keyfindingisthatovertime,childrenraisedbyanauthoritativefatherweresignificantlymorelikelytodeveloppersistence,whichleadstobetteroutcomesinschool.Thisparticularstudyexamined11to14-year-oldslivingintwo-parenthomes.Yettheresearcherssuggestthatsingleparentsstillmayplayaroleinteachingthebenefitsofpersistence,whichisanavenueoffutureresearch.首尾段定位法-看首段【例題】Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ThreeCharacteristicsofAuthoritativeFathersB.KeySkillsforYoungAdultstoSucceedinFutureC.ChildrenTendtoLearnDeterminationfromFatherD.FamilyRelationshipInfluencesSchoolPerformanceNotallofuswerebornprettyorhandsome!Youmaybehopeforagoodlook,butthishasnothingtodowithyourweight,size,shapeorskin.Agoodlooktakescultivating（培養(yǎng)）what’swithinyou.Hereareafewtipsonhowtobegin.

We’repayingmoreattentiontoourappearancethanourmind.Ifwespenthalfasmuchtimenoticingourmind,wewouldbealothealthierinmind.Thinkabouthowmuchtimethefashionindustrypaystomakeyoubelievethatyoushouldinvest（投資）inyourmind—knowyourvalueandchangeyourworld.

Howdoyoutakecareofyourmind?Youcandoitbyspendingtimelearningwhoyouareandwhatyouradvantagesare.FindyouradvantagesandyouMlbecomefearless.Makeuseofthegiftsyou’vebeengiven.Bemodest,friendlyandgenerous.Workhardandrealizeyourdream.

Paymoreattentiontothosepeoplewho’remostimportantinyourlife:thoseyoulove.Don’tfocuson（集中）yoursizeorweight.Don’tletitstealtimethatshouldbespentonthosewhoyoulovebecauseyouarepreoccupiedwithallthedisadvantages.Saygood-byetotheoldwayandtrysomethingnew.Runamarathon,writeapoem,playaninstrumentortalkwithalovedone.Don’tlookatsomeoneatthesportscenter,onthemagazineorthemodelsonthebeachtojudgeyourself.

Onlyonethingisnecessarytobeagainsttherulesthatrequireweshouldbethintobevalued.Weshouldhaveachoicetolive,reallyliveafullandcolorfullifewhereyou’resatisfiedwithwhoyouare,nothowyoulook.首尾段定位法-看首段【即學(xué)即練】Whatdoestheauthormainlytalkabout?

A.Beingthinisn’tgoodthingB.Howtocultivatebeautyinside

C.HowtochangeourappearanceD.Weshouldtryhardtokeephealthy看尾段首尾段定位法-看尾段【例題】Therehavebeenbigchangesintheattitudesofmostparentsoverthelastfewyears.Physicalpunishmentisbannedinschoolsinmostcountries,andinmanycountries,therearemovestobanallphysicalpunishmentofchildrenevenathome.However,manyparentsstillbelievethattheyhavetherighttousesomephysicalpunishmentstodealwithcertainmisbehavioratcertainages.

It’seasytofindreasonstoallowsomephysicalpunishments.Oneissueisthatmanyparentsfinditverydifficulttoabandonphysicalpunishmentcompletely.Parentsarguethatthiswasthewaytheywerebroughtupandthatitdidn’tdoanyharmtothem.Theybelievethatforthechild’ssaketheyhavetherighttodisciplinethechildinanywaytheyconsiderfit,includingusingsomephysicalpunishments.Theotheroneisthatphysicalpunishmentcanbequickandeffective.Thereisnotmuchpointreasoningwithascreamingchildinthesupermarket.

However,thereareseveralreasonswhyweshouldstopusingphysicalpunishment.Onepointisthatmostparentsarenottrainedtodealwithmisbehavingchildren.Theydon’thaveenoughresourcesorchoicestohandlethesituation.Asaresult,theyimmediatelyreactbyhittingthechildevenifthereareothersolutionstotheproblem.Anotherpointisthatunlesspeoplearechallengedorforcedtochangetheirbelief,theymaykeepfollowingnegativehabits.Anexampleisseatbeltuse—nowmostpeoplewearseatbeltswithoutthinking,whileyearsagotheideaofusingseatbeltswasstrangetomostpeople.Inthesameway,banningphysicalpunishmentwillforcepeopletochangetheirhabits.

Inconclusion,parentshavetochangesomeoftheirbeliefandideasabouthowchildrenshouldberaised.Itispossibletoavoidtheuseofphysicalforce,anddoingsowillhelpusmoveclosertothedreamofremovingviolencefromoursociety.首尾段定位法-看尾段【例題】Themainpurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageisto________talkaboutabanonusingphysicalpunishmenttellusshouldeducateourchildreninotherwaysC.adivseparentstogiveupusingphysicalpunishment.D.suggestphysicalpunishmentshouldbeusedathome.首尾段定位法-看尾段【即學(xué)即練】Ihavealwaysthoughtofmyselfasadoer.Inwork,Icertainlywasandcontinuetobe.Asamom,I’mmostlyadoer.However,mytreatmentforbreastcancermademerealizeIhadn’tbeenadoerinthewayIwantedtobe—butthatwasaboutto

change.

IhavebeenafraidofflyingsinceIworkedinnewsandcoveredmanyplanecrashes（墜毀）(andhadmyownhorrificexperience)myfamilyhadneverbeentoanothercontinenttogether.Nowthatthechemo（化療）wasover,asagiftformyself,mykidsandmom,ItookthemalltoLondontocelebratelifebeforebeginningradiation（放療）everyweekdayforsixweeks.

ThistimeImadeadecisionnottothinktoomuchaboutit.Whenyoulookinthemirrorwithouthair,youdoyourbesttogetthroughyourdaysasthoughitwereadaybeforeyoudiscoveredyourlump.Theneverythingseemsdoable.SoIjustbookedthetrip(withsomeextrahats).

ourflighttoBritainAirwayswasmybestever.Idon’tknowifitwasthesizeoftheplane,thecomfortoftheseats,theTVsorthefamilyfriendlinessthatmadethetimeflybyforme.Oneveryflight,Isayaquickhellotothepilot,whichclamsme.Thistimethepilotstookextratimetoexplainthemapsandweatherpatternsandclammedown.Thatcertainlyhelped,orwasitpossiblethatchemocuredthisfeartoo?WestayedinLondon‘sWestEndatTheWaldorfHilton.EverydayIplannedadifferentadventure,everythingfromtoursofBuckinghamPalaceandWindsorCastletotheoriginalbustour.

MyboysmaynowknowasmuchaboutEnglishcastlesandpalacesandWinstonChurchillastheydoaboutsports.Theylearnedandlovedeveryminute–andshockingly,theydidn’tcomplain.Ihadwantedtodoatriplikethisforyears.Lifeandworkhadgottenintheway.Now,despitelifeandwork,wehadfinallydoneit.Iplannedthisincredibletripduringchemoandwillplanthenextoneduringradiation.Ihavethoroughlyenjoyedfamilylearningbyliving,butnothingbeatsknowingthatmykidsloveandfeelgratefulforthetrip.Oneday,perhaps,they’llrealizethatsometimesthebestadventurescomeaftersurvivingyourgreatestfears.首尾段定位法-看尾段【即學(xué)即練】Thebesttitleforthetextwouldbe______?A.CancerGetsintheWayB.SurvivingtheFearC.LivingaPlainLifeD.ASuccessfulDoerasMom首尾段結(jié)合首尾段定位法-首尾段結(jié)合【例題】

Thenexttimeyougettheurgetothrowacoinintoalake,river,streamoreventhefountain（噴泉）inyourneighborhoodfor

goodluck,resistitforyourgoodfortunemaynotbesogoodforthereceiveroftheforeignobject.Notconvinced?Youwillbewhenyouseewhattheseriouseffectofyearsofcointhrowinghasdoneonthe

MorningGlory.OnceregardedasoneoftheprettiestandmostfamouspoolsinYellowstoneNationalPark.MorningGlorywasnamedafterthebeautifulblueflower,whosedistinctcolorwasattributedtothermophilic(喜溫的)bacteriathatgrewfastinthepool’shotwater.However,todayitisamixofyellow,greenandalittleoftheoriginalblue.Whileitmayappeartobemorecolorful,thereasonforthecolorchangeisnotgood.Overthepastyears,thethoughtlessthrowingofcoins,stones,rocksandevenbottles,hasblockedthepool‘s

openingfortheescapeofheat.Consequently,thetemperatureofthepoolhascooleddownconsiderably,whichinturnkilledthebacteria,causingthebrightbluetofade.Now,differentkindsofalgae(藻類)andbacteriahavetakenover,resultinginthecurrentrainbowofcolors.Expertsbelievethattheyellowbacteriaaretakingoversorapidlythatinafewyears,theentirepoolwillbeasicklyorangeincolor.Thoughtheauthoritieshavetriedtoremovetheoffensiveitems,theyhavenothadmuchsuccessinrestoringthepooltoitsoriginalglory.Topreventfurtherdamage,theyhavefencedoffthelake,sothattouristscannotgotoonearitandalsoplacedasignappealingtothemnottoturnthis

MorningGlory

intoa

“FadedGlory”.

So,thenexttimeyouarethinkingofthrowingthatcoin---thinktwice!首尾段定位法-首尾段結(jié)合【例題】23.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ThrowingThatCoinforMakingaWishIsUseless!B.GoodFortuneDestroystheBeautyofMorningGlory!C.ThinkTwiceBeforeThrowingCoinsForGoodLuck!D.BeCarefulofBacteriaTakingoverthe“FadedGlory”!首尾段定位法-首尾段結(jié)合【即學(xué)即練】Badnewssells.Ifitbleeds,itleads.Nonewsisgoodnews,andgoodnewsisnonews.Thosearetheclassicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsandthemorningpapers.Butnowthatinformationisbeingspreadandmonitored(監(jiān)控)indifferentways,researchersarediscoveringnewrules.Bytrackingpeople'se-mailsandonlineposts,scientistshavefoundthatgoodnewscanspreadfasterandfartherthandisastersandsobstories."Theifitbleeds'ruleworksformassmedia,"saysJonahBerger,ascholarattheUniversityofPennsylvania."Theywantyoureyeballsanddon'tcarehowyou'refeeling.Butwhenyoushareastorywithyourfriends,youcarealotmorehowtheyreact.Youdon'twantthemtothinkofyouasaDebbieDownerResearchersanalyzingword-of-mouthcommunication一e-mails,Webpostsandreviews,face-to-faceconversations一foundthatittendedtobemorepositivethannegative(消極的)，butthatdidn'tnecessarilymeanpeoplepreferredpositivenews.Waspositivenewssharedmoreoftensimplybecausepeopleexperiencedmoregoodthingsthanbadthings?Totestforthatpossibility,Dr.Bergerlookedathowpeoplespreadaparticularsetofnewsstories:thousandsofarticlesonTheNewYorkTimes'website.HeandaPenncolleagueanalyzedthe"moste-mailed"listforsixmonths.Oneofhisfirstfindingswasthatarticlesinthesciencesectionweremuchmorelikelytomakethelistthannon-sciencearticles.HefoundthatscienceamazedTimes'readersandmadethemwanttosharethispositivefeelingwithothersReadersalsotendedtosharearticlesthatwereexcitingarfunny,orthatinspirednegativefeelingslikeangeroranxiety,butnotarticlesthatleftthemmerelysad.Theyneededtobearoused(激發(fā))onewayortheother,andtheypreferredgoodnewstobad.Themorepositiveanarticle,themorelikelyitwastobeshared,asDr.Bergerexplainsinhisnewbook,"Contagious:WhyThingsCatchOn”首尾段定位法-首尾段結(jié)合【即學(xué)即練】25.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.SadStoriesTravelFarandWideB.OnlineNewsAttractsMorePeople.C.ReadingHabitsChangewiththeTimes.D.GoodNewsBeatsBadonSocialNetworks段落首句法段落首句法【例題】

Longbusridesareliketelevisionshows.Theyhaveabeginning,amiddle,andanendwithcommercialsthrownineverythreeorfourminutes.Thecommercialsareunavoidable.Theyhappenwhetheryouwantthemornot.Everycoupleofminutesabillboardglidesbyoutsidethebuswindow."BuySuperCleanToothpaste."DrinkGoodWetRootBeer."FillupwithPacificGas."Onlyifyousleep,whichisequaltoturningthetelevisionsetoff,areyousparedtheunendingcryof"YouNeedIt!BuyItNow!"

Thebeginningoftherideiscomfortableandsomewhatexciting,evenifyou'vetraveledthatwaybefore.Usuallysomethingshavechangednewhouses,newbuildings,sometimesevenanewroad.Thebusdriverhasastyleofdrivingandit'sfuntotrytofigureitoutthefirsthourorso.Ifthedriverisparticularlyreckless(魯莽的)ordaring,theridecanbeasthrilling(驚心動(dòng)魄的)asasuspensestory.Willthedriverpassthetruckintime?Willthedrivermoveintotherightorthelefthandlane?Afterawhile,ofcourse,theexcitementdiesdown.Sleepingforawhilehelpspassthemiddlehoursoftheride.Foodalwaysmakesbusridesmoreinteresting.Butyou'vegottobecarefulofwhatkindoffoodyoueat.Toomuchsaltyfoodcanmakeyouverythirstybetweenstops.

Theendoftherideissomewhatlikethebeginning.Youknowitwillsoonbeoverandthere'sakindofexpectationandexcitementinthat.Theseatofcourse,hasbecomeharderasthehourshavepassed.Bynowyou'vesatwithyourlegscrossed,withyourhandsinyourlap,withyourhandsonthearmrestsevenwithyourhandscrossedbehindyourhead.Theendcomesjustatnomorewaystosit.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?Togivethewriter'sopinionaboutlongbustrips.B.Topersuadeyoutotakealongbustrip.C.

Toexplainhowbustripsandtelevisionshowsdiffer.D.Todescribethebillboards（廣告牌）

alongtheroad.段落首句法【即學(xué)即練】In1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere66novelspublishedinBritain.Peoplehadbeenwritingnovelsforacentury—mostexpertsdatethefirstnovelto

RobinsonCrusoe

in1719—butnobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam-poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy（識(shí)字）

rateinEnglandwasunder50%.Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors,oftenwithsomethinglike“Byalady.”

Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoral,orjustplainbad.In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—wereheldupasmoraltouchstones.TodayDickens’greatnessisunchallenged.Removinghimfromthepantheon（名人堂）

ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingoffthe

MonaLisa.HowdidDickensgettothetop?Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literatureisanumbersgame,andthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.Some60,000novelswerepublishedduringtheVictorianage,from1837to1901;todayacasualreadermightbeabletonameahalf-dozenofthem.It’spartlytruethatDickens’styleofwritingattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.It’spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.Butit’salsothatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimselfatthecenter.Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguishedwriter.Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?Torememberagreatwriter.TointroduceanEnglishnovel.C.Toencouragestudiesonculture.D.TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage.高頻詞查找法高頻詞查找法【例題】

Goinggreenseemstobefad(時(shí)尚)foralotofpeoplethesedays.Whetherthatisgoodorbad,wecan’treallysay,butforthetowofus,goinggreenisnotafadbutalifestyle.

OnApril22,2011,wedecidedtogogreeneverysingledayforanentireyear.Thismeantdoing365differentgreenthings,anditalsomeantchallengingourselvestogogreenbeyondeasythings.Ratherthanrecycleandreduceourenergy,wehadtothinkof365differentgreenthingstodoandthiswasnoeasytask.

Withtheideaofgoinggreeneverysingledayforayear,OurGreenYearstarted.MywifeandIdecidedtoeducatepeopleabouthowtheycouldgogreenintheirlivesandhopedwecouldshowpeopleallthegreenthingsthatcouldbedonetohelptheenvironment.Wewantedtopushthemessagethateverylittlebithelps.

OverthecourseofOurGreenYear,wecompletelychangedourlifestyle.Wenowshopatorganic(有機(jī)的)stores.Weconsumelessmeat,choosinggreenfood.Wehavegreatlyreducedourbuyingwedon’tneed.Wehavegivenawayhalfofwhatweownedthroughwebsites.Ourhomeiskeptcleanbyvinegarandlemonjuice,withnochemicalcleaners.Wemakeourownbutter,enjoyingthesmellofhome-madefreshbread.Inourhomeofficeanyonecaughtdoingsomethingungreenmightbepunished.

OurmindshavebeenchangedbyOurGreenYear.Wearegratefulforthechancetohavebeenabletogogreenandeducateothers.Webelievethatwedoha