【公開(kāi)課】Unit+5+Discovering+useful+structures人教版（2019）必修第二冊(cè)

GrammarLessonWelcometoclass!GrammarThePastParticipleusedas

theAdverbialUnit5Music過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)Lookatthefollowingsentencesandunderlinethepastparticiples.1.BornintheUSAon2January1970,WhitacrebeganstudyingmusicattheUniversityofNevadain1988.2.Movedbythismusic,hesaid,“Itwaslikeseeingcolorforthefirsttime.”3.Inspired,heaskedhisfanstomakevideos…

-edformsusedastheadverbial（狀語(yǔ)）

①

BornintheUSAon2January1970,WhitacrebeganstudyingmusicattheUniversityofNevadain1988.Bornin過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)在句中作狀語(yǔ)

，邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子主語(yǔ)W，表狀態(tài)②

Movedbythismusic,hesaid,“Itwaslikeseeingcolorforthefirsttime.”Movedbythismusic過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，在句中作狀語(yǔ)

，邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子主語(yǔ)he

，表被動(dòng)③

Inspired,heaskedhisfanstomakevideos.Inspired過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)

，邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子主語(yǔ)he，表被動(dòng)

tip1：

過(guò)去分詞做狀語(yǔ)，與句子主語(yǔ)成邏輯關(guān)系，表被動(dòng)或者狀態(tài)（記憶）。Payattentiontotheunderlinedwords.Whataretheirfunctions?Theyusethesameflag,knownastheUnionJack.We'rehavingourcarrepaired.KnownastheEmeraldIsle,Irelandattractssomanyvisitors.LocatedintheeastofAsia,Japanisadevelopedcountry.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)后置定語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)/前置定語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞表示_________________，作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或者情況，在意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)_______從句，其省略的主語(yǔ)（邏輯主語(yǔ)）是_________的主語(yǔ)，且與主語(yǔ)之間存在________關(guān)系。Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.邏輯主語(yǔ)被動(dòng)關(guān)系完成或被動(dòng)狀語(yǔ)主句被動(dòng)過(guò)去分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)1.過(guò)去分詞作______狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，相當(dāng)于____狀語(yǔ)從句?？稍谶^(guò)去分詞前加上連詞“________________”等，使其______意義更明確。Lookedatfromadistance,thepaintingseemsmuchmorebeautiful．→Whenitislookedatfromadistance,thepaintingseemsmuchmorebeautiful．當(dāng)從遠(yuǎn)處看時(shí)，這幅畫似乎更美了。時(shí)間時(shí)間when,while,until時(shí)間過(guò)去分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)2．過(guò)去分詞作_______狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可轉(zhuǎn)換為由______________________引導(dǎo)的______狀語(yǔ)從句，這類狀語(yǔ)多放在句子的前半部分。Worriedabouttheexam,Iwasunsettledinthesedays．→BecauseIwasworriedabouttheexam,Iwasunsettledinthesedays．由于擔(dān)心考試，我這幾天感到不安。原因since,because或as原因過(guò)去分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)5．過(guò)去分詞作_______________狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常不能轉(zhuǎn)換為狀語(yǔ)從句，但可用_________________代替。Thepatientgotoffthebed,supportedbythenurse．→Thepatientgotoffthebed,andhewassupportedbythenurse．那個(gè)病人在護(hù)士的攙扶下下了床。Sheacceptedthegift,deeplymoved．→Sheacceptedthegift,andshewasdeeplymoved．她接受了禮物，深深地被感動(dòng)了。并列分句方式或伴隨現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別邏輯關(guān)系(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的_______________________。Notknowingwhattodo，hewenttohisparentsforhelp.主謂關(guān)系/主動(dòng)關(guān)系(2)過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的______________________。Given

moreencouragement，theboycouldhavebeenbetter.動(dòng)賓關(guān)系/被動(dòng)關(guān)系系表結(jié)構(gòu)(3)部分過(guò)去分詞來(lái)源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不表示“被動(dòng)關(guān)系”，其前不用being。常見(jiàn)的這種過(guò)去分詞及短語(yǔ)有：seated(坐著的)，lost/absorbedin(沉溺于)，bornin(出生于)，dressedin(穿著)，tiredof(厭煩了)等。

Absorbedin

hisbusiness,hehadlittletimetohavefunwithhislittledaughter.(beabsorbedin)__________（出生于）thisbeautifultown，hehatestoleaveit.Bornin有些過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不表動(dòng)作而表狀態(tài)。bedressedin

穿著belostin

沉浸在bedevotedto

致力于besupposedto

應(yīng)該belocatedin

位于beburiedin

專心于becomparedwith與...相比beseated

位于；坐下

bepreparedfor

打算...bedeterminedtodo決定做betiredof

厭煩beabsorbedin

專心于be

born

in…

出生于beoccupiedin

忙于…V-ed與V-ing作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：用法3.V-ed與V-ing作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：Weare____________(interest)inthefilm.Thefilmis____________(interest)

tous.Michellesounded__________(excite)tohearthenews.Thenewssounded__________(excite).過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的狀態(tài)，常譯作“感到……的”；現(xiàn)在分詞多表示事物具有的特性，常譯作“令人……的”。interestedinterestingexcitedexciting系表與被動(dòng)的區(qū)別用法2.V-ed作表語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別:V-ed作表語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或狀態(tài)，相當(dāng)于形容詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，句子主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，后面常跟byEg：Thelibraryisnowclosed.圖書館現(xiàn)在關(guān)閉了。Thecupwasbrokenbymylittlesisteryesterday．昨天我妹妹把杯子打碎了。(系表：狀態(tài))(被動(dòng)：動(dòng)作)1.___________(absorb)

indeepthought,hedidn’thearthesound.因?yàn)槌两谒伎贾?所以他沒(méi)聽(tīng)到那個(gè)聲音。2._______inwhite,shelooksmorebeautiful.(dress)AbsorbedDressedPractiseontextBookRewritethestoryusingpastparticiplesastheadverbial.TheSilverHallisusuallyusedforsingingperformancesandisfullofcheersandenergy.Usuallyusedforsingingperformances,theSilverHallisfullofcheersandenergy.EXAMPLEPractiseontextBook1.Henrywashighlyinterestedinmusicandbegantowriteoriginalcompositionswhenhewasinhighschool.Highlyinterestedinmusic,Henrybegantowriteoriginalcompositions...2.TheywerepleasedwithhismusicandsongsandfinallyinvitedhimtoperformintheSilverHall.Pleasedwithhismusicandsongs,theyfinallyinvitedhimtoperformintheSilverHall.PractiseontextBook3.Thoughhewasaffectedbygradualblindnesssoonaftertheperformance,Henrywasstillcapableofwritingcompositionsandhefoundthatcreatingmusicwasareliefandcureforhisillness.Thoughaffectedbygradualblindnesssoonaftertheperformance,Henrywasstillcapableof...4.Whenhegotabsorbedinhisworldofmusic,hefeltasifhecould"see"thebeautyoftheworldaroundhim,likehehadinhispreviouslife.Absorbedinhisworldofmusic,hefeltasif...PractiseontextBookTheroomhadbeenpaintedindarkcoloursDavewasunemployedThegirlwasmovedbyhisromanticwordsHewascorrectedbyhisteacherfromtimetotimeThealbumwasrecordedinanewwayHewasinvitedtoperformonthestagesohehadtimetoconsiderwhatjobhereallywanted.sohefeltnervousandexcited.soitwasexpectedtobepopularwithtechnofans.sosheacceptedhisgift.soitneededsomebrightlights.sohelostinterestinsinging.PractiseontextBookCompletethepassagewiththewordsinbracketsintheircorrectforms.Wellknownasasuccessfulband,theImpactmembersshowquiteafewstrikingqualities.Theyneverevergiveup.When__________(question)bythemedia,theyarenot____________(discourage)andpractiseevenharder.Theyareimprovingthemselvesbyattendingseveralmastertrainingclasses.Theyareunited.__________(fillwith)teamspirit,theyactasawhole,alwaysaimingforglory(榮耀).questioneddiscouragedFilledwithSummaryandPractice

過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)（修飾動(dòng)詞）時(shí),與主語(yǔ)之間存在著動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)可表___________________________________________________________等情況。過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式、伴隨、背景或讓步1.作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(一般置于句首或句尾)_________(compare)with/tooursmallapartment/flat,ouruncle’shouseseemedlikeapalace._______(see)fromthetopofthehill,thestadiumlookslikeabirdnest.

從山頂上看,體育場(chǎng)好像一個(gè)鳥巢。

Compare:_______(see)amouserunacrosstheroom,thegirlscreamedwithfear（害怕地尖叫）.

SeenSeeing(現(xiàn)在分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))Compared

Well___________(know)forhisexpert(專業(yè)的)advice,hereceivedmanyinvitationstogivelectures.Compare:__________(know)Englishwell,hetranslatedthearticlewithoutmuchdifficulty.knownKnowing(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ),beknownfor,省略be)(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ))時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(When)_______(leave)aloneathome,theboymadealotoftrouble.(When)_________(leave)theairport,theywavedagainandagaintous.(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))Leaving(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))Left2.作原因狀語(yǔ)(一般置于句首)___________(worry)aboutthejourney,

Iwasunsettled(不安的)forthefirstfewdays.Compare:_____________(feel/be)worriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.WorriedFeeling/Being(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ))(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ))beworriedabout，省略be3.原因狀語(yǔ)

Well___________(know)forhisexpert(專業(yè)的)advice,hereceivedmanyinvitationstogivelectures.Compare:__________(know)Englishwell,hetranslatedthearticlewithoutmuchdifficulty.knownKnowing(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ),beknownfor,省略be)(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ))4.作條件狀語(yǔ)(一般置于句首)______(give)anotherchance,hecoulddomuchbetter.(If)______(heat),waterchangesintosteam（蒸汽）.

Compare:(If)________(heat)water,youcanchangeitintosteam.Let'sDiscussandAnalyzeTogetherGivenHeatingheated(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作條件狀語(yǔ))5.作方式、伴隨或背景狀語(yǔ)(置于句后)Harryjuststoodthere,_______(lose)inthought.Compare:Shelistenedtothemusic,_______(lose)herselfinitsbeauty.lostlosing(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)伴隨作狀語(yǔ))leftunderstanding(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作讓步狀語(yǔ))(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)伴讓步狀語(yǔ))6.作讓步狀語(yǔ)(置于句首)

Although_______(leave)aloneathome,thelittlegirldidn’tfeelafraidatall.Compare:

Though___________(understand)noSpanish,shewasabletocommunicatewiththeotherstudents.區(qū)分謂語(yǔ)和非謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)do/does/did一般態(tài)be+doing進(jìn)行態(tài)have+done完成態(tài)doingV情+do情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be+done被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)donetodoTodo的用法解析todo將來(lái)/目的/臨時(shí)一次性1.名詞前有first,last,next,only等詞以及最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，其后要用動(dòng)詞不定式。Shewasthefirstwoman

（win）thegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.2.抽象名詞attempt,ability,chance,desire,determination,decision,plan,way或不定代詞something，nothing后面常用不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。ButJanishastheabilityanddesire

(do)usefulwork.Istillhavesomething(eat).towintodotoeat3.當(dāng)名詞與定語(yǔ)之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)。Iusuallyhavealotofmeetings__________.(join)Sheisaniceperson________________(getalongwith).togetalongwithtojoinDoing&Done現(xiàn)在分詞&過(guò)去分詞doing動(dòng)名詞：確定/進(jìn)行/長(zhǎng)期現(xiàn)在分詞:動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在分詞doing一般表__________/；過(guò)去分詞done一般表__________。動(dòng)名詞doing表功能用途。readingroom,swimmingpool,washingmachine,waitingroom,walkingstick.doing&done1)Theman________(talk)toTimishisuncle.2)Haveyoureadthe

novel

_________(write)byDickens?3)Behindthelibraryis__________(swim)pool.主動(dòng)/進(jìn)行/用途被動(dòng)/完成swimmingtalkingwritten現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)1.LearningEnglishisverydifficult.2.Ienjoydancing.3.Ihavegotusedtolivinginthecountry.Hisjobisdrivingabus.LookattheExamplesdonevt:被動(dòng)/完成vi:完成1.Pollutedriver.2.Givenmoretime,Icandomyworkbetter.3.I

found

mywatchstolen.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)todoShegotupveryearly(inorder)tocatch

（catch）upthefirstbus.Irushedtotheairport,onlytofind

（find）thatJohnhadgone.

Wewereastonished（驚訝的）

tofind(find)thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.doingThesecretary（秘書）workedlateintonight,preparing

(prepare)alongspeech.Working(work)

hard,

you’llmakerapidprogress

inyourEnglishlearning.doneSeen

(see)fromthehill,theparkseemsmorebeautiful.作狀語(yǔ)區(qū)分目的結(jié)果原因主動(dòng)被動(dòng)With的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)認(rèn)識(shí)一下withwith介詞和......一起e.g.HewenttoBeijingwithhisparents.

Thegirlstoodtheresilently,withtearsinhereyes.隨著、由于......后接賓語(yǔ)介詞+賓語(yǔ)介詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)GuessWhoIAM???AnalyzingExamplesTheysetupafootballteam,withTomtheirhead.with+賓語(yǔ)+名詞Withthewindowsopen,theroomwasverycold.With+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞Thesquarelooksmorebeautifulwithallthelightson.with+賓語(yǔ)+副詞With

coming,theweatherbecomesveryhot.表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行with+賓語(yǔ)+V-ingwith+賓語(yǔ)+V-edWiththeworkdone,hefeltgreatlyrelieved.表示被動(dòng)、完成Withsomuchworktodo