上海市2021年高考英語考試真題與答案解析

上海市2021年高考：英語考試真題與答案解析

i.ListeningSectionA

Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.

Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.The

conversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouheara

conversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyour

paper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.

i.A.Inachurch.B.Intheman'shome.

C.Inarestaurant.D.Inafurniturestore.

2.A.Shewasexcited.B.Shewasverynervous.

C.Shewasveryconfident.D.Therewassomethingwrongwithherheart.

3.A.Sheisfull.B.Shedoesn'tlikethatsnackbar.

C.Sheisill.D.Sheisgoingtoseethedoctor.

4.A.150pounds.B.l10pounds.C.50pounds.D.100pounds.

5.A.Hecouldn'tspellthewords.B.Hedidwellinspelling.

C.Hereckonedthatitwashardtosay.D.Hedidn'tdowellincontest.

6.A.Concerned.B.Satisfied.C.Relaxed.D.Depressed.

7.A.Theyaretalkingaboutaf計nesscoach.

B.Theyarediscussingabouttheformerfirm.

c.Theyaretalkingabouttheirformercolleague.

D.Theyaretalkingabouttheirfriends'school.

8.A.Youngpeopleweren'tsatisfiedwiththelecture.

B.Thelecturewasverysuccessful.

c.Drinkingwaterwasbannedinthelecture.

D.Thelecturemadepeoplefeelthirsty.

9.A.Theboss.B.Tom.C.Thewoman.D.Theman.

IO.A.Healreadyhasonecalculator.

B.Hedoesn,tlikethesolar-poweredcalculator.

c.Heisgoodatcalculating.

D.Hewouldliketohaveadifferentpresent.

SectionB

Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversation.

Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.The

passagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespoken

onlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper

anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.

Question11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

11.A.1938.B.1939.C.1942.D.1948.

12.A.BecausemostAustralianscouldn'taffordit.

B.Becausethewarbrokeout.

c.Becausetheflyingboatswereoutofdated.

D.Becauseland-basedaircrafthaddevelopedrapidly.

13.A.Thepriceofflyingboats.B.ThedevelopmentofRoseBay.

C.Thesurprisinghistoryofflyingboats.D.Theadvancementofflyingboats.

Question14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

14.A.Theyhavevariousskills.B.Theyarewellorganized.

C.Theycansolvedifficultproblems.D.Theyhavecreativeideas.

15.A.Disorderlinessmightresultincreativity.

B.Creativitymightleadtomessiness.

c.Smarterpeoplebelievethatcleanlinessisnotimportant.

D.Messinesshelpscultivatecreativity.

16.A.Thequalitiesofintelligentpeople.

B.Themisunderstandingofcreativity.

c.Therelationshipbetweencreativityandmessiness.

D.Thecomponentsofcreativity.

Question17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.

17.A.Anewresearchintothehumanbrain.

B.Theadvantagesofmenandwomen.

c.Thedifferentconnectionsinbraininmenandwomen.

D.Thestudyontwosidesofthebrain.

18.A.Inmen'sbrains,therearestrongerconnectionsintwosidesofthebrain.

B.lnmen'sbrains,therearestrongerconnectionsineachhalfofthebrain.

c.Theconnectionsinmen'sbrainarenotsostrongasthoseinwomen'sbrain.

D.Thereisnothingdifferentbetweenmaleandfemalebrain.

19.A.Multitask.B.Mapreading.C.Cycling.D.Performingasingletask.

20.A.Thedifferent-connectiontheoryisnotconvincing.

B.Heholdsaneutralattitudetotheresearchfindings.

c.Theconnectionsinsidethebrainwillnotchangeimmediately.

D.Hedisagreeswiththenewfindingsandthinkstheconnectioninsidethebrainis

complexandchangeable.

ii.Grammar&Vocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassage

coherentand

grammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththe

properformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseach

blank.

StartWiththeEndandWorkBackwards

WhenJasonHoelscherwasanundergraduateoffineartstudies,thereweren'tany

professionaldevelopmentclasses.Soambitionandthetimelyrealization(21)_he

wouldhavetodetermine"what'snext"onhisownurgedJasontoengagehis

futureselftofinddirection.Itwas1996,andhewasfinishinghisBFA(BachelorofFine

Art)inDenver.Hewasfacedwiththechoiceofsittingbacktowaitforsomething

(22)_(happen),orpursuingapathintotheunknown.Hechosethelatter.

Jasonsetupaplanthatinfiveyearshe(23)_(show)hisworkinthetopgalleryinthat

areaofthecountry.Thisfive-yeargoalgavehimastartingpoint(24)_whichto

workbackwards.

Bysettingthegoal,allofJason'sefforts(25)_(point)inthesamedirection.He

showedupatdi甘erentartshowopenings,andresearchedasbesthecould

tomake(26)_familiarw計hthemarketenvironment.

Asaresultofshowingup,Jasontookopportunities(27)_gothimclosertohisgoal.

HesentworktoastudentshowandwasacceptedbyRobinRule,theownerofRule

Gallery.(28)_(inspire)Jasonspentthenextmonthmakingnewwork.

InAprilof1997,JasonwentbacktoRuleGallerywithhisnewwork.(29)_scaredto

death,helookedconfidentatthegallerymeeting.Whenheleft,heleftasthe

newestadditiontotheRuleGalleryroster(花名冊),Hehadhisfirstexhibitionthereone

yearlater.

Jasoncouldhavestoppedwiththeshowselection,butwhathereallywantedwas

gallery

representation.Hestruckwhiletheironwashot,andin(30)_(do)so,shortenedhis

five-yearplanintoayear-and-a-half.

SectionB

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachword

canbeused

onlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.repetitiveB.continuallyC.alertsD.pa甘ern

E.locateF.mentalG.challengeH.network

1.evolvingJ.reverselyK.literacy

BillDraytonbelieveswe'reinthemiddleofanecessarybutpainfulhistorical

transition.Formillenniumsmostpeople'sliveshadacertain_31_.Youwenttoschool

tolearnatradeoraskill-baking,farmingoraccounting.Thenyoucouldgointothe

workforceandmakeagoodlivingrepeatingthesameskilloverthecourseofyour

career.

Butthesedaysmachinescandopre甘ymuchanythingthat's_32_.Thenew

worldrequiresadifferentsortofperson.Draytoncallsthisnewsortofpersonal

changemaker.

Changemakersarepeoplewhocanseethepatternsaroundthem,identifythe

problemsinanysituation,figureoutwaystosolvetheproblemsinanys計uation,

figureoutwaystosolvetheproblem,organizefluidteams,leadcollectiveaction

andthen_33_adaptassituationschange.

Forexample,AshokafellowAndresGallardoisaMexicanwholivedinahighcrime

neighborhood.Hecreatedanapp,calledHaus,thatallowspeopleto_34_with

theirneighbors.Theapphasapanicbuttonthat35everybodyinthe

neighborhoodwhenacrimeishappening.Itallowsneighborstoorganize,chat,

sharecrimestatisticsandworktogether.

Toformandleadthiscommun計yofcommunities,Gallardohadtopossesswhat

Draytoncalls"cognitiveempathy-basedlivingforthegoodofall."Cognitive

empathyistheabil計ytoperceivehowpeoplearefeelingin_36_circumstances.

"Forthegoodofall"isthecapacitytobuildteams.

Itdoesn'tmatterifyouareworkinginthecafeteriaortheinspectionlineofaplant,

companieswillnowonlyhirepeoplewhocan_37_problemsandorganizeresponses.

Millionsofpeoplealreadylivewiththemind-set.Butalotofpeoplestillinhabitthe

worldoffollowingrulesandrepetitiveskills.Theyhearsocietytellingthem:"We

don'tneedyou.Wedon'tneedyourkids,either."Ofcourse,thosepeoplego

intoreactionarymodeandstrikeback.

Thecentral_38—ofourtime,Draytonsays,istomakeeveryoneachangemaker.In

anearlierera,hesays,societyrealizeditneededuniversal_39_.Today,schools

havetodevelopthecurriculumsandassessmentstomakethechangemaking

mentalityuniversal.Theyhavetounderstandthisistheircriteriaforsuccess.

Ashokahasstudiedsocialmovementstofindouthowthiskindof_40_shiftcanbe

promoted.Itturnsoutthatsuccessfulmovementstakesimilarsteps.

m.ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrases

markedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththeworkorphrasethatbestfitsthe

context.

Morepeoplearetravellingthaneverbefore,andlowerbarrierstoentryandfalling

costsmeanstheyaredoingsofor_41_periods.

Theriseof“citybreaks"48-hourburstsofforeigncultures,easieronthepocketand

annualleavebalancehasincreasedtouristnumbers,butnottheir_42_spread.

ThesameattractionshavebeenusedtomarketcitiessuchasParis,Barcelonaand

Venicefordecades,andvisitorsusethesameinfrastructureasresidentstoreach

them."Toomanypeopledothesamethingattheexactsametime,“saysFont.

“Fo匚43_,thecitynolongerbelongstothem."

Thisstartswithmarketing,saysFont,whonotesthatAmsterdamhasstartedadvising

visitorstoseek44outsideofthecitycentreonitsofficialwebsite."Thattakes

someballs,really,todothat.Butonlysomanypeoplewilllookatthewebsite,andit

meanstheycansaytotheirresidentsthey'redoingalltheycan[toease

congestion].w

Butitalso_45abetterway,itiscalled“detourism”:sustainabletraveltipsan

46itinerariesforexploringanauthenticVenice,offthepathsbeatenbythe28

millionvisitorswhoflockthereeachyear.

Agreatervarietyof_47_forprospectivevisitors-----ideasforwhattodoinoff-

peakseasons,forexample,oroutsideofthecitycentercanhavetheeffectof

diverting

themfromalreadysaturatedlandmarks,or_48_shortbreaksawayinthefirst

place.Longerstays49thepressure,saysFont."IfyougotoParisfortwo

days,you'regoingtogototheEiffelTower.Ifyougofortwoweeks,you'renot

goingtogototheEiffelTower14times.M

Similarly,repeatvisitorshaveabe甘ersenseofthe50,“Weshouldbeasking

howwegettouriststo__51,nothowtogetthemtocomeforthefirsttime.Ifthey

'recomingforthefifthtime,itismucheasiertointegratetheirbehaviorwith

ours.”

Localgovernmentscanfosterthissustainableactivitybygivingpreferenceto

responsibleoperatorandevenhigh-payingconsumers.Fontsayscitiescouldstand

tobemoreselectiveaboutthetouriststheytrytoattractwhenthecurrentmetricfor

marketingsuccessishowmanythereare,andhowfarthey'vecome."You're

thinking,^eahbutatwhatcost'

HepointstounpublisheddatafromtheBarcelonaTouristBoardthatprioritizes

Japanesetouristsforspendinganaverageof640moreperdaythanFrenchtourist

asa(n)52thatfailstotakeintoaccounttheirbiggercarbonfootprint.53

touristsarealsomorelikelytoberepeatvisitorsthatcomeatoff-peaktimes,buy

localproduce,and_54_tolesscrowdedpartsofthecityallproductivesteps

towardsmore_55tourism,andmore

peacefulrelationswithresidents.

41.A.longerB.shorterC.widerD.clearer

42.A.environmentalB.nationalC.economicD.geographic

43.A.localsB.touristsC.visitorsD.cleaners

44.A.transportsB.accommodationC.restaurantsD.service

45.A.addressesB.pavesC.proposesD.receives

46.A.separateB.individualC.alternativeD.objective

47.A.reformB.guidanceC.invitationD.support

48.A.convincingB.discouragingC.preventingD.resisting

49.A.paceB.escapeC.withstandD.ease

50.A.cultureB.knowledgeC.entertainmentD.ability

51.A.takeoverB.bringupC.comebackD.layoff

52.A.distinctionB.harmonyC.associationD.comparison

53.A.FrenchB.ItalianC.SpanishD.German

54.A.carryoutB.giveintoC.spreadoutD.impacton

55.A.slightB.complexC.temporaryD.sustainable

SectionB

Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveral

questionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked

A,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgivenin

thepassageyouhavejustread.

(B)

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A.TOintroduceaskatingprogram.

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62.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

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B.Refundrequestscanbeacceptedwithin7daysaftertheregistration.

c.ParticipantswhosignupforLeboAlertcanreceivefreenotificationaboutthe

event.

0.Evaluationregistrationcanbedoneinperson,byphoneoron-line.

(C)

Everythingaboutnuclearenergyseemsterrificallybig:thecost,constructionand

decommissioning—andthefearsofsomethinggoingbadlywrong.

Thefuture,however,maywellbemuchsmaller.Dozensofcompaniesareworking

onanewgenerationofreactorsthat,theypromise,candelivernuclearpowerat

lowercostandreducedrisk.Thesesmall-scaleplantswillonaveragegenerate

between50MWand300MWofpowercomparedwiththe1,000MW-plusfroma

conventionalrector.Theywilldrawonmodularmanufacturingtechniquesthatwill

reduceconstructionrisk,whichhasplaguedlarger-scaleprojects.Supporters

believetheseadvancedmodularreactors(AMRs)—mostofwhichwillnotbe

commercialuntilthe2030s—arecriticalifatomicpoweristocompeteagainstthe

rapidlyfallingcostsofsolarandwind.

“Thephysicshasn'tchanged.Ifsaboutmuchclevererdesignthatoffersmuch-

neededflexibilityintermsofoperation,wsaidTimStone,long-termindustryadviser

andchairmanofNuclearRiskInsurers,whichinsuresnuclearsitesintheUK.

SincetheFukushimameltdowninJapanin2011,safetyfearshavethreatened

nuclearpower.Butthebiggestobstacletodayiseconomic.InwesternEurope,just

threeplantsareunderconstruction:intheUKatHinkleyPointCinSomerset;at

FlamanvilleinFrance;andatOlkiluotoinFinland.AllinvolvetheEuropean

PressurizedReactortechnologyofEDFthatwillbeusedatHinkleyPoint.Allare

runningyearslateandoverbudget.IntheUS,thefirsttwonuclearprojectsunder

wayforthepast30yearsarealsoblowingthroughcostestimates.

TheUK,whichopenedtheworld'sfirstcommercialnuclearreactorin1956,isoneof

thefewwesternnationscommittedtorenewing計sageingfleettoensureenergy

securityandmeettoughcarbonreductiontargets.Itisseenasaprovingground,by

manyintheindustry,ofnuclearpower!sabilitytorestoreconfidence.

However,thecountry1sagreementwithEDFtobuildtwoun計satHinkleyPoint——

whichtogetherwillgenerate3.2GWofelectricity——hascomeunderseverecriticism

overitscost.Thegovernmentislookingatdifferentfundingmodelsbutsaiditstill

seesnuclearpowerasvitaltothecountry'sfutureenergymix.Smallreactors,it

believes,havethepotentialtogeneratemuch-neededpowerfromthe2030s.

Anuclearsectordeal,unveiledlastmonth,promisedupto￡56minfundingfor

researchanddevelopmentintoAMRsandattractedinterestofstart-upsfrom

aroundtheworld.ThegovernmenthopesthefundingwillgivetheUKaleadinthe

globalracetodevelopthesetechnologies,helpingtoprovideenergysecuritywhile

alsocreatingamultibillion-dollarexportmarketforBritishengineeringcompanies.

63.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheadvancedmodularreactors(AMRs)?

A.AMRsproducemorepowerthantraditionalreactors.

B.Smallinscale,AMRsrosemoresafetyrisks.

c.Sofar,mostAMRshavenotbeenputintouseyet.

□.GovernmentspreferenergyofsolarandwindtothatofAMRs.

64.Inparagraph5,theauthormentionstheplantsinWesternEuropeandtheUSto_.

A.provethatnuclearpowerhasbeenthreatenedbysafetyconcern.

B.showthattheconstructionofnuclearpowerplantscostmorethatthebudget

available.

c.indicatetheconstructionofnuclearplantsareslowinspeed.

D.pointoutthatmostpowerplantshaveadoptedthelatestnucleartechnology.

65.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Somepeoplehavelostconfidenceinthedevelopmentofnuclearplants.

B.TheUKgovernmentseekstoreducethenegativeimpactofnuclearpoweronits

economy.

c.TheplantobuildtwopowerplantsinHinkleyPointhasbeendeserted.

D.Akindcostsforsmallmodularreactorswouldbehigherrelativetolargenuclear

reactors.

66.Whichofthefollowingcanserveasthebesttitleofthispassage?

A.Britaincountsonnuclearenergytokeeplightson

B.Traditionalnuclearplantsboomwithminireactors

c.Nuclear'sshareofpowergenerationremainsteady

D.Nuclearpowerlookstoshrinkitswaytosuccess

iv.SummaryWriting

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemain

point(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaras

possible.

Wherearethebees?

Beesareessentialtotheproductionoffoodweeat.Beesmakehoney,buttheyalso

pollinatelargeareasofcrops,suchasstrawberries,applesandonions.Aboutathird

ofthefoodweeatisaresultofpollinationofthebees.Unfortunately,beeshave

beendisappearingatanalarmingrate.

In2006,beekeepersstartedreportingaboutsomethingcalledColonyCollapse

Disaster(CCD).ThemainsignofCCDisthelossofadulthoneybeesfromahive.In

Octoberof2006,somebeekeepersreportedthattheyhadlostbetween30and90

percentoftheirhives.

Thereweremanytheoriesforthedisappearanceofthebees.Butthemost

convincingonehastodowithpesticidesandlifestylesofbeestoday.Nowadays,

beekeepergetmostoftheirincomenotfromproducinghoneybutfromrenting

beestopollinateplants.Thismeansthatthelifeofthetypicalbeenowconsistsof

travellingallaroundthecountrytopollinatecropsastheseasonschange.That

meansalotoftravelingontrucks,whichisverystressfultobees.Itisnotunusualfor

upto30%ofthehivetodieduringtransportduetostress.Inaddition,beesthat

spendmostoftheirtimelockedupontrucksarenotexposedtowhattheyusually

liveon.Instead,theyliveonasweetliquidfromcorn,usuallypollutedwithpesticides.

Theexactreasonforthedisappearanceofbeesisnotsure,butlosingbeesisvery

costlytotheeconomy.Thebeepollinationservicesareworthover$8billionayear.

Withnobees,pollinationwillhavetobedonebyhand,whichwouldhaveeffectson

thequalityoffoodandincreasedfoodpriced.Wehearalotaboutbig

environmentaldisastersalmosteveryday.Butoneofthebiggestmayjustbetheloss

ofthattinyflyinginsect.

v.Translation:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgivenin

thebrackets.

1.究竟是什么激發(fā)小王學習電子工程的積極性？（motivate）

2.網(wǎng)上支付方便了客戶，但是犧牲了他們的隱私。（atthecostof）

3.讓我的父母非常滿意的是，從這個公寓的餐廳可以俯視街對面的世紀公園，從起居室也可以

4.博物館疏于管理，展品積灰，門廳冷落，急需改善。（whose）

vi.Writing

WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgiven

belowinChinese.

假如你是明啟中學的李華，你的朋友李楠給你寫了一封信，告訴你他要開發(fā)一個新的APP,用這

個軟件共享衣服，想要征集大家的看法，你是否愿意共享你的衣服，給