認(rèn)知信息加工理論課件

CognitiveInformationProcessingTheory認(rèn)知信息加工理論---教技1301班黃瑩CognitiveInformationProc1InformationprocessingtheoryInformationprocessingtheoryisnotatheoryofnames,butreferredtoaclassoftheory.Informationtheoryhavecitedasaninformationprocessor,people'sbehaviorisaninformationprocessing,informationinput,encoding,processing,storage,retrievalanduseofprocess.InformationprocessingtheoryI2Overviewofcognitiveinformationprocessingtheory認(rèn)知信息加工理論認(rèn)為生涯發(fā)展就是看一個(gè)人如何做出生涯決策以及在生涯問題解決和生涯決策過程中如何使用信息的。

1991年，蓋瑞·彼得森(GaryPeterson)，詹姆斯·桑普森(JamesSampson)，羅伯特·里爾登（RobertReardon）合著了《生涯發(fā)展和服務(wù)：一種認(rèn)知的方法》（CareerDevelopmentandServices:ACognitiveApproach）一書，闡述了這一認(rèn)知信息加工的方法（簡稱CIP）。Overviewofcognitiveinformat3Hypothesis

ofinformationprocessingtheory信息加工理論的假設(shè)Virtuallyallinformationprocessingtheoristsbelievethatlearningisessentiallyformedbytheacquisitionanduseofinformation.Oneoftheirbasicpresumptionisthatbehaviorisdeterminedbytheinformationprocesseswithintheorganism.Duetothisflowofinformationisjustaguess,areneverdirectlyobserved.So,psychologistshaveconstructedavarietyofmodestodeducethisinformationflow;dependingonthetheoristwanttoexplainwhatkindofinternalprocesses.Maybeavailablemuchoftheinformationflowisvalid.ButinGeneral,theinformationprocessingtheoristsfocusedontwoissues:(1)thenatureofthehumanmemorysystemand(2)knowledgerepresentationandstorageofmemorysystems.Hypothesisofinformationproc4Classificationofinformationprocessingtheory信息加工理論分類從信息加工的角度來研究學(xué)習(xí)，起自不同的來源。有人認(rèn)為(Ellis，1978)，是受了格式塔記憶理論的影響，這種理論強(qiáng)調(diào)，有機(jī)體如何組織他們記憶的內(nèi)容，反映了他們是如何主動(dòng)地組織知覺的方式。也有人(Norman，1970)區(qū)分了對(duì)當(dāng)今信息加工理論有影響的三種理論：(1)由埃斯蒂斯和斯彭思等人最早提出的學(xué)習(xí)的數(shù)學(xué)理論(mathematicallearningtheories)；(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)以選擇性注意為起點(diǎn)、長時(shí)記憶痕跡為終點(diǎn)的信號(hào)探示理論(signaldetectiontheories)；(3)注重人工智能和計(jì)算機(jī)模擬的計(jì)算機(jī)模型理論(Computer-modeltheories)。Classificationofinformation5Coreofcognitiveinformationprocessingtheory認(rèn)知信息加工理論的核心(1)theinformation-processingpyramidmodelThetheoryofcareerdevelopmentandcounselingprocessasaprocessoflearninginformationprocessingcapacity.Theproposalinaccordancewiththetheoryofinformation-processingcharacteristicsconstituteapyramidofinformationprocessing.Locatedinthebaseofthetowerisanareaofknowledgeinthefield,includingselfknowledgeandprofessionalknowledge.Intermediateareasareareasofdecision-making,includingcommunication-analysis-synthesis-assessment-fivestagesofimplementation.Thetopareaistheareaofimplementation,alsoknownasmeta-cognition,Metacognitionisamanwithknowledgeabouttheirownthinkingandlearningactivitiesandcontrolsimplemented,itisanycognitiveprocessoftheregulationofcognitiveactivity,thatis,anycognitiveprocessandtheresultasanobjectofknowledge(Fulavell,1978).Includingspeech,selfawareness,selfcontrolandsupervision.Coreofcognitiveinformation6認(rèn)知信息加工理論ppt課件7（2）CASVE循環(huán)Thetheoryisthat,fieldsofknowledgecorrespondstothecomputer'sdatafile,weneedtostore.Decision-makingisacomputersoftwareprogram,letthestoredinformationtobeprocessed.Areaofimplementationcorrespondstothecomputer'scontrolfunctions,manipulatingthecomputeraccordingtotheinstructionexecutionprocedures.Decision-makingskillscanbeobtainedthroughafive-stagecircularmodel.Thefivestagesare:（2）CASVE循環(huán)Thetheoryisthat8·Tocommunicate(convey):individualsarebeginningtorealizethatproblemsdoexist;·Analysis(linkingthecomponentsoftheproblem):ananalysisofallinformation;·Anintegrated(formation):individualsdeveloppossiblesolutionsandtosearchforpracticalsolutions;·Evaluation(assessment):assessingtheprosandconsofeachoption,rankedorder;·Implement(policyenforcement):inaccordancewiththechoicemadetotheprogrammeofaction.·Tocommunicate(convey):ind9認(rèn)知信息加工理論ppt課件10Theevaluationofcognitiveinformationprocessingtheory對(duì)認(rèn)知信息加工理論的評(píng)價(jià)

該模型強(qiáng)調(diào)職業(yè)生涯咨詢是一個(gè)持續(xù)的學(xué)習(xí)過程，它區(qū)別于其他理論的最主要

方面是著重強(qiáng)調(diào)了認(rèn)知信息加工（CIP）的重要性。認(rèn)知信息加工金字塔模型為咨詢師提供了幫助來訪者的理論框架，決策制定的五階段循環(huán)模型可用于發(fā)展來訪者問題解決的能力，生涯決策能力的獲得可以被視為是一種學(xué)習(xí)策略。該模型不同于其它理論的地方還在于其強(qiáng)調(diào)了元認(rèn)知在生涯問題解決中的作用。促進(jìn)元認(rèn)知的發(fā)展也是該理論用于咨詢所強(qiáng)調(diào)的重要方面。Theevaluationofcognitivein11Theroleofcognitiveinformationprocessingtheory認(rèn)知信息加工理論的作用Psychologicaltheoriesofcognitiveinformationprocessingtheoryisarelativelynew,withitbecomingmorevalued,alsoenteredthefieldofcareerplanning.Thistheoryfocusesonpersonalcareercareerdecision-makingprocesshowtouseinformation,solvecareerproblems;theknowledgeareasinthecareerplanningprocessimproved,improvedcareerdecision,Metacognitiveskillimprovementisastrong