浙江師范大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院《211翻譯碩士英語》專業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題及詳解

2011年浙江師范大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解I. VocabularyandGrammar(30%,1.5pointseach)Directions:BeneatheachsentencetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswersonyourANSWERSHEET.1．Thesesmallfirms_____notlongagoinordertomeettheincreasingdemandsformoreelectricalappliances.A.clusteredB.assembledC.linkedD.amalgamated【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：為了應(yīng)對(duì)電子設(shè)備需求的增長，這些小公司前不久實(shí)現(xiàn)了合并。選項(xiàng)中四個(gè)單詞均有“聚集、合攏”的意思，但側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同。（機(jī)構(gòu)、公司）amalgamate合并。cluster（人）聚集。assemble集合；組裝。link聯(lián)系。因此，本題的正確答案為D。2．Myaunthasdecidedtospendher_____yearsinthesuburbsofShanghai.A.diminishingB.decliningC.reducingD.dwindling【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：我的阿姨決定在上海的郊區(qū)安度她的晚年。本題考查慣用搭配。選項(xiàng)中四個(gè)單詞均有“下降、減少”的意思，但只有decliningyears為慣用搭配，意為“晚年”。因此，本題的正確答案為B。3．Thematterisnottobe_____.A.watchedforB.waitedonC.takenoverD.trifledwith【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：這件事不容忽略。triflewith玩忽；怠慢。watchfor密切關(guān)注。waiton等待；觀望。takeover接手管理。因此，本題的正確答案為D。4．Attheimmortaltouchofthyhandsmylittleheartlosesitslimitsinjoyandgivesbirthtoutterance_____.A.touchableB.irresistibleC.marvelousD.ineffable【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：在你雙手的不朽的按撫下，我的小小的心，消融在無邊快樂之中，發(fā)出不可言說的詞調(diào)。ineffable難以形容的；妙不可言的。touchable可接觸的。irresistible無法抗拒的，誘惑人的。marvelous不可思議的；引起驚異的。因此，本題的正確答案為D。5．Fromthe_____ofthenegotiations,itwasclearthatitwouldbehardforthetwosidestoreachanagreement.A.outbreakB.outlookC.outsetD.onset【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：從談判一開始的情況來看，很明顯，雙方很難達(dá)成共識(shí)。onset開始，開端（尤指不愉快事情的開端）。outbreak爆發(fā)。outlook前景；觀點(diǎn)。outset開始，一般用在詞組attheoutset和fromtheoutset中，意為“一開始”。因此，本題的正確答案為D。6．_____inthepast,atthemomentitisafavoritechoiceforweddinggown.A.UnpopularhasaswhitebeenB.WhitehasbeenasunpopularC.UnpopularhasbeenaswhiteD.Unpopularaswhitehasbeen【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：盡管過去白色婚紗不受歡迎，但是現(xiàn)在它卻是人們最偏愛的選擇。as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，形容詞放置在句首時(shí)，從句要部分倒裝，形式是“形容詞+as+主語+動(dòng)詞”。因此，本題的正確答案為D。7．Asthetrainwillnotleaveuntilonehourlater,we_____grababiteatthesnackbar.A.maywellB.justaswellC.mightaswellD.aswell【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：既然火車要到一個(gè)小時(shí)以后才開，我們不妨去小吃店吃一頓。mightaswell不妨；倒不如。maywell（很）可能。justaswell幸好。aswell也。因此，本題的正確答案為C。8．Sheresortedto_____whenshehadnomoneytobuyfoodsforherchildren.A.havestolenB.stealC.stoleD.stealing【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：當(dāng)她淪落到?jīng)]錢給孩子買吃的時(shí)候，她開始偷東西。resortto訴諸；求助于，其中的to為介詞，后加名詞或動(dòng)名詞。因此，本題的正確答案為D。9．_____money,sheisquiterich.However,thisdoesnotmeanthatsheishappy.A.ConcerningB.AstoC.IntermsofD.Inthelightof【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：在金錢上，她非常富裕。但這不意味著她是快樂的。intermsof就……而言，在……方面。concerning關(guān)于，涉及。asto至于。inthelightof考慮到，鑒于。因此，本題的正確答案為C。10．Itis_____withthecustomernottolettheshopassistantsguesswhatshereallylikesandwantsuntilthelastmoment.A.inherhonorB.onherhonorC.apointofhonorD.anhonor【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：讓店員不到最后不去猜顧客真正喜歡的是為維護(hù)顧客面子必須要做的事。apointofhonor為維護(hù)面子而必須做的事。inone’shonor向……表示敬意；祝賀。onone’shonor以名譽(yù)擔(dān)保。因此，本題的正確答案為C。11．Aninstitutionthatproperlycarriesthenameuniversityisamorecomprehensiveandcomplexinstitutionthananyotherkindofhighereducation_____.A.settlementB.establishmentC.constructionD.structure【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：大學(xué)是一個(gè)比任何其他高等教育機(jī)構(gòu)都更為綜合和復(fù)雜的機(jī)構(gòu)。establishment機(jī)構(gòu)；大型組織。settlement定居點(diǎn)；解決。construction建筑物。structure（建筑內(nèi)部的）結(jié)構(gòu)。因此，本題的正確答案為B。12．Jackisso_____tohisappearancethatheneverhashisclothespressed.A.adverseB.anonymousC.indifferentD.casual【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：杰克壓根不在意自己的外貌，他從來不會(huì)把衣服熨平整。indifferent漠不關(guān)心的，一般不用于名詞前，常用作表語。casual隨意的，漫不經(jīng)心的，一般用于名詞前，如acasualremark。adverse有害的。anonymous匿名的。因此，本題的正確答案為C。13．I_____withtheBrownsduringmystayinNewYorkCity.A.putinB.putdownC.putonD.putup【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：待在紐約的那段時(shí)間，我一直忍受著布朗一家。本題考查固定搭配，只有putupwith為固定搭配，意為“忍受”。因此，本題的正確答案為D。14．Outsidemyofficewindowthereisafire_____ontheright.A.escapeB.ladderC.stepsD.stairs【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：我辦公室窗戶外的右側(cè)有一處防火梯。本題考查慣用搭配，fireescape防火梯。因此，本題的正確答案為A。15．Ourcivilizationcannotbethoughtofas_____inashortperiodoftime.A.tohavebeencreatedB.tobecreatedC.havingbeencreatedD.beingcreated【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：我們不能認(rèn)為我們的文明是在短時(shí)間內(nèi)被創(chuàng)造出來的。bethoughtofas后一般接名詞或動(dòng)名詞，故排除A、B。根據(jù)句意可推測(cè)，時(shí)間為過去時(shí)態(tài)，故排除D。因此，本題的正確答案為C。16．Hemighthavebeenkilled_____thetimelyarrivaloftheambulance.A.butforB.exceptforC.besidesD.except【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：要不是救護(hù)車來得及時(shí)，他估計(jì)已經(jīng)過世了。由“mighthavebeen”可推測(cè)本題考查虛擬式，butfor要不是。exceptfor除……之外。besides此外。except除……之外。因此，本題的正確答案為A。17．Theirhappinesswasvery_____.A.crispB.brittleC.delicateD.fragile【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：他們的幸福十分脆弱。選項(xiàng)中四個(gè)單詞都與“脆弱”有關(guān)，但修飾的對(duì)象不同。brittle（性情，情感）脆弱的。crisp（食物）酥脆的。delicate（物件）易損的，易碎的。fragile（物件）易碎的；（身體）虛弱的。因此，本題的正確答案為B。18．DoyouknowJohnson’sbrother?Heis_____thanJohnson.A.muchmorebusinessmanB.moreofabusinessmanC.moreofbusinessmanD.moreabusinessman【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：你知道約翰遜的哥哥嗎？他比約翰遜更有商人的氣派?！癿oreof+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于形容詞。因此，本題的正確答案為B。19．Thatwasnotthefirsttimehe_____us.Ithinkit’shightimewe_____strongactionsagainsthim.A.betrayed…takeB.hadbetrayed…tookC.hasbetrayed…tookD.hasbetrayed…take【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：這不是他第一次背叛我們了，我覺得是時(shí)候得采取強(qiáng)制的行動(dòng)抵制他了?！癷tisthefirsttime+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞為“was”，為過去時(shí)態(tài)，因此后接過去完成時(shí)?！癷tishightime+should+動(dòng)詞原形”（should不可以省略）或“itishightime+動(dòng)詞的一般過去式”。因此，本題的正確答案為B。20．BeforeMr.Smithbecametheheadofthefactory,ourproduction_____atasnail’space.A.crawledB.climbedC.slippedD.crept【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：在史密斯先生成為工廠廠長之前，我們廠的生產(chǎn)速度非常慢。crawl緩慢地爬行。climb攀登。slip滑倒，滑落。creep悄悄地緩慢地行進(jìn)。因此，本題的正確答案為A。II. Readingcomprehension(40%)Section1Multiplechoice(2pointseach)Directions:Inthissectiontherearereadingpassagesfollowedbymultiple-choicequestions.ReadthepassagesandthenmarkyouranswersonyourANSWERSHEET.PassageATherearemanytheoriesaboutthebeginningofdramainancientGreece.Theonemostwidelyacceptedtodayisbasedontheassumptionthatdramaevolvedfromritual.Theargumentforthisviewgoesasfollows.Inthebeginning,humanbeingsviewedthenaturalforcesoftheworld,eventheseasonalchanges,asunpredictable,andtheysoughtthroughvariousmeans,tocontroltheseunknownandfearedpowers.Thosemeasureswhichappearedtobringthedesiredresultswerethenretainedandrepeateduntiltheyhardenedintofixedrituals.Eventuallystoriesarosewhichexplainedorveiledthemysteriesoftherites.Astimepassedsomeritualswereabandoned,butthestories,latercalledmyths,persistedandprovidedmaterialforartanddrama.Thosewhobelievedthatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.Furthermore,asuitablesitehadtobeprovidedforperformances,andwhentheentirecommunitydidnotparticipate,acleardivisionwasusuallymadebetweenthe“actingarea”andthe“auditorium”.Inaddition,therewereperformers,and,sinceconsiderableimportancewasattachedtoavoidingmistakesintheenactmentofrites,religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask.Wearingmasksandcostumes,theyoftenimpersonatedotherpeople,animals,orsupernaturalbeings,andmimedthedesiredeffect—successinhuntorbattle,thecomingrain,therevivaloftheSun—asanactormight.Eventuallysuchdramaticrepresentationswereseparatedfromreligiousactivities.Anothertheorytracesthetheater’soriginfromthehumaninterestinstorytelling.Accordingtothisview,tales(aboutthehunt,war,orotherfeats)aregraduallyelaborated,atfirstthroughtheuseofimpersonation,action,anddialoguebyanarratorandthenthroughtheassumptionofeachoftherolesbyadifferentperson.Acloselyrelatedtheorytracestheatertothosedancesthatareprimarilyrhythmicalandgymnasticorthatareimitationsofanimalmovementsandsounds.21．Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?A.Theoriginsoftheater.B.Theroleofritualinmoderndance.C.Theimportanceofstorytelling.D.Thevarietyofearlyreligiousactivities.22．Whataspectofdramadoestheauthordiscussinthefirstparagraph?A.Thereasondramaisoftenunpredictable.B.Theseasonsinwhichdramaswereperformed.C.Theconnectionbetweenmythsanddramaticplots.D.Theimportanceofcostumesinearlydrama.23．WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacommonelementoftheaterandritual?A.Dance.B.Costumes.C.Music.D.Magic.24．Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemaindifferencebetweenritualanddrama?A.Ritualusesmusicwhereasdramadoesnot.B.Ritualisshorterthandrama.C.Ritualrequiresfewerperformersthandrama.D.Ritualhasareligiouspurposeanddramadoesnot.25．Thepassagesupportswhichofthefollowingstatements?A.Noonereallyknowshowthetheaterbegan.B.Mythsarenolongerrepresenteddramatically.C.Storytellingisanimportantpartofdance.D.Dramaticactivitiesrequiretheuseofcostumes.【答案與解析】21．A 文章第一段的首句即文章的中心句：TherearemanytheoriesaboutthebeginningofdramainancientGreece.文章第一段提到“theassumptionthatdramaevolvedfromritual”，由此可知，有人認(rèn)為戲劇的起源是儀式。文章第三段提到“Anothertheorytracesthetheater’soriginfromthehumaninterestinstorytelling.”由此可知，有人認(rèn)為戲劇的起源是講故事。第三段最后一句提到有人認(rèn)為戲劇來源于古代人們對(duì)動(dòng)物模仿的舞蹈。由此可知，文章是在圍繞戲劇的起源展開討論的。故選A。22．C 文章第一段的大意是早期人們視自然界的力量為不可預(yù)知的事物，于是人們開始采取措施應(yīng)對(duì)。那些顯效的措施逐漸演變成固定的儀式。有些儀式雖然被丟棄，但儀式的內(nèi)容作為神話流傳下來，成為了早期戲劇中的主要情節(jié)。由此可知，第一段主要講的是神話與戲劇情節(jié)的關(guān)系。故選C。23．D 文章第二段首句提到“Thosewho…arguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.”，由此可知magic（魔術(shù)）并未提到。故選D。24．D 文章第二段提到在儀式表演中，“religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask”，說明儀式中有宗教的內(nèi)容。第二段最后一句提到“Eventuallysuchdramaticrepresentationswereseparatedfromreligiousactivities.”說明戲劇已經(jīng)脫離了宗教。故選D。25．A 文章只是列舉了人們猜測(cè)的戲劇的三大起源，但實(shí)際上現(xiàn)在并沒有人能確定戲劇的起源。神話仍在現(xiàn)在的戲劇表演中出現(xiàn)，故B錯(cuò)誤。講故事和跳舞分別都被猜測(cè)是戲劇的起源，兩者間不存在整體與部分的關(guān)系，故C錯(cuò)誤。D表述正確，是對(duì)事實(shí)的陳述，但不是作者要表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)。故選A。PassageBHistoricaldevelopmentsofthepasthalfcenturyandtheinventionofmoderntelecommunicationandtransportationtechnologieshavecreatedaworldeconomy.EffectivelytheAmericaneconomyhasdiedandbeenreplacedbyaworldeconomy.Inthefuture,thereisnosuchthingasbeinganAmericanmanager.EvensomeonewhospendsanentiremanagementcareerinKansasCityisininternationalmanagement.Heorshewillcompetewithforeignfirms,buyfromforeignfirms,selltoforeignfilms,oracquirefinancingfromforeignbanks.Theglobalizationoftheworld’scapitalmarketsthathasoccurredinthepast10yearswillbereplicatedrightacrosstheeconomyinthenextdecade.Aninternationalperspectivehasbecomecentraltomanagement.Withoutitmanagersareoperatinginignoranceandcannotunderstandwhatishappeningtothemandtheirfirms.Partlybecauseofglobalizationandpartlybecauseofdemography,theworkforcesofthenextcenturyaregoingtobeverydifferentfromthoseofthelastcentury.Mostfirmswillbeemployingmoreforeignnationals.Morelikelythannot,youandyourbosswillnotbeofthesamenationality.Demographyandchangingsocialmoresmeanthatwhitemaleswillbecomeasmallfractionoftheworkforceaswomenandminoritiesgrowinimportance.Allofthesefactorswillrequirechangesinthetraditionalmethodsofmanagingtheworkforce.Inaddition,theneedtoproducegoodsandservicesatqualitylevelspreviouslythoughtimpossibletoobtaininmassproductionandthespreadinguseofparticipatorymanagementtechniqueswillrequireaworkforcewithmuchhigherlevelsofeducationandskills.Productionworkersmustbeabletodostatisticalqualitycontrol;productionworkersmustbeabletodojustin-timeinventories.Managersareincreasinglyshiftingfroma“don’tthink,dowhatyouaretold”toa“think,Iamnotgoingtotellyouwhattodo”styleofmanagement.Thisshiftisoccurringnotbecausetoday’smanagersaremoreenlightenedthanyesterday’smanagersbutbecausetheevidenceisrapidlymountingthatthesecondstyleofmanagementismoreproductivethanthefirststyleofmanagement.Butthismeansthatproblemsoftrainingandmotivatingtheworkforcebothbecomemorecentralandrequiredifferentmodesofbehavior.Inthewordoftomorrowmanagerscannotbetechnologicallyilliterateregardlessoftheirfunctionaltaskswithinthefirm.Theydon’thavetobescientistsorengineersinventingnewtechnologies,buttheyhavetobemanagerswhounderstandwhentobetandwhennottobetonnewtechnologies.Iftheydon’tunderstandwhatisgoingonandtechnologyeffectivelybecomesablackbox,theywillfailtomakethechangesthatthosewhodounderstandwhatisgoingoninsidetheblackboxmake.Theywillbelosers,notwinners.Today’sCEOsarethosewhosolvedthecentralproblemsfacingtheircompanies20yearsago.Tomorrow’sCEOswillbethosewhosolvecentralproblemsfacingtheircompaniestoday.Sloanhopestoproduceagenerationofmanagerswhowillbesolvingtoday’sandtomorrow’sproblemsandbecausetheyaresuccessfulindoingsotheywillbecometomorrow’scaptainsofbusiness.26．Theauthorsuggeststhatamangershouldholda_____viewonmanagement.A.economicalB.geographicalC.internationalD.financial27．Speakingoftheproblemsoftrainingandmotivatinglaborers,theauthorimpliesthat_____.A.laborersshouldkeepupwiththerapiddevelopmentofmoderntechnologyB.laborerspaymoreattentiontowagesC.laborerswanttoadvancethemselvesD.thereisaradicalchangeinmanagementstyle28．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Globalizationanddemographyleadtothedifferencesbetweentheworkforcesofthelastcenturyandthoseofthenextcentury.B.Atpresent,whitemalesmakeuponlyasmallproportionofworkforcesinAmericanfirms.C.Inthenextcentury,womenandminoritieswillbecomethemajorpartofworkforcesintheUnitedStates.D.Theneedtoproducegoodsandservicesatqualitylevelspreviouslywillcallforaworkforcewithmuchhigherlevelsofeducationandskills.29．BythefirstsentenceofParagraph7,theauthormeansthat_____.A.managersshouldmastermoderntechnologyB.managersshouldhaveaccesstotechnologicalknowledgeC.managersshouldfocusonfunctionaltasksD.managersshouldcooperatewithtechnicians30．Themaintopicofthispassageis_____.A.thenewconceptofmanagementB.thegreatshiftofmanagementstyleC.thequalitiesofmanagersforthe21stcenturyD.thetechniqueofmodernmanagementofmanagers【答案與解析】26．C 文章開頭兩段指明如今經(jīng)濟(jì)已發(fā)展成為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)，管理層應(yīng)開始轉(zhuǎn)變管理方式，以國際化的眼光管理公司。故選C。27．D 文章第六段提到培訓(xùn)和激勵(lì)員工的問題變得更加重要是因?yàn)楣芾矸绞降霓D(zhuǎn)變，即從讓員工服從自己的要求向讓員工獨(dú)立思考解決的方式轉(zhuǎn)變。故選D。28．B 文章第四段倒數(shù)第二句提到“whitemaleswillbecomeasmallfractionoftheworkforceaswomenandminoritiesgrowinimportance”，說明當(dāng)前男性白人在美國公司占多數(shù)，故B錯(cuò)誤，C正確。A選項(xiàng)在文章中第四段第一句被提到。第五段開頭提到“willrequireaworkforcewithmuchhigherlevelsofeducationandskills”，故選B。29．B 定位至文章第七段首句，作者提到無論管理者在公司擔(dān)任什么類的職務(wù)，他都應(yīng)該有科技方面的知識(shí)。故選B。30．B 文章開頭幾段講述經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化對(duì)公司管理的影響，中間幾段講述的是管理方式的轉(zhuǎn)變，最后幾段講述的是未來管理層應(yīng)具備哪些素養(yǎng)。綜合分析可知，文章主題是管理方式的轉(zhuǎn)變。故選B。Section2Answeringquestions(20%)Directions:ReadthefollowingpassageandthenanswerINCOMPLETESENTENCESthequestionswhichfollowthepassage.UseonlyinformationfromthepassageyouhavejustreadandwriteyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERSHEET.Questions31-35Morallyandsocially,laughterhasnotbeenwellregardedthroughouthistory.Priortothelasthundredyearsorso,laughterinpublicwasaboutassociallyacceptableasvigorousbreakingofwindwouldbetoday.InMedievaltimes,physicianslocatedeachemotioninsomeorganofthebody.Love,forexample,wasseatedintheheart—iftheyhadchosenanotherparticularorganwhichwouldseemtobeamorelogicalcontender,wewouldbesendingeachotherquitedifferentshapesonValentine’sDay.Theseatoflaughterwasthespleen,apparentlytoindicatethatlaughterwasviewedasa“l(fā)ow”formofbehavior.ItisnosurprisethatVictorianEnglandwasnotbigonlaughter.Nevertheless,QueenVictoriadiddeliveroneimmortalquipincommentonamanchargedwiththeattemptedmurderoftheBritishPrimeMinister,andwhowaspleadinginsanity—“WedonotbelievethatanyonecouldbeinsanewhowouldwishtomurderaConservativePrimeMinister”.NeitherwaslaughterpopularwiththeChurch.ThePuritansinparticularlookeduponitwithdisdainandpermitteditonlywhenitservedtoillustrateamorallesson.SigmundFreuddistinguishedbetweenmalignandbenignlaughter.Laughterwasmalignant,heargued,whenitindicatedanunderlyingpathology,i.e.servedasanoutletforunderlyingsexualandaggressiveimpulses.Benignlaughterdidnotindicateanyunderlyingpathology.Anexampleofbenignhumoriswhereapersonmastersunfortunateorunpleasantsituationsbyturningthemaroundandmakingajokeofthem.Inhumor,asineverythingelse,therearedifferentlevelsofquality.ThiscanrangefromthesparklingwitofOscarWildetothecrudityofthedrinking-club“blue”joke.Inmyopiniontheethnicjokeisfairlylowonthetotempole.Theobjectofthesejokesistohighlightsupposednegativecharacteristicsinthetargetgroup,e.g.intheIrishjoke,Paddyisalwaysstupid.Ofcoursethisdoesnotmeanthatmanysuchjokescannotbefunny;simplythat,asagenre,theyarecruelandbiased.HereisoneIreadrecently,ofAmericanorigin—Question“WhatisarealquickwaytolearnIrish?”Answer“Repeatthefollowingwordsinquicksuccession—WHALE,OIL,BEEF,HOOKED”.Sincethemid-1940sithasgraduallycometobewellacceptedthattensionandstressarebadforthehealth.WeknowthatsomeonewithaTypeApersonality,characterizedbyseriousness,cynicism,stress,concernwithtime,hostilityandimpatience,hasagreaterriskofhavingaheartattackthantheTypeBpersonality.TypeBpersonalitiesaredefinedasthosewhodonotexhibitthecharacteristicsitemizedaboveforTypeA,i.e.theyarelessserious,morerelaxed,notparticularlycompetitive,slowtoanger,morepatient,etc.Ifpsychologicalfactorssuchasstressandtensioncancauseillness,andtheycan,then,surely,opposingpsychologicalfactorssuchasasenseofhumor,whichwilllessenanddeflatestressandtension,musthaveapositiveeffectonhealth.Althoughitremainstobeunambiguouslydemonstratedthathumorisgoodforyourhealth,thereisnodoubtthatitenhancesthequalityoflife.Therearefewmorepleasantsensationsthansharingalaughwithfriends.Well,Iwillleaveitatthat,andIhopethatyouropinionofmymusingsonthissubjectismorefavorablethanDr.SamuelJohnson’sreplytoanauthorwhohadsenthimhismanuscriptforreview—“Yourmanuscriptisbothgoodandoriginal;butthepartthatisgoodisnotoriginalandthepartthatisoriginalisnotgood”.31．Whatisthethesisofthisarticle?(6%)32．Dividethearticleintoseveralpartswiththeparagraphnumberindicated.(4%)33．Whatarethemainwritingskillsappliedinparagraph2and3?(2%)34．ByusingDr.SamuelJohnson’sreplytoanauthorinparagraph6,whatdidtheauthorintendtodemonstrate?(6%)35．Giveapossibletitletothearticle.(2%)【答案與解析】31．Althoughlaughterhadnotbeenwellregardedthroughouthistory,acontemporaryconsensusthatstressandtensionleavesbadinfluenceonourhealthindicatesthathumordoesgoodtoourhealth.（文章前兩段以時(shí)間順序記錄了歷史上“l(fā)aughter”大笑不受人待見的史實(shí)。隨后作者在第五段提到從上個(gè)世紀(jì)40年代開始人們普遍接受緊張和壓力對(duì)身體影響不好的觀點(diǎn)，作者以此提出能助人減壓的大笑或幽默實(shí)際上有助于人類身心健康的論點(diǎn)。）32．Thisarticlecanbedividedintothreeparts.Thefirstpartisfromparagraph1toparagraph2;thesecondpartisfromparagraph3toparagraph4;thelastpartisfromparagraph5toparagraph6.（根據(jù)每個(gè)段落的大意，文章可分為三部分。第一部分是第一、二自然段，內(nèi)容是大笑在歷史上三個(gè)階段不受歡迎的史實(shí)。第二部分是第三、四自然段，內(nèi)容是大笑和幽默的類別或等級(jí)。第三部分是第五、六自然段，內(nèi)容是近現(xiàn)代人們普遍認(rèn)為壓力有害身心健康，作者依據(jù)這個(gè)提出大笑和幽默因?yàn)橛袦p壓的作用因此能有益身心健康的論點(diǎn)。）33．Givingexamplesandclassification.（第二段從皇室和教會(huì)兩個(gè)領(lǐng)域描寫大笑的不受歡迎，第三段則是從譏諷和善意兩個(gè)方面來劃分大笑的類型，由此可見兩段都用了分類法。第二段列舉了維多利亞女王對(duì)謀殺首相的嫌疑人所說的話，第三段則列舉了人調(diào)侃自己的不幸是善意的幽默，由此可見兩段都運(yùn)用了舉例法。）34．Ontheonehand,theauthorhopesthatthereaderswillnotshowtotaloppositiontohisthoughtslikewhatDr.SamuelJohnsondid.Ontheotherhand,theauthorismakingjokesofhimself,andsuchendinginanarticleisademonstrationofhumorinfact.（Dr.SamuelJohnson的回復(fù)實(shí)際上是對(duì)原作者作品的全盤否定，作者舉這個(gè)例子是希望他的論點(diǎn)能獲得讀者們的肯定。同時(shí)，作者這樣的自我調(diào)侃也是幽默的表現(xiàn)，讓讀者感覺到幽默帶來的作用。）35．LaughterisGoodtoOurHealth.（大笑有益身心健康是作者提出的論點(diǎn)，應(yīng)該作為文章的標(biāo)題。）III. Writing(30%)Plagiarismisdefinedindictionariesas“thewrongfulappropriation,closeimitation,orpurloiningandpublication,ofanotherauthor’slanguage,thoughts,ideas,orexpressions,andtherepresentationofthemasone’sownoriginalwork.”Itdoesgreatharmtoouracademicresearchandacademicintegrity.However,peopledotrytobypassit,becausethegaincouldbeimmediate.Howdoyouthinkofthephenomenon?Writeapieceofargumentationinabout500words.Inthefirstpartyoushouldstateyourpositionclearly;inthesecond,youshouldsupplyrelevantevidencetosupportyourpositionandrefutetheopposingside’sview;andfinallyyoushouldbringyouressaytoalogicalconclusion.Markswillbeawardedonthebasisofyourorganization,diction,grammarandappropriateness.MyViewonAcademicPlagiarismNowadays,therearelargenumberofpapersbeingpublishedeverydayintheworld.Maybeweshouldsayitisasigntoshowhowflourishingouracademyis.Butafteracloserlookatallthoseso-calledacademicpapers,wewillfindmanysimilarones.Soinfact,wedidn’thavesomanynewfindingsaswethought.Evensomefamousscholarsareinvolvedinplagiarism.Inmyopinion,thisphenomenonwillleadtoanextremelybadinfluenceandweshouldtakeactionstostopitsdeterioration.Inthefirstplace,thisbehaviorwillcausealargeamountofwasteofmoney.Ourcountryinvestsaspecialfundtosupporttheacademicresearchandstudyeachyear,expectingtothenewandconstructivefindingsineachscientificfield.However,