狀語從句用法詳解

狀語從句用法詳解內容提要:一、時間狀語從句二、地點狀語從句 \方式狀語從句四、程度狀語從句五、原因狀語從句六、結果狀語從句七、目的狀語從句八、條件狀語從句九、讓步狀語從句十、比較狀語從句一、時間狀語從句:1時間狀語從句通常用下列從屬連詞來引導： after,before,as,once,till,until,(ever)since,when,whenever,while,now(that),aslongas,assoonas女口：Now(that)you'vegrownup,youmuststopthischildishbehaviourWheneverwemetwithdifficulties,theycametohelpus.Comeandseeuswheneveryouhavetime.Peopledonotknowthevalueofhealthtilltheyloseit.2、 有些詞，女口immediately,directly,instantly，當用于assoonas意義時，也可以引導時間狀語從句，如：IgotintouchwithhimimmediatelyIreceivedhisletter.Mysistercamedirectlyshegotmymessage.Themachinewillstartinstantlyyoupressthebutton.I'lltelephoneyodirectlyIhearthenews.Willyoulookforitimmediatelyyougetthere?某些表示時間的名詞詞組，女口 the(very)moment(=assoonas),theminute(=assoonas),theinstant(=assoonas),theday,theyear,themorning,everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thefirsttim等，也可以引導時間狀語從句，如：I'lltellyouaboutthemomentyoucome.IstartedtheinstantIheardthereport.Theinstantshesawhimsheknewhewasherbrother.EverytimeIcatchacold,Ihavepaininmyback.I'mgoingtoseehnexttimehecomestoShenzhen.HeleftEuropetheyearWorldWarnbrokeout.HehadimpressedmethatwaythefirsttimeImethim.IstartedtheverymomentIgotyourletter.I'IItellhitheminute(that)hegetshere.有些關聯(lián)從屬連詞，如nosooner…than/hardly…when/scarcely…when/barely…when等，也能引導時間狀語從句?！髋诠裯osooner,hardly,scarcely,bare置于句首，它所連帶的這部分就要倒裝，如：Shehadnosooneiheardthenewsthanshefainted.=Nosoonerhadsheheardthenewsthanshefainted.Theyhadhardlystartedtoworkwhenthetroublebegan.=Hardlyhadtheystartedtoworkwhenthetroublebegan.Hehadscarcely)nteredtheroomwhenthephonerang.=Scarcelyhadheenteredtheroomwhenthephonerang.、地點狀語從句:1地點狀語從句常用where,wherever來引導，如：Wewillstaywhereyoustay,(where二intheplaceinwhich;where既連接主句與從句，又在從句中作副詞修飾謂語 stay。)IfoundmybookswhereIleftthem,Whereverhehappenstobe,Johncanmakehimselfathome,Hewillworkwhereverthepeopleneedhim,Letmegowherever(=toanyplacetowhichheylike(togo),2、有時，-where構成的復合詞也可以引導地點狀語從句，如：Everywheretheywent,theywerekindlyreceived/warmlywelcomed,WellgoanywherethePartydirectsus,、方式狀語從句:1、方式狀語從句通常由as,asif,asthougf來引導，如:YoumustdotheexercisesasIshowyou.Pleasedoexactlyasyourdoctorsays.Itlooksasifitmightsnow/isgoingtosnow.Heactedasif/thoughnothinghadhappened.Hewalkedasifhewas/weredrunk.Marywasbehavingasthoughshehadn'tgrownup.2、在非正式文體或口語中，也可用theway(that)(=as=inthewayinwhich),how,like等來引導，如：Jeandoesn'tdthe：wayIdo.SheisdoingherworkthewayIlikeitdone.Youcandothejobhowyoulike.TheIandlordwaswatchinghimlike(=justas)acatwatchesamouse.Doyoumakebreadlikeyoumakecakes?like作連詞的用法補充說明:1).Conjunction(informal)(非正式)：inthesamewaythat;as同---樣，女口Peoplewhochangecountriesliketheychangeclothes.換國籍像換衣服一樣的人。2）.asthough;asif好像，如同IfeltlikeI'dbeenkickedbyacamel?我覺得好像被駱駝踢了似的四、程度狀語從句：程度狀語從句可用tosuchanextentthat …/tosuchadegreethat…，tothedegree/extentthat,insofaras （在…的范圍內”）等來引導，如：Thetemperaturerosetosuchanextentthatthefiremenhadtoleavetheburningbuilding.Thetemperatureloweredtosuchadegreethathewaterfroze.試比較：ThetemperaturerosesohighthatthefiremenhadtoleavetheburningbuildingThetemperatureloweredsomuchthathewaterfroze.從以上例句可以看出，程度狀語從句往往也表示達到某種程度時所引出的結果，所以程度狀語從句和結果狀語從句在意義上有相通之處。Atthattimepoliticianswerenotknowntothedegreethattheyaretoday.那時政治家們并不像今天這樣為人所知曉。I'llhelpyouinsofaraScan?我會盡我所能幫助你。五、原因狀語從句：1、引導原因狀語從句最常用的連詞是because,since和as,所引導的從句可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。其中 because語勢最強，since次之，as又次之?！鱞ecause通常表示說話人認為這種理由或原因是聽話人所不知道的，全句強調的重點在原因上，不在主句表示的結果上?；卮?why提出的問題時，只能用because在強調句型中也只能用because從句，不能用since,as等，如：Becausecan'tseeverywell,Ihavetositnearthefront.Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn'tgowithus.Itwasbecausdnewasillthathedidn'tcome.since和as引導的句子，重點在主句的內容，其原因或理由在說話人看來已很明顯，或已為聽話人所熟悉， since和as只是一種附帶的說明原因，不是對原因進行強調，如：Asheisworkinghard,heislikelytosucceed.Sincehecan'tanswerthequestion,you 'dbetterasksomeoneelse.As/Sincehewasnotathome,Ispoketohisbrother.Sinceyouinsist,Iwillreconsiderthematter.Ashewasinahurry,helefthisbagathome.for是并列連詞，它引導的句子只能后置。表示因果關系時，可以和because換用;但當它用于對主句的內容加以解釋或推斷時，不能用because代替，如：Hecouldn'thaveseenbecause/foilwasnothere.Thegroundiswet,for/becauseitrainedlastnight.Itrainedlastnight,forthegroundiswetthismorning.because之前可以加上simply,only,just等強調詞，如：Youshouldn'tgetajus^becausesomepeoplespeakillofyou.2、復合連詞也可以引導原因狀語從句，這些連詞有：now(that),seeing(that),considering(that),forthereasonthat,byreasonthat,forfearthat,that等，如：Now(that)(=Sinceyoumentionit,Idoremember.Now(that)heisabsent,you'IIhavetodotheworkbyyourself.Now(=Since)therainhasstopped,let'sstart.Seeing(that)alltheguestshavearrived,let'shavedinner.Shedidn'tfgofearthatshewouldgetlost.Hehasdoneverywell,considering(that》hasnoexperienee?Ihaven'tfinishedwritingthereport,ynotthat(=notbecause)dislikethework,butthat(=butbecause)havenottime?Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob?3、在“主語+be+形容詞+that”句型中，主語通常是人，形容詞通常為：glad,happy,pleased,sorr等表示感情的形容詞，這時that可以看作原因狀語從句，如：Wearegladthat(二because八ehavereapedanotherbumperharvest?Imglad(that)youareallright?Wearesurethatourteamwillwin?I'mpleasethatyouhavedecidedtocome?六、結果狀語從句結果狀語從句往往放在主句之后，通常主句是因，從句是果，這和原'tcome.因狀語從句剛好相反，例如：'tcome.Hewasill,sothathedidnHedidn'tcomebecausehewasill.1結果狀語從句通常用下列連詞引導： so…that,such⑻???that,suchthat,sothat,that等，例如：Hewassoangrythathelefttheroomwithoutsayingaword.ThebookiswritteninsuchsimpleEnglishthatwebeginnerscanunderstanditwithoutmuchdifficulty.Itwassuchabadaccidentthatseveralpeoplegotinjured.Hisdiligeneewassuchthathemadegreatprogress.Hedidn'tplanhistimewsO,thathedidn'tfinishtheworkintime.Sheworriedsothatshecouldhardlyeathersupper.WhathaveIdonethatyoushouldbesoangrywithme?往往可以省略2、應注意的幾個問題：往往可以省略①在非正式文體中，由so…that,such(a)…that引導的結果狀語從句連詞 that，這時，從句之前往往用逗號與主句隔開，在口語中則用停頓表示省略。Hewassotired(,)(that)hecouldhardlystandPeterissuchagoodboy(,)(that)heislovedbyeverybodyYouwalksofast(that)Icantkeeperwithyou.Weleftinsuchahurry(that)weforgottolockthedoor.Hewassorude(that)sherefusedtospeaktohim.當so修飾動詞時，后面應稍停頓，如：HisheartbeatsoAthathecouldhardlybreathe.SheworriedsoAhatshecouldhardlyeathersupper.當so位于句首時，主句的語序應倒裝，如：Sobadlywasheinjuredthathehadtogotothehospital.SosmallwasthemarkthatIcouldhardlyseeit.七、目的狀語從句1、目的狀語從句通常使用的連詞有： sothat,inorderthat,that,so否定的句式常用lest,incase,forfeartha來引導?！髂康臓钫Z從句中一般要有 can,may,could,might,will,would,should等情態(tài)動詞，如：Bringitcloser(so)thatImayseeitbetter.IputdownhisaddressforfearthatIshouldforgetit.Theteachermustspeakclearlysothathisstudentscan/mayunderstandwell.We'sitnearerthefrontsowecanhearbetter?(非正式或口語)Thedriverlookedovertheenginecarefullylestit(should)gowrongonthewayPleaseremindmeofitagaintomorrowincaseIforget.Takeanumbrellawithyou,incase(=forfearthat)trains/itmayrain/itshouldrain.Heleftearlyincaseheshouldmissthetrain.2、sothat/so既可以引導目的狀語從句，又可以引導結果狀語從句，其區(qū)別可以根據上下文的意義來判斷，也可以從其結構上來判斷。①凡在講話時，sothat/so從句之前有停頓，在文字中sothat/so從句之前有逗號，則為結果狀語從句，否則為目的狀語從句，如:Weallarrivedateight,so（that）themeetingbeganpromptly.（結果狀語從句）We'comeateightso（that）themeetingcanbeginearly.（目的狀語從句）②有時，由sothat或so引導的結果狀語從句之前并沒有逗號，這時，就要看從句中有沒有can,may,could,might,will,would,should等情態(tài)動詞,如果有,多半是目的狀語從句，如果沒有，多半是結果Iamgoingtothelectureearlysothati'getagoodseat?（目的狀語從句）IwenttothelectureearlysothatIgotagoodseat?結果狀語從句）③目的狀語從句可以移至句首，而結果狀語從句不能前移，如：Sothathecouldbeheardineveryroom,Johnspokethroughamicrophone?（目的狀語從句）Johnspokethroughamicrophonesothathewasheardineveryroom?結果狀語從句）八、條件狀語從句1、 條件狀語從句通常用下列連詞引導：if,unless,supposing(that僅在問句中使用)，suppose(that),incase,so/aslongas,sofaras,oncondition(that),provided(that)等，例如：Incasehecomes,letmeknow.Youcangooutas/solonga^oupromisetobebackbeforeeleven.Iwillcomeagaintomorrowprovided(that)Ihavetime.(=if)Supposing(that)trainstomorrow,whatshallwedo?(=if)Unlessyoutellhimyourself,he 'lllosefarthpietyoucWellletyouusetheroomonconditionthat/providedthalyoukeepitcleanandtidy.2、有時可以把祈使句作為條件從句，祈使句后面要搭配 and，如：Cometomorrow,andIwilltellyou.(=Ifyoucometomorrow,Iwilltellyou.)Givehimaninchandhe lltekeami(=Ifyougivehimaninch,he lltakeamile.)注：當表示否定的條件時，可用連詞 or或otherwise,女口：Hurryup,or(else)you 'llbelate.Startatonce,or/otherwiseyou'IImissthetrain(=Ifyoudon'Startatonce,you'IImissthetrain.)(=Unlessyoustartatonce,you'IImissthetrain.)3、 ifonly是if的強調式，通常表示說話人強烈的愿望，但愿，真希望”，如：IfonlyitcIearsup,we'IIgo.Ifonlysomebodyhadtoldus,wecouldhavewarnedyou.如果有人告訴了我們，我們就會讓你提防的。注：ifonly引導的狀語從句有時可以不依附于主句而獨立存在，表示說話人的希望、愿望或遺憾等心情，如：Ifonlyhecomesintime.(=Ihopehewillcomeintime.)Ifonlyhedidn'tdrivesofast.(=Iwishhedidn 'tdrivesofast.)IfonlyIhadn'tbeenlateforwork.(=IwishIhadn 'tbeenlateforwork.)4、 在真實條件句中，從句動詞通常用一般現在時表示將來時間，主句通常帶有情態(tài)動詞，如：Ifyoumove,I'shootyou.IfIpressthisbutton,whatwillhappen?Ifyoucomeyoucanseeit.Ifyoufinishearly,youmaygo.注①當從句表示將來已經完成或正在進行的動作時，動詞用現在完成時或現在進行時，如：IwillreturnthebookonMondayifIhavereaditThepolicewon'ttakeyourcarawouaresittinginit.注②如果從句表示現在的意圖、意愿、決心等，則可以用will/shall,女如Ifyouwillreadthebook,I'llletyouhaveit.Ifyouwillhelpme,wecanfinishbysix.Ifyouwillgiveupsmoking/drinking,yourhealthwillimprove.5、有一種條件句，其從句動詞不管主語的人稱和數如何，一律用“should+不定式”，主句動詞可根據意義需要米取不同形式，如：Ifheshouldhearofyourmarriage,hewouldbesurprised.Ifyoushoulchearthenews,pleaseletusknow.Ifyoushoulcbeinterested,I'lltellyoiolthetorly.Ifitshouldrainwehadbetterstayindoors.Ifheshouldcomeomorrow,Iwouldtellhimeverything.注：在正式文體中，可用shouldI(we,youetc)代替IfI(we,youetc.)should…,如：不定inanumberofways.或不定inanumberofways.或were/wasto+不Shouldlbefreetomorrow,Iwillcome.ShouldyouseeMike,willyouaskhimtoringmeup?Shouldyouseemymother,tellherIamquitewell.6、非真實條件句：當從句表示與現在事實相反的條件時，從句動詞用一般過去時或were型虛擬式，主句動詞用 would/should/could/might+式，如：IfIwereyou,Ishouldconsultadoctor.IfIlivedinthetwenty-firstcentury,mylifemightbedifferent當從句表示與過去事實相反的條件時，從句動詞用過去完成時,主句動詞用would/should/could/might不定式完成式，女口：Ifhehadtriedhardlastterm,hewouldhavesucceededIfhehadtakenhisdoctor 'sadvicmjghtnothavedied當從句表示將來不大可能實現的條件時，從句動詞用一般過去時定式，主句動詞用would/should/could/might+不定式，女：Whatwouldyoudoifitsnowedtomorrow?Hewouldn'tdounlessyouweretoorderhimto.④在正式文體中可用“were+主語”等倒裝結構代替“if+主語+were”等結構；“had+主語+ed分詞”代替“if+主語+had+ed分詞”結構，如:WereIinyourplace，Iwouldbeveryworried.WereJohntogototheuniversity，hewouldhavetoworkhard.Hadthecaptainbeenmorecareful，hisshipwouldnothavebeensunkHaditnotbeenfortheexpense，Ishouldhavegonetotaly.7、unless與if…not的用法比較：Ifyoudon'startatonce，youwillmissthetrain.Unlessyoustartatonce，youwillmissthetrain.unless在意義上相當于if…not，在有些場合兩者可以交替使用，但在有些場合又不可以互換，以下是不可互換的情況：①當if…not引導非真實條件狀語從句時，一般不可以改用 unless例如：Ifshewerentsosilly,shewouldunderstand?（事實上她很傻，改成Unlesssheweresosilly…含義為她不傻）IfIhadntstoppedher,shewouldhavejumpedintotheriver?（事實上我阻止了她，改成UnlessIhadstoppedher含義為我沒有阻止她。）②unless表示除外的唯一條件，因此通常不能用 and連接兩個unless從句，而if…not則不受此限，如：Shewon'tloseweightshedoesnotkeepadietandifshedoesnottakeexerciseseveryday.Shewon'tloseweightnlessshekeepsadietandtakesexerciseseveryday.(不說：unlessshekeepsadietandunlessshetakesexerciseseveryday.)③unless從句中可用否定詞，而 if…not從句中不可再加否定詞，因此在unless引導的否定從句中，不可用if…not代替unless，如：Iwillgounlessnooneelsedoes.XIwillgoifnooneelsedoesn't?tunderstand.tunderstand.Don'taskmetoexplainuniessyoureallydontunderstand.tunderstand.Don'taskmetoexplainifyoureallynotdon④在if?not從句中通常用非肯定詞，而在unless引導的肯定形式的條件從句中，通常用肯定詞，而不用非肯定詞，如：Iwillbeveryangryifyouhaven'spokentoheryet.Iwillbeveryangryunlessyouhavealreadyspokentoher.九、讓步狀語從句引導讓步狀語從句的主要連詞有 although,though,as,eventhough/if等。Heisunhappythoughhehasalotofmoney.雖然他很有錢，但他不快樂。Theywillstandbyyouevenifyoufail.即使你沒成功，他們也會支持你。注意：although/though不可與but連用，但可與yet,still等連用。例如。Thoughitwasraininghard,yettheywentonplayingfootball.雖然雨下得很大，但他們仍然繼續(xù)踢足球。as引導讓步狀語從句時，需倒裝，從句中的表語和狀語或動詞原形要置于句首；though引導時，倒裝或不倒裝皆可。如表語是名詞,不可加冠詞；若動詞原形前置，從句要有may或might。例如：Childasheis,heknowsalot?盡管是個孩子，他卻懂得很多。Tryashemighthecouldnotfindajob.不管怎么努力，他還是找不到工作。3.when和while也可引導讓步狀語從句，意為“雖然”。例如:Whiletheyaremyneighbor