2023年考博英語歷年高頻考題帶答案難題附詳解

2023年考博英語歷年高頻考題帶答案難題附詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）第1卷一.歷年考點(diǎn)試題黑鉆版(共50題)1.Sheisfurious(of)herson'sgradesinschool,(which)explainswhyMarkisjealous(of)Julia'shighmarks(on)theexam.A.ofB.whichC.ofD.on2.Theplaywrightwasknownnotforhisoriginalideasbutforhis______ofideasthathadbeenpropoundedbyothers.A.inventionB.reiterationC.considerationD.rejection3.Realestate,inbroaddefinition,islandandeverythingmadepermanentlyapartthereof,andthenatureandextentofone'sinteresttherein.Inlaw,thewordreal,asitrelatestoproperty,meanslandasdistinguishedfrompersonalproperty;andestateisdefinedastheinterestonehasinproperty.

Realestatemaybeacquired,owned,andconveyed(ortransferred)byindividuals;businesscorporations;

charitable,

religious,

educational,

fraternal,

andvariousothernonprofitcorporations;

fiduciaries,

suchastrusteesandexecutors;

partnerships;

andgenerallybyanylegalentityasdeterminedanddefinedbythelawsofthevariousstatesoftheU.S.Limitationsareestablishedinconnectionwithsalesofrealestatebyminors,incompetents,andcertaintypesofcorporations,andgenerallyincasesinvolvingsomeformoflegaldisabilityorlackofcapacity.4.Whatisitthattheauthorwantsto______tohisreadersthroughthestory?A.conveyB.convinceC.convertD.conform5.Price______isatthetopofthefactorscontributingtotheriseofconstructioncostintheareaaftertheearthquake.A.flawB.fraudC.flakeD.fore6.It'sapparentthatthewoodenbridgeisnotstrongenoughto______theweightofalorry.A.retainB.sustainC.obtainD.maintain7.1．在世界各地，今天比任何時(shí)候都更加感覺到中國(guó)的存在，它在世界政治形勢(shì)中占有歷史性的重要地位。2．我們的社會(huì)主義實(shí)踐，與其說是出于社會(huì)主義理論的理解和運(yùn)用，還不如說是為了適應(yīng)現(xiàn)實(shí)的需要。3．我們現(xiàn)在面臨的所有重大世界性問題中最重要的問題就是人口對(duì)土地和土地資源的壓力正在迅速增長(zhǎng)。4．在科學(xué)技術(shù)迅猛發(fā)展的今天，振興經(jīng)濟(jì)的希望在教育，教師隊(duì)伍的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量對(duì)教育發(fā)展只有決定性的影響。5．必須引導(dǎo)人們正確處理競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和協(xié)作、自主和監(jiān)督、效率和公平、先富和共富、經(jīng)濟(jì)效率和社會(huì)效益等關(guān)系。8.Themanufacturerwasforcedtoreturnthemoneytotheconsumersunder______oflaw.A.guidelineB.definitionC.constraintD.identity9.Aneffectcanbecomeacause,reinforcetheoriginalcauseandproducingthesameeffectinanintensifiedform,andsoonindefinitely.10.TheargumentthatChildrenarenolongeraneconomicas.set,butmoreofaliability,drewmoreattentionofthepublic.A.productivityB.possibilityC.responsibilityD.necessity11.Moregovernments,especiallyindevelopingnations,nowsupportfamilyplannedprogramstoreducepopulationgrowth.12.Thearticleopensandcloseswithdescriptionsoftwonewsreports,each______onemajorpointincontrastwiththeother.A.makesB.istomakeC.makingD.made13.Histhoughtswere______fromthepainfultopicbythesuddenarrivalofaclosefriend.A.dissuadedB.distractedC.discernedD.discounted14.Oneoftherealservicesofthehistoricalnovelisnotthatitcanbeasubstituteforhistory,butthatitcanbea(n)extension.A.complimentB.supplementC.instrumentD.replacement15.Sometimesadictionarydesignatesanounasattributive,whichmeansthatitcanbeusedtodescribeanothernounornameitsattributes.A.conveysB.definesC.indicatesD.explains16.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto______.A.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedonD.goout17.Afterthebigprojectwasaccomplished,theemployer______thenumberofmenworkingforhim.A.cutoffB.cutshortC.cutoutD.cutback18.Thegovernment'spoliciesinthepastfiveyearshaveshowna(n)______inemphasizingthenecessityofimprovingthepeasants'livelihood.A.exaltationB.coherenceC.agonyD.behavior19.2.

A.Thewomanasksthemanforleave.B.Themandoesnotwelcomethewoman.C.Themanisonavisittothewoman.D.Thewomanhopestolivewiththeman.20.Sincethematterwasextremely,______wedealtwithitimmediately.A.toughB.tenseC.urgentD.instant21.Nobodyatworkisveryhappy,becauselastweek'ssalesfigureswerepretty______.A.destroyingB.depressingC.decreasingD.declining22.Billhadbeenlookingforhisglovesforquiteawhile,which______eventuallyunderacushion.A.turnedupB.turnedonC.turneddownD.turnedover23.She'sfainted.Throwsomewateronherfaceandshemaysoon______.A.comeroundB.comebackC.comeagainD.comeout24.Peoplethought:Hey,eatacarpandyouwillbetakingin(what)itisthatgivesyouthese(fish)theirlong(life-span).Ofcourse,it(hasn't)donealotofgoodforthesecarp.

A.what

B.fish

C.life-span

D.hasn'tdone25.Developmentsin19th-eenturyEuropeareboundedbytwogreatevents.TheFrenchRevolutionbrokeoutin1789,anditseffectsreverberatedthroughoutmuchofEuropeformanydecades:WorldWarIbeganin1914.ItsinceptionresultedfrommanytrendsinEuropeansociety,culture,anddiplomacyduringthelate19thcentury.Inbetweentheseboundaries--theoneopeninganewsetoftrends,theotherbringinglong-standingtensionstoahead--muchofmodernEuropewasdefined.

Europeduringthis125-yearspanwasbothunitedanddeeplydivided.Anumberofbasicculturaltrends,includingnewliterarystylesandthespreadofscience,ranthroughtheentirecontinent.Europeanstateswereincreasinglylockedindiplomaticinteraction,culminatingincontinentwidealliancesystemafter1871.Atthesametime,thiswasthecenturyofgrowingnationalism,inwhichindividualstatesjealouslyprotectedtheiridentitiesandindeedestablishedmorerigorousbordercontrolsthaneverbefore.Finally,TheEuropeancontinentwastoanextentdividedbetweentwozonesofdifferentialdevelopment.ChangessuchastheIndustrialRevolution_andpoliticalliberalizationspreadfirstandfastestinwesternEurope-Britain,France,theLowCountries,Scandinavia,and,toanextent,GermanyandItaly.EasternandsouthernEurope,moreruralattheoutsetoftheperiod,changedmoreslowlyandinsomewhatdifferentways.

Europewitnessedimportantcommonpatternsandincreasinginterconnections,butthesedevelopmentsmustbeassessedintermsofnation-statedivisionsand,evenmore,oflargerregionaldifferences.Sometrends,includingtheongoingimpactoftheFrenchRevolution,ranthroughvirtuallytheentire19thcentury.Othercharacteristics,however,hadashorterlifespan.

Somehistoriansprefertodivide19th-centuryhistoryintorelativelysmallchunks.Thus1789-1815isdefinedbytheFrenchRevolutionandNapoleon;1815-1848formsaperiodofreactionandadjustment;1848-1871isdominatedbyanewroundofrevolutionandtheunificationsoftheGer-manandItaliannations;and1871-1914,anageofimperialism,isshapedbynewkindsofpoliticaldebateandthepressuresthatculminatedinwar.Overridingtheseimportantmarkers,however,asimplerdivisioncanalsobeuseful.Between1789and1849EuropedealtwiththeforcesofpoliticalrevolutionandthefirstimpactoftheIndustrialRevolution.Between1849and1914afullerindustrialsocietyemerged,includingnewformsofstatesandofdiplomaticandmilitaryalignments.Themid-19thcentury,ineitherformulation,loomsasaparticularlyimportantpointoftransitionwithintheextended19thcentury.26.A______tothisproblemisexpectedtobefoundbeforelong.A.resultB.responseC.settlementD.solution27.Wehavetheauthoritytocalltheclubbeforeusandtomakethemaccountforthemannerinwhichtheirplayingaffairsarebeingconducted.A.calculateB.forgiveC.explainD.demonstrate28.新聞與我們的日常生活息息相關(guān)。報(bào)紙、雜志、廣播、電視這些大眾傳播工具，是我們認(rèn)識(shí)周圍事物的耳目。踏入21世紀(jì)，我們雖然已經(jīng)走在高速信息公路上，可以借助因特網(wǎng)獲取資訊，然而，就功能和特征，受眾的接受程度以及傳播信息的方式來說，傳統(tǒng)的大眾傳播工具仍舊發(fā)揮著重要的作用。29.Theworstthingisthatsometimeshusbandslivethe______thattheycandoanythingevenwhentheyhavebeenrepeatedlyprovedwrong.A.delusionB.illusionC.misconceptionD.deception30.Inordertosurvivenowand______inthefuture,alltheworkingstaffmustconstantlycreatenewideasforeveryaspectofyourbusiness.A.maximizeB.thriveC.modernizeD.remain31.Directions:

Youaretowriteacompositionofnolessthan250wordsanddoyourcompositionneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.Yourcompositionshouldbebasedonthefollowingtopic.

Topic:OnKnowledgeandAbility32.ProfessorJeffrey'slectureontherecyclingofwastepaperandothergarbagewillshow______canstillbeimproved.A.thatthemunicipalauthoritieshavedoneB.howthosethemunicipalauthoritieshavedoneC.howwhatthemunicipalauthoritieshavedoneD.thathowthemunicipalauthoritieshavedone33.Theyare______offreefreshfruit.Theywanttogetbacktotheirherdsandstartfarmingagain.A.seekingB.dreamingC.longingD.searching34.Thoughherefusedanyresponsibilityforthefailureofthenegotiations,Stevensonhadnorightto______himself:itwashis______thathadcausedthedebacle.A.blame...skillB.congratulate...modestyC.berate...largesseD.absolve...acrimony35.Inaboldpromotional______forthemovie,hesmashedhiscarintoapassingtruck.A.aerobicsB.adobeC.sodD.stunt36.Iwouldhavegonetothelecturewithyou______Iwassobusy.A.exceptthatB.providedthatC.butthatD.onlythat37.TheTrojanWarprovedtotheGreeksthatcunningand______wereoftenmoreeffectivethanmilitary,might.A.artificeB.strengthC.wisdomD.beauty38.TheMinister's______answerledtoanoutcryfromtheopposition.A.impressiveB.evasiveC.intensiveD.amusive39.Myfriend'sparents______hertomarrythepooryoungman,butatlastshesucceeded.A.bannedB.prohibitedC.preventedD.forbade40.Inthepast10years,thecompanyhasgradually______allofitssmallerrivals.A.engagedB.occupiedC.monopolizedD.absorbed41.(Justas)childrentheworldover(like)Christmasmorning,(adultssolike)Christmaseveningwhen(peaceandcalm)returntothehousehold.A.JustasB.likeC.adultssolikeD.peaceandcalm42.Initsbroadestsense,attributiontheoryisconcernedwithhowordinarypeoplemakesenseoftheworldandit______morecontrollableandpredictablebymakingattributionsastothecausesofpeople'sbehaviorsandevents.A.deliveredB.renderedC.practicedD.suffocated43.Theeconomicsituation(willimprove)giventhatthereis(forecasttobe)less(unemployment)andclosuresthan(inpreviousyears).A.willimproveB.forecasttobeC.unemploymentD.inpreviousyears44.Somepeoplethinkit's______tosmokewithacigaretteholder,A.flexibleB.sophisticatedC.versatileD.productive45.Itwas______bytherailwayboardthatthecostofrailfareswouldbeincreasedbytenpercent.A.noticedB.statedC.proposedD.informed46.Themeritofasalestaxisthatitdecreasesgovernmentrelianceonincometaxes.A.outcomeB.supplyC.virtueD.balance47.______springsnotoutoftrueanddeepadmiration,butmoreoftenoutofaself-seekingwishtoidentifywithsomeoneimportantorfamous.A.AcomplimentB.AnadulatoryC.FlatteryD.Praise48.OnthisbarrenplaceonAikhanomHill,overlookingriel&pepperedwithlandmines,soldierscometolayastoneorsayaprayerforfriendslostinyearsofwar.A.infertileB.disastrousC.plausibleD.impeccable49.Duringacivildefenseexercise,thepolice______thestreetsineaseanyonetriedtoleavesheltertoosoon.A.pavedB.patrolledC.peeredD.permeate50.Internationalsportshouldcreategoodwillbetweenthenations,butinthepresentorganizationoftheOlympics,somehowencourages______patriotism.A.obsoleteB.aggressiveC.harmoniousD.amiable第1卷參考答案一.歷年考點(diǎn)試題黑鉆版1.參考答案：A應(yīng)改為with或at。2.參考答案：B(reiteration重復(fù))。句意為：這位劇作家不是因創(chuàng)見而聞名而是因重復(fù)別人提出的觀點(diǎn)而聞名。A．invention發(fā)明；C．consideration考慮；D．rejection拒絕。3.參考答案：從廣義上講，不動(dòng)產(chǎn)是土地和土地上所有固定不變的東西以及人們?cè)谄渲袚碛挟a(chǎn)權(quán)的性質(zhì)和程度。4.參考答案：A[解析]本題是說這位作家想通過小說向讀者們表達(dá)什么?convey的意思是“表達(dá)”，符合題意。如：Ican'tconveymyfeelingsinwords．

(我的情感難以言表。)其他三項(xiàng)“convince使確信；convert轉(zhuǎn)變；conform使符合”不正確。5.參考答案：B(fraud欺詐)。句意為：價(jià)格欺詐是該地區(qū)地震之后建筑費(fèi)上漲的主要因素。A．flaw缺點(diǎn)，瑕疵；C．flake薄片；D．fore先前的。6.參考答案：B[解析]本題為近形動(dòng)詞辨析題?？崭袂耙馑紴椤斑@座橋不夠堅(jiān)固”，空格后意思為“大卡車的重量”，由此可以推斷選項(xiàng)B．sustain(支撐)符合題意。retain保留，eliminatethefalseandretainthetrue；support=sustain支撐，supporttheweightof；obtain獲得，得到，obtainabook/degree；maintain維持，維修，maintainabalance/building。7.參考答案：略8.參考答案：C[解析]C項(xiàng)constraint“約束，強(qiáng)制”，如Soontiredoftheconstraintofmilitarylife(很快厭倦了軍事生活的約束)，根據(jù)空格處的意思：在法律規(guī)定的范圍內(nèi)，故選C。A項(xiàng)guideline“指導(dǎo)性原則”；B項(xiàng)definition“定義”；D選項(xiàng)dentity“身份”，均不符合題意。所以，本題選C。9.參考答案：B。根據(jù)句意，aneffectcanbecomeacause和reinforcetheoriginalcause不是并列關(guān)系，這樣句子存在謂語重復(fù)問題，應(yīng)該將reinforce變?yōu)?ing形式，與后面的producingthesameeffect保持形式上的一致。此處非謂語動(dòng)詞表伴隨。10.參考答案：Cliability責(zé)任，義務(wù)。responsibility責(zé)任，職責(zé)。productivity生產(chǎn)力。possibility可能性。necessity必需品，必要性。11.參考答案：C。plan和family是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。因此planned改為planning。12.參考答案：C[解析]eachmakingonemajorpointincontrastwiththeother為分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，放在主句之后，進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充細(xì)節(jié)情況。13.參考答案：B[解析]各選項(xiàng)的意思分別為：dissuaded勸阻，勸止，勸誡；distracted分神的，分散注意力的；discerned辨別，分清；discounted折扣，讓頭。答案是B。14.參考答案：B[解析]本題中，extension的意思是“延長(zhǎng)，擴(kuò)展”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，supplement的意思是“補(bǔ)充，附錄”，如：supplementone'sordinaryincomebywritingbooks(著書以增加正常的收入)。compliment的意思是“稱贊，問候”；instrument的意思是“工具，手段”；replacement的意思是“歸還，復(fù)位”。只有B符合題意。15.參考答案：Cconvey搬運(yùn)，傳達(dá)。define定義。indicate指出，顯示。explain解釋，說明。designate指明，指出。16.參考答案：D17.參考答案：D[解析]本題中cutoff意為“切斷”；cutshort意為“縮短，打斷”；cutout表示“切掉，停止，中斷”；cutback表示“減少(人員或開支)”。根據(jù)題意，應(yīng)選D。句意是：在這個(gè)大項(xiàng)目完成之后，老板裁減了他的雇員人數(shù)。18.參考答案：B[解析]本題空格處是說與強(qiáng)調(diào)改善農(nóng)民生活的必要性是一致的。B項(xiàng)coherence“一致”符合題意。其他三項(xiàng)exaltation“提升，提高”；agony“苦惱”；behavior“舉止，行為”都不正確。19.參考答案：C[解析]W:Can'tyoustaytwoorthreemoredays?M:No.Idon'twanttowearoutmywelcome.Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?20.參考答案：C[解析]A項(xiàng)tough意為“堅(jiān)韌的，堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的，不屈的，強(qiáng)橫的，難對(duì)付的”，B項(xiàng)tense意為“繃緊的，緊張的”；C項(xiàng)urgent意為“緊急的”；D項(xiàng)instant意為“立即的，迅速的”。句子的后半部分暗示了情況緊急。21.參考答案：B[解析]B選項(xiàng)depressing(令人沮喪的，消沉的)符合題意。A選項(xiàng)destroying的意思是“破壞，毀壞”；C選項(xiàng)decreasing的意思是“下降”，由于pretty所修飾的必須是個(gè)形容詞或副詞，所以decreasing不符合題意；declining的意義和用法都可以等同decreasing，也不適合。本題空格處是說上周的銷售額非常令人沮喪。因此B選項(xiàng)為正確答案。22.參考答案：Atarnup出現(xiàn)，找到。tarnon開啟。tarndown拒絕。turnover移交，翻身。23.參考答案：A[解析]A項(xiàng)“comeround蘇醒”符合題意。其他三項(xiàng)“B項(xiàng)comeback回來，恢復(fù)；C項(xiàng)comeagain重新趕上去；D項(xiàng)comeout出來，罷工，真相大白”都不正確。本題空格處說她可能會(huì)很快蘇醒過來。因此A項(xiàng)為正確答案。24.參考答案：A應(yīng)改為whatever。[解析]A項(xiàng)講的是不管是什么，應(yīng)改為whatever，意為“不管什么”。25.參考答案：[范文]

TheFrenchRevolutionin1789andtheWorldWarIin1914werethetwoboundariesinthedevelopmentsof19th-century'sEurope.

MuchofmodernEuropewasdefinedbetweenthesetwoboundaries.

Duringthatperiod,anumberofbasicculturaltrendsrunthroughtheentirecontinents.Europeanstateswerebusydealingwithdiplomaticinteraction,continentwidealliancesystemandthenationalism.WesternEuroperespondedtheIndustrialRevolutionandpoliticalliberalizationmuchfasterthaneasternandsouthernEurope.

Europeandevelopmentsshouldbevaluedaccordingtoregionaldifferencesanddifferenttrendshaddifferentlifespan.

19th-centuryhistoryusuallyisdividedintosmallparts.Theyare1789-1815,1815-1848,1848-1871,and1871-1914.Thereisanothersimplerdivision.Nomatterwhichonetakes,themid-19thcenturyisregardedasanimportantpointoftransition.26.參考答案：[解析]問題的解決方法為solution，且和to搭配。27.參考答案：Caccountfor對(duì)…做出解釋。explain解釋，說明。calculate計(jì)算，推算。forgive原諒，饒恕。demonstrate示范，證明。28.參考答案：

Newsiscloselyrelatedtoourdailylife.Suchmassmediaasnewspapers,magazines,radioandtelevisionareourmeanstoknowtheworldaroundus.Havingenteredthe21thcentury,weare"walking"ontheinformationhighwayandacquireinformationbymeansoftheInternet.Buttraditionalmassmediastillplayaveryimportantroleasfarastheirfunctionsandfeatures,thereceiver'sreceptivityandthewayinformationisspreadareconcerned.29.參考答案：A30.參考答案：B31.參考答案：參考范文

OnKnowledgeandAbility

Whenitcomestothetopicofknowledgeandability,therearevariousviewpointsamongpeople.Somepeopleholdtheideathataknowledgeablepersontendstobecomesuccessfulinoursociety,whileothersthinkthatitisuselesstoownalotofknowledgebutwithoutpracticalability,thereforeintheiropinionabilityismoreimportant.AsfarasI'mconcerned,bothknowledgeandabilityaresignificanttoourdevelopment,andweshouldcombineknowledgewithabilitybutnotseparatethem.

Inthefirstplace,inourdailylifeweoftenseesuchakindofpeoplewhoownmuchtheoreticalknowledge.However,whenasmalltaskisassignedtothem,theyfailtofulfillitordoitbadly.Similarly,somestudentswhohasjustgraduatedfromuniversityhavetoconfrontwithdifficultyoflookingforjobs,forthecompaniestheyapplyforarenotsurewhethertheyhavegotabilitytobecompetentforthejob.Thosewhocanprovetheirabilitywillwinthepositionmoreeasily.Soitisnotenoughtoonlypossessknowledge.

Inthesecondplace,itislimitedforaperson'sdevelopmentwithoutsolidbasisofknowledge.Thestoryofformerentrepreneursisagoodexample.Withtheirpreeminentabilityandcourage,theyfoundedmanyenterprisesthatplayedsignificantrolesinnationaleconomy.Butaseriousproblemtheyhavetoconsideristhattheknowledgetheypossesshasnotbeensufficienttomanageadevelopingenterprise,hencetheygotouniversitytoenrichtheirknowledgeofdifferentaspectsandemploytalentswithprofessionalknowledge.SoIcansayknowledgeisthespringsofability,itensuresourabilitynottodryup.

Inconclusion,itisundoubtedthatknowledgeisasimportantasabil