分析測(cè)定大黃及其生境中重金屬元素含量

分析測(cè)定大黃及其生境中重金屬元素含量作者：江德陽(yáng)(陜西理工學(xué)院化學(xué)與環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)院化學(xué)工程與工藝專業(yè)1101班陜西漢中723000)

指導(dǎo)教師：季曉暉［摘要］目的：測(cè)定鎮(zhèn)巴栽培的藥用大黃(RheumofficinaleBaill.)藥材中有害重金屬元素砷(As)、汞(Hg)、鉛(Pb)、鎘(Cd)的含量，為鎮(zhèn)巴白河、清水倆地藥用大黃(RheumofficinaleBaill.)的質(zhì)量提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。方法：氫化物發(fā)生原子熒光法測(cè)砷、汞;原子吸收分光光度法測(cè)鉛、鎘。結(jié)果：鎮(zhèn)巴清水、白河2個(gè)產(chǎn)地栽培的藥用大黃(RheumofficinaleBaill.)中砷(As)、鎘(Cd)、鉛(Pb)、汞(Hg)的RSD<3.0%符合國(guó)家相關(guān)規(guī)定。結(jié)論：實(shí)驗(yàn)分析側(cè)定大黃中重金屬既為鎮(zhèn)巴大黃藥材的質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)提供資料，也為中藥大黃中重金屬含量提供參考。［關(guān)鍵詞］大黃重金屬土壤原子熒光光譜法原子吸收分光光度法DeterminationofheavymetalelementsinRheumofficinaleanditshabitatbyAtomicFluorescenceSpectrometryJiangdeyang(ShaanxiUniversityofTechnologyChemicalEngineeringInstituteChemicalengineering1101classesHanzhoungCity,ShaanxiProvince723000)Tutor:JiXiaohuiAbstract:TheObjectiveisUsingtodetermineharmfulheavymetalsarsenic(As),mercury(Hg),lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd)contentofRheumofficinaleBaill.byatomicfluorescencespectrometry,andtoprovidescientificbasisforitsqualityformZhenbaqingshuiandbaihe.ThisexperimentisusingWaterbyHydrideGenerationAtomicFluorescenceSpectrometry.ResultsshowthatthequalitycertificateofRheumofficinaleBaill.isrightinconformitywithnationalregulation,becausetheRSDislessthan3%ofarsenic(As),mercury(Hg),lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd)formRheumofficinaleBaill.ExperimentalanalysisofsidesetinrhubarbheavymetalsnotonlyforqualityevaluationofrhubarbZhenbaprovideinformation,butalsoprovidedareferencefortheheavymetalcontentsinrhubarb.Keyword:RheumofficinaleBaill.HeavymetalsSoilAFSAASTOC\o"1-5"\h\z1前言11.1研究目的與意義11.2中藥大黃重金屬含量超標(biāo)的危害1砷超標(biāo)的危害1汞超標(biāo)的危害1鉛超標(biāo)的危害1鎘超標(biāo)的危害11.3中藥大黃重金屬污染的途徑以及應(yīng)對(duì)措施11.3.1重金屬污染途徑11.3.2重金屬污染防治21.4常用的檢測(cè)方法方法21.4.1原子熒光光譜法21.4.2原子吸收分光光度法21.4.3電感耦合等離子體發(fā)射光譜法21.4.4電感耦合等離子體質(zhì)譜法31.5大黃植株及其土壤的重金屬的消解31.5.1大黃及其生境中土壤重金屬消解方法31.5.2微波消解方法41.5中藥大黃的成分41.6大黃的應(yīng)用51.7市場(chǎng)調(diào)查62儀器與試劑62.1實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器62.2實(shí)驗(yàn)材料與試劑63大黃中重金屬測(cè)定63.1砷的測(cè)定63.1.1砷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液的配置63.1.2樣品試液的配置73.1.3砷的測(cè)定73.1.4溶劑影響的扣除73.1.5砷校準(zhǔn)曲線的制作73.2汞的測(cè)定73.2.1汞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)液的測(cè)定7樣品試液的配置83.2.3汞的測(cè)定83.2.4溶劑影響的扣除83.2.5汞校準(zhǔn)曲線的制作83.3鉛的測(cè)定83.3.1鉛標(biāo)準(zhǔn)液的測(cè)定8樣品試液的配置93.3.3鉛的測(cè)定93.3.4溶劑影響的扣除93.3.5鉛校準(zhǔn)曲線的制作93.4鎘的測(cè)定93.4.1鎘標(biāo)準(zhǔn)液的測(cè)定93.4.2樣品試液的配置93.4.3鎘的測(cè)定93.4.4溶劑影響的扣除93.4.5鎘校準(zhǔn)曲線的制作93.5檢出限測(cè)定103.6儀器精密度試驗(yàn)103.7重復(fù)性試驗(yàn)103.8加樣回收率試驗(yàn)103.9樣品的測(cè)定114大黃生境土壤重金屬含量的測(cè)定11土壤中砷的測(cè)定114.1.1樣品的制備114.1.2砷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線的繪制11土壤中汞的測(cè)定114.2.1樣品的制備114.2.2汞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線的繪制11土壤中鉛的測(cè)定114.2.1樣品的制備114.2.2鉛標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線的繪制11土壤中鎘的測(cè)定114.3.1樣品的制備114.3.2鎘標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線的繪制114.4樣品的測(cè)定115結(jié)果與討論11參考文獻(xiàn)12夕卜文翻譯：1陜西理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文陜西理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文第第#頁(yè)共20頁(yè)的替代乳腺癌的抗癌劑。盡管這項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)果在實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)用來(lái)ER-調(diào)節(jié)反應(yīng)和抗乳腺癌細(xì)胞的增殖，我們建議，掌葉大黃的雌激素成分，如大黃素和蘆薈大黃素，具有ER-mediated(雌激素)和ER-independent(抗乳腺癌)在細(xì)胞水平的影響，可以作為抗癌藥物。使用體外模型，與目標(biāo)分子介導(dǎo)雌激素或抗腫瘤活性的鑒定進(jìn)行功能分析。致謝該研究是由韓國(guó)京畿道省政府“grrc”項(xiàng)目的支持下完成的。參考文獻(xiàn)Adlercreutz,H.andMazur,W.,Phyto-oestrogensandWesterndiseases.Ann.Med,29,95-120(1997).Bolton,J.L,Pisha,E.,Zhang，F(xiàn).,andQiuS.,Roleofquinoidsinestrogencarcinogenesis.Chem.Res.Toxicol.,11,1113-1127(1998).Chen,Y.C.,Shen,S.C.,Lee，W.R.,Hsu,F.L.,Lin,H.Y.,Ko,C.H.,andTseng,S.W,EmodininducesapoptosisinhumanpromyeloleukemicHL-60cellsaccompaniedbyactivationofcaspase3cascadebutindependentofreactiveoxygenspeciesproduction.Biochem.Pharmacol.，64，1713-1724(2002).Ciocca,D.R.andRoig,L.M,Estrogenreceptorsinhumannontargettissues:biologicalandclinicalimplications.Endocr.Rev.,16,35-62(1995).Colditz,G.A.,Hankinson,S.E,Hunter,D.J.,Willett,W.C.,Manson,J.E.,Stampfer,M.J.,Hennekens,C.,Rosner,B.,Speizer,F.E.,andEngl,N.,Theuseofestrogensandprogestinsandtheriskofbreastcancerinpostmenopausalwomen.J.Med.,332,1589-1593(1995).Eaker,E.D.,Chesebro,J.H.,Sacks,F.M.,Wenger,N.K.,Whisnant,J.P.,andWinston,M.,Cardiovasculardiseaseinwomen.Circulation,88,1999-2009(1993).Henderson,B.E.,Ross,R.,andBernstein,L.,Estrogensasacauseofhumancancer:theRichardandHindaRosenthalFoundationawardlecture.CancerRes.,48,246-253(1988).Huang,H.C.,Chu,S.H.,andChao-lee,P.D.,VasorelaxantsfromChineseherbs,emodinandscoparone,possessimmuno-suppressiveproperties.Eur.J.Pharmacol.,198,211-213(1991).Kang,S.C.,Lee,C.M.,Choi,H.,Lee,J.H.,Oh,J.S.,KwakJ.H.,andZee,O.P.,Evaluationoforientalmedicinalherbsforestrogenicandantiproliferativeactivities.Phythother.Res.,20,1017-1019(2006).Koyama,M.,Kelly,T.R.,andWatanabe,K.A.,Noveltypeofpotentialanticanceragentsderivedfromchrysophanolandemodin.J.Med.Chem.,31,283-284(1998).Liang,J.W.,Hsiu,S.L.,Huang,H.C.,andLee-chao,P.D.,HPLCanalysisofemodininserum,herbsandChineseherbalprescriptions.J.FoodDrugAnal.,1,251-257(1993).Liu,R.,Li,A.,andSun,A.,PreparativeisolationandpurificationofhydroxyanthraquinonesandcinnamicacidfromtheChinesemedicinalherbRheumofficinaleBaill.byhigh-speedcounter-currentchromatography.J.ChromatographyA,1052,217-221(2004).Palacios,S.,CurrentperspectivesonthebenefitsofHRTinmenopausalwomen.Maturitas,33(S1),1-13(1999).Rymer,J.,Wilson,R.,andBallard,K.,Makingdecisi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