莎士比亞十四行詩

TheSonnetAsonnetisalyricpoemconsistingoffourteenlineswritteniniambicpentameterwithadefiniterimeschemeandadefinitethoughtstructureAlyricpoem

Dealswithemotions,feelingsIambicpentameterconsistsoffivemeasures,units,ormeters,ofiambsIambicpentameter

U/U/U/U/U/OnedayIwrotehernameuponthestrand,U/U/U/U/U/Butcamethewavesandwasheditaway:U/U/U/U/U/AgainIwroteitwithasecondhand,U/U/U/U/U/Butcamethetide,andmademypainshispreyEdmundSpenser,Amoretti,Sonnet75

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345RimeschemePetrarchan(Italian)（彼特拉克）rimescheme:abba,abba,cd,cd,cdabba,abba,cde,cdeShakespearean(English,orElizabethan)rimescheme: abab,cdcd,efef,ggSonnet18ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,Andsummer'sleasehathalltooshortadate:Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed,Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,Bychance,ornature'schangingcourseuntrimmed:Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow'st, Norshalldeathbragthouwander'stinhisshade,Whenineternallinestotimethougrow'st, Solongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee, Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.ABABCdCDEFEFGGThoughtstructureOctave/sestet Theoctave,eightlines,presentsasituationoridea. Thesestet(sextet),sixlines,responds,tothesituationorideaintheoctave.Quatrain,quatrain,quatrain,couplet Eachquatrain,fourlines,describesanideaorsituationwhichleadstoaconclusionorresponseinthecouplet,twolines.Sonnet18ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,Andsummer'sleasehathalltooshortadate:Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed,Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,Bychance,ornature'schangingcourseuntrimmed:Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow'st,Norshalldeathbragthouwander'stinhisshade,Whenineternallinestotimethougrow'st,

Solongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee,

Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.

Theoctavedescribesthewaysinwhichthesummer’sdayisinferiortothebeloved.Thesestetdescribesthewaysinwhichthebelovedissuperiortothesummer’sday.Sonnet29Whenindisgracewithfortuneandmen'seyesIallalone

beweepmyoutcaststate,Andtrouble

deafheavenwithmybootless

cries,Andlookuponmyself,andcursemyfate,Wishingmeliketoonemorerichinhope,Featuredlikehim,likehimwithfriendspossessed,Desiringthisman'sart,andthatman'sscope,WithwhatImostenjoycontentedleast;Yetinthesethoughtsmyselfalmostdespising,HaplyIthinkonthee,andthenmystate,LiketothelarkatbreakofdayarisingFromsullenearth,sings

hymnsatheaven'sgate;Forthysweetloverememberedsuchwealthbrings

ThatthenIscorntochangemystatewithkings.Thedictionoftheoctaveimpliesthespeaker’sself-pityanddepression.Thesestet’sdiction,inconrast,isjoyful.Sonnet73

Thattimeofyearthoumaystinmebehold

Whenyellowleaves,ornone,orfew,dohang

Uponthoseboughswhichshakeagainstthecold,

Bareruinedchoirs,wherelatethesweetbirdssang.

Inmethousee'stthetwilightofsuchday

Asaftersunsetfadethinthewest;

Whichbyandbyblacknightdothtakeaway,

Death'ssecondself,thatsealsupallinrest.

Inmethousee'sttheglowingofsuchfire,

Thatontheashesofhisyouthdothlie,

Asthedeath-bed,whereonitmustexpire,

Consum'dwiththatwhichitwasnourish'dby.

Thisthouperceiv'st,whichmakesthylovemorestrong,

Tolovethatwell,whichthoumustleaveerelong.1stQuatrainYear-Fall2ndQuatrainDay-Twilight3rdQuatrainFire-Coals“This”isll.1-12Sonnet73ThespeakerisPartoflifelivedThewholeoflifeinthefallofhislifethespringandsummertheyearinthetwilightofthedaythemorningandnoonthedayIntheglowingcoalsTheashesofyouthhourQ1Q2Q3YearDay

HourTimeisrapidlyshortening.Thattimeisrunningoutiswhatthebelovedperceives.TheUnsonnetLovingintruth,andfaininversemylovetoshow,Thatshe,dearshe,mighttakesomepleasureofmypain,Pleasuremightcauseherread,readingmightmakeherknow,Knowledgemightpitywin,andpitygraceobtain,—Isoughtfitwordstopainttheblackestfaceofwoe;Studyinginventionsfine,herwitstoentertain,Oftturningothers'leavestoseeifthencewouldflowSomefreshandfruitfulshowersuponmysun-burnedbrain.Butwordscamehaltingforth,wantinginvention'sstay;Invention,nature'schild,fledstep-dameStudy'