(珍藏版)非謂語動詞1

非謂語動詞Non-predicate

Verbs高考語法復(fù)習(xí)系列非謂語動詞概述英語中，動詞具有兩種形式：

1.謂語形式2.非謂語形式使用非謂語動詞的條件：在一個句子中，已經(jīng)存在一個謂語動詞，而又沒有連詞的情況下，其他的動詞就需要使用非謂語形式。Shegotoffthebus,_______(leave)herhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,but

_____(leave)herhandbagonherseat.leavingleft①

Atlast,wefoundourselvesinapleasantparkwithtreesprovidingshadeand_____downtoeatourpicniclunch.(2005上海）

A.sittingB.havingsatC.tositD.satD②Pricesofdailygoods_____throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.A.arebought B.bought C.havebeenboughtD.buyingB非謂語不定式（todo)過去分詞(-ed)-ing分詞-ed

分詞二非謂語動詞有哪些？非謂語動詞有哪些不同的形式？非謂語動詞一般式完成式一般式完成式動詞不定式過去分詞tobedonetohavebeendonebeingdonehavingbeendone及物動詞的過去分詞既表示被動又表示動作已完成,個別動詞的過去分詞只表示完成(多數(shù)為不及物動詞)主動形式被動形式todotohavedonedoinghavingdonedone-ing分詞二、非謂語動詞的基本用法不定式、動詞-ing

形式的動作若發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作之前，就用完成式，否則，用一般式。不定式、動詞-ing形式與邏輯主語之間若是主動關(guān)系，就用主動式，否則，就用被動式。Havingspent

thepastyearasanexchangestudentinHongKong,Lindaappearsmorematurethanthoseofherage.2)Theyworkeddayandnight,sendingsuppliestothefloodareas.3)Theproblembeingdiscussedisveryimportant.非謂語動詞作狀語2.原則這樣解讀①非謂語動詞作目的狀語,要想到用不定式;常與inorderto或soasto連用

Heoftenworksextrahourstoearnmoremoney.為了掙更多的錢,他經(jīng)常加班。②非謂語動詞作伴隨狀語,要想到用現(xiàn)在分詞;Thestudentsrushedoutoftheclassroom,laughingandtalking.

學(xué)生們又說又笑地沖出教室。③非謂語動詞作結(jié)果狀語,表示出乎意料的結(jié)果要想到用不定式,表示必然的結(jié)果要想到用現(xiàn)在分詞;Hesurvivedtheaircrashonlytodieinthedesert.他在空難中幸存卻死于沙漠。Heavyfogblanketedthecity,causingthedelayofmanyflights.濃霧籠罩城市,造成很多航班延誤。④非謂語動詞作原因狀語,表示“喜怒哀樂”的形容詞后要想到用不定式;Iamonlytooglad

toseeeverythingsettled.看到一切問題都解決了,我很高興。5.分詞作狀語可以表示時間、條件、原因、結(jié)果、伴隨或方式。分詞與邏輯主語的關(guān)系是主動的，用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之，用過去分詞。做狀語時，非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是主句的主語Hearingthenews,hecouldn’thelplaughing.（時間）Givenenoughtime,

Icandoitbetter.

（條件）Theglassfelltotheground,

breakingintopieces.(結(jié)果)Ourteachercamein,

followedbymanystudents

(伴隨）Notice:使用非謂語動詞做狀語時，一定要注意，非謂語動詞的邏輯主語一定要與該句話的主語保持一致。判斷下列句子正誤并改錯。1.TolearnEnglishwell,alotofpracticemustbedone.→TolearnEnglishwell,Imustdoalotofpractice.2.Seeingfromthehill,thecityismorebeautiful.→Seenfromthehill,thecityismorebeautiful.3.Beingill,hisclassmatesenthimtohospital.→Beingill,hewassenttohospital.4.Brokenbyhim,Ican'tusethecup.→Brokenbyhim,thecupcan'tbeused.(×)(×)(×)(×)Practise1).When_______(heat)waterwillbechangedintovapour.While_______(heat)water,wecanchangeitintovapour.2)______(see)fromthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful._______(see)fromthehill,youwillfindthecitybeautiful.3)Generallyspeaking,when________(take)accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.If________(take)thedrugaccordingtothedirections,youwillbebettersoon.

heatedheatingSeenSeeingtakentaking1.使役動詞，感官動詞接

不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語；和帶to的不定式作主語補足語。常見的使役動詞有make,let,have等；感官動詞有see,hear,watch,observe,notice,feel以及l(fā)ookat,listento等。

四非謂語動詞做賓語補足語Thebossmadethemworkthewholenightsee,hear等詞+sb.+dosth.與+sb.+doing的區(qū)別：不定式表示動作全過程，動詞-ING表示動作正在進(jìn)行Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.強調(diào)“我看見了”這個事實。Isawhimwokinginthegardenyesterday.強調(diào)我見他正在干活這個動作。非謂語動詞做賓語補足語2.常接分詞做賓語補足語的動詞有：have，keep,get,findsee,hear,watch,noticeetc.Isawhimworkinginthefieldyesterday.Hekeptthewaterboiling.Ifoundmycarmissing.Iwillhavemywatchrepaired.非謂語動詞做賓語補足語3.可以接不定式做賓語補足語的動詞常用的有：

ask,want,advise,allow,encourage,force,forbid,like,order,permit,persuade,request,require,tell,warn,urge,expect

這些詞后均可接+sb.todosth.的結(jié)構(gòu)

Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.Myteacheradvisedmetodomoreexercises.①

Iheardher______(sing)anEnglishsongjustnow.②Iheardher________(sing)anEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.③IheardtheEnglishsong______(sing)manytimes.

singsingingsung做補語時，非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是賓語1.動詞不定式作定語1.后置，表示將來ThisistheHopeProjectSchooltobebuiltnextyear.非謂語動詞作定語2.當(dāng)名詞有特定的定語,如形容詞\副詞的最高級,序數(shù)詞及next,only,right等,其后接不定式作定語。

Heisthefirststudent

tocomeandthelasttoleave.

Whereisthebestplace

tomeet?

Weneedthenextroom

toholdcorn.3.不定代詞something,nothing,little,much等習(xí)慣上用不定式做定語。Thereisnothing

toworryabout.4.不及物動詞構(gòu)成的不定式做定語，要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，這里的介詞不能省略。Ineedapentowritewith.非謂語動詞作定語2.動名詞作定語表示被修飾詞的用途drinkingwater,livingroom,sittingroom,washingpowder非謂語動詞作定語3.分詞作定語，單個分詞作定語前置,分詞短語作定語放在所修飾詞之后?，F(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示正在進(jìn)行和主動，

過去分詞作定語表示已經(jīng)完成和被動。boilingwater正在沸騰的水boiledwater白開水（煮開過的水，可能是涼的）aretiredworker一位退了休的工人做定語時，非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是所修飾的名詞①Thequestion__________(discuss)atthemeetingyesterdayisofquiteimportance.②Thequestion_____________(discuss)atthemeetingnowisofquiteimportance.③Thequestion______________(discuss)atthemeetingtomorrowisofquiteimportance.discussedbeingdiscussedtobediscussed不定式、動名詞作賓語

1.有些動詞后只跟不定式作賓語，如：

……

manage,promise,pretend,plan,offer,agree,ask,dare,choose,fail,help(幫助)，want(想要),refuse等。

2.有些動詞后只跟動名詞作賓語，如：……practise,appreciate,dislike,excuse,forgive,keep,resist,risk,deny,advise,fancy,complete,forbid,permit,allow,stand,referto,giveup,leadto,taketo,setabout,getdownto,objectto,succeedin,havedifficultyin...

3.在一些動詞后，可接不定式,也可接動名詞做賓語，但含義有差別。forget,remember,regret+doing

表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生；+todo表動作未發(fā)生trydoing試著做;trytodo

盡力做，想要做stopdoing

停止做某事

stoptodo

停下來做另一件事goondoing

繼續(xù)做某事（前后是同一件事）goontodo

接下來做某事(前后不是同一件事)meandoing

意味著...,意思是...

meantodo

故意或想要做某事can’thelpdoingsth

抑制不住、禁不住做某事can’thelptodosth

不能幫忙做某事

4.有些動詞如begin,start;love,like,hate,prefer后既可以跟不定式又可以跟ing分詞作賓語，意義上無多大區(qū)別(但ing分詞一般表示經(jīng)常性的行為；不定式表示具體的行為)。

Ilike__________verymuch,butIdon'tlike_________thisafternoon.

A.swimming,swimming

B.toswim,toswimC.swimming,toswim

D.toswim,swimmingC現(xiàn)在分詞應(yīng)該是“令人激動的”、“令人高興的”，過去分詞則是“感到激動的”和“感到高興的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。換句話說，若人對……感興趣，就是somebodyisinterestedin...，若人/物本身有趣時，就是sb./sth.isinteresting?，F(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別delighting令人高興的——delighted感到高興的disappointing令人失望的——disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的——encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的——pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人費解的——puzzled感到費解的satisfying令人滿意的——satisfied感到滿意的surprising令人驚異的——surprised感到驚異的worrying令人擔(dān)心的——worried感到擔(dān)心的不定式和ing分詞均能作主語，二者有何區(qū)別？

1.表示某一具體的動作時，多用不定式；表示比較抽象的一般行為傾向的，多用動名詞。

2.動名詞作主語時通常位于句首；不定式作主語時常置于句末，用it作形式主語放在句首。

1)Smokingisprohibited(禁止)here.2)Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch.

(抽象)(具體)

Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.若主語和表語都是非謂語動詞,應(yīng)保持形式上的一致。

確定分詞的使用的具體步驟1、根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)確定分詞的語法成分2、找準(zhǔn)邏輯主語3、判斷主、被動關(guān)系4、指出非謂語的動作是發(fā)生在句子謂語動作之前還是之后，從而確定考慮用完成式還是一般式。5.最后選定現(xiàn)在或過去分詞。難點七分詞作狀語的區(qū)別形式意義doing與句中主語是主動關(guān)系，與句中謂語（基本）同時發(fā)生havingdone與句中主語是主動關(guān)系，先于句子謂語動作發(fā)生done與句中主語是被動關(guān)系havingbeendone與句中主語是被動關(guān)系，且先于謂語動詞動作發(fā)生

動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由物主代詞或人稱代詞賓格、名詞所有格或普通格加動名詞構(gòu)成。

1)

LiPing’s/Myhelpinghermovedherdeeply.2)Iappreciateyour/you/LiPing’s/LiPingcomingtoseeme.3)Isthereanyhopeofourteamwinningthematch?4)Whatmademeangrywasmanystudentsfailingintheexam.

(動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語,其邏輯主語用賓格或所有格均可)(動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作主語,其邏輯主語用所有格)(邏輯主語是無生命名詞時,只用普通格)(以-s結(jié)尾的名詞,只用普通格)1)Iwouldappreciate_____backthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.you’recalling2)________madehermotherveryangry.A.MarymarryingJimB.Mary’smarriedJimC.Mary’smarryingJimD.Mary’sbeingmarriedJimCC五.非謂語動詞的否定形式not/never+非謂語動詞

Headvisedmenottoplaycomputergames.Nothavingfinishedmywork,Ican’tgooutwithyou.難點六with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)with+賓語+doingwith+賓語+donewith+賓語+todowith+賓語+adj./adv./prep-phraseWithyouhelpingmewheneverI’mintrouble,Ifeelverygratefultoyou.Withhiskeylost,hecouldn’tgetintotheoffice.Withalargefamilytosupport,heworkeddayandnight.Hestoodtheretrembling,withhisfaceredwithcold.Theboystoodtherewithhisheaddown.Heisdeepinthought,withhisheadinhishands.（主動、正在進(jìn)行）（被動、完成）（被動、未來動作）Practice：1.Withflowersandtrees__________(plant)everywhere,thecitytookonanewlook.2.Withtheguide____________(lead)theway,wearrivedthedestinationintime.3.Witheverythingneeded________(buy),theyleftthestorewithsatisfaction.4.Withsomethingnecessary___________(purchase),wedecidetogotothesupermarket.plantedleadingboughttopurchase難點七獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)用分詞短語作狀語時,它邏輯上的主語要與句子的主語保持一致,否則分詞短語就要有自己的邏輯主語,這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu).1.Alloursavingsgone,westartedlookingforjobs.2.Herushedintotheroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.1.Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.

2.Theexperimentfinished,thestudentswentontotakenotesintheexperimentreport.3.Thelightsoff,wecouldnotgoonwiththework.4.Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderhisarm.

構(gòu)成：n./pron.+doing/donen./pron.+adj./adv./todo./prep-phrase.動詞填空1.---Tomisaheavysmokerandheneverattemptstogiveupsmoking.---Youareright.It’snouse____________(try)topersuadesuchamantoquitsmoking.2.____________(maintain)physicalwell-being,apersonshouldeathealthyfoodandgetenoughexercise.3.____________(lose)inthebeautifulscenery,hefoundhimself____________(separate)fromhismates.4.Iadmirethatfamousscientistverymuch,soIwish________________(introduce)tohim.5.Thegirldidn’tsayanythingtome.Instead,shesatinthecorner____________(stare)atmybehavior.tryingTomaintainLostseparatedtobeintroducedstaring6.Onacoldnight,withhisseatbelt____________(fasten),hedrovehiscarouttolookforthelostchild.7.____________________(analyze)thesta