中考英語任務(wù)型閱讀理解技巧點(diǎn)撥試題

創(chuàng)作；朱本曉2022年元月元日任務(wù)型閱讀理解技巧點(diǎn)撥任務(wù)型閱讀是閱讀理解題的一種衍生題型，考生既要通過閱讀對所給文章的細(xì)節(jié)和主旨理解清楚，也要用文字表達(dá)出對文章的理解，是一種由閱讀理解向書面表達(dá)過渡的題型，因此它屬于讀寫結(jié)合題。任務(wù)型閱讀的題目設(shè)置多樣化，有填圖表、答復(fù)下列問題、完成總結(jié)、填空、翻譯等，考察多種才能，但側(cè)重考察的是語篇分析應(yīng)用才能，即把從閱讀中獲得的信息應(yīng)用在答復(fù)題目中。在實(shí)際解題中，可以采取“四讀〞的方法：讀題目、讀大意、讀細(xì)節(jié)、讀答案。一、讀題目認(rèn)真仔細(xì)閱讀題目，區(qū)分答題重點(diǎn)是主旨大意還是細(xì)節(jié)信息，再根據(jù)題目要求有目的地進(jìn)展下一步的文本閱讀，對題目類型和特點(diǎn)的關(guān)注也將出如今第四步的讀答案中。二、讀大意主要運(yùn)用快速閱讀(skimming)的才能，掃視文章大意，理解文章的根本信息及文體類型，弄清楚是記敘文、議論文還是說明文以及作者的寫作目的與態(tài)度等，為下一步完成任務(wù)作鋪墊。三、讀細(xì)節(jié)根據(jù)題目尋找關(guān)鍵詞，如動詞或者名詞，并以這些關(guān)鍵詞為線索，到原文中去尋找相關(guān)的句子和原始信息。試題構(gòu)造與文本順序大體一致，理清文章構(gòu)造會更便于搜索細(xì)節(jié)信息。四、讀答案根據(jù)查詢到的原文相關(guān)信息，仔細(xì)對照題目進(jìn)展比對，落實(shí)目的答案，再檢查答案的語法形式是否準(zhǔn)確，如時態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)、冠詞等，確保答案準(zhǔn)確。典型例題解析〔2021〕MaymeClaytoncollectedbooks,magazinesandletterswrittenbyAfricanAmericans.Herson,AveryClayton,thoughthercollectionwasimportant.Unlikemostbooks,thesewererareandhardtofind.TheywerewrittenbywriterswhohelpedshapeAfricanAmericanculture.OnebookinthecollectionwaswrittenbyPhillisWheatley.Wheatleywasaslavewhowrotepoetry.ShewasthefirstAfricanAmericantopublish(HY)abook.Wheatleyherselfsigned(簽名)thebookintheClaytons’collection.NooneelseownsacopysignedbyPhillisWheatley.Bythetimeshepassedawayatage83,MrsClaytonhadmorethan30,000booksbyoraboutblackpeople.Hercollectionalsoincludespapersaboutslaves,photographs,movies,sheetmusic,andpersonallettersbyblackleadersandartists.ItisoneofthebiggestpersonalcollectionsofAfricanAmericanhistoryandcultureintheUnitedStates.AveryClayton’sdreamwastocreateamuseumforhismother’streasures.ScholarssaythatMrsClayton’scollectionisveryimportant.Withoutherwork,partofAfricanAmericanheritage(遺產(chǎn))wouldhavebeenlost.“Wedidn’tknowthesethingsexisted,〞saysSaraHadronofCalifornia’sHuntingtonLibrary.Thecollection’snewhomeislikelytobeinCulverCity,“It’simportanttoofferamorecompletepicture.〞根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容，在每個橫線上填入一個最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。MaymeClaytonandHerCollectionA.Personalinformation·Sheliked1._________________books,magazinesandletterswrittenbyAfricanAmericans.·She2._________________whenshewas83yearsold.B.Hercollection·Comparedwithotherbooks,thebooksshecollectedcouldn’tbefound3.______________.·Theonlycopywrittenand4.__________byPhillisWheatleywasinhercollection.·Shehadalargecollection,5.__________books,paper,photographsandotherthingsbyblackleadersandartists.·Hercollectionisofgreat6.___________toAfricanAmericanhistoryandculture.C.Her7._______dream·A8.___________forthetreasurewouldbecreated.·Hehopesto9.___________theculturalrichescollectedbyhismotherwithmorepeople,especially10._____________.【解題指導(dǎo)】表格類型題目的明顯特點(diǎn)是表格內(nèi)容一般都能展示出文章的架構(gòu)，所以做此類題時，對文章的構(gòu)造要有清醒的認(rèn)識，同時也可以從表格的構(gòu)造來理解文章的構(gòu)造。答題技巧大致分為兩類：一類為從原文直接找到原句，如第1題可在原文中找到類似句：“MaymeClaytoncollectedbooks,magazinesandletterswrittenbyAfricanAmericans.〞可知本空填collect，但是在表示愛好的句子Sheliked____中動詞應(yīng)使用doing或者todo的形式，對于長期的愛好應(yīng)該使用doing，因此本空應(yīng)填collecting。第二類為題目是對原文中信息的轉(zhuǎn)述或者語言再現(xiàn)：如第3題Comparedwithotherbooks,thebooksshecollectedcouldn’tbefound3._____.是對文中句子“Unlikemostbooks,thesewererareandhardtofind.〞的另一種說法，rareandhard就是noteasy的意思，再根據(jù)句子表達(dá)需要使用副詞，所以本空填easily。典型例題解析〔2021〕Nowthereisafamilyproblem.Nearlyeveryparentsaysthatwenevergrowup.Infactweareprobably16or17yearsold.Intheireyes,wearealwayslittleonesandoftendowrongthings.Forexample,whenIneedtostayathomealone,theyalwaysworryaboutmeandmylifewithoutthem.Mostparentsalwaysthinkthattheyhaveofferedthebestthingstheycantomaketheirchildrenliveinacomfortableworld.Theybuytheirchildrenprettyclothes,coolshoes,everythingthattheycanfortheirdearchildren.Inreturn,theyonlywanttheirchildrentogetgoodresultsintheexams.Butwhystillcan’ttheirchildrenunderstandthem?Doesitmeanthatwestillwantmorematerialthings?No.Asamatteroffact,whatwewantisatruefamily.Whatdoesatruefamilymean?Ithinkitmeansaplacewherewecanhideourselvesfromthecoldworldoutside.Fromhere,wecangetwarmth,wecangetconsolation(撫慰),andwecangethappiness.Andoneimportantthingisthatweshouldbestrongerandmoreconfidentintheoutsideworldbecauseweknowthatwehaveatruefamily.SoIthinkthatparentsshouldsitdowntotalkwiththeirchildrentoletknowthattheyhaveatruefamily,sothechildrenandtheirparentscouldunderstandeachothermoreandmore.Then,parentswillnottreattheirchildrenaslittleones.1.Intheeyesofmostparents,childrennever____________andseldomdo_____________.2.Mostparentsalwaysthinkthey__________thebestthingsfortheirchildrentoliveintheworld_________.3.Childrenstill___________theirparentsbecausewhatchildrenneedmostisnotmaterialthingsbut_______.4.Mostparentswanttheirchildrentoget__________intheexamswhiletheirchildrenwanttoget________.5.Thewayto__________betweenparentsandchildrenisthattheyshouldhavemorecommunicationwitheachother.Then,nochildrenwill___________aslittleones.【解題指導(dǎo)】此類型題的設(shè)置順序通常遵循文章的順序。題目的句子源于文章但并不一樣，需要填空的詞并非直接從文章摘錄，而是通過理解做出對應(yīng)題目要求之答案，比方第1題中的seldomdo____就是文章中使用的oftendowrongthings的對立面，所以答題時就不能直接摘抄dowrongthings，而是這一構(gòu)造的同意轉(zhuǎn)換，所以填seldomdorightthings。有些還需要根據(jù)詞匯的使用規(guī)那么進(jìn)展選擇，以滿足語法的需要，比方第2題,雖然文中使用的是offer,但是題目中使用的是____sthforsb構(gòu)造，所以填provide。任務(wù)型閱讀理解模擬訓(xùn)練Passage1Brb(berightback),gr8(great),cya(seeyou)–it’saloteasiertouseabbreviations(縮寫)whenwetext,isn’tit?TheaverageAmericanteensends60textmessagesaday,andyoucanimaginehoweasyitcanbe.Butwhilewemightthinknothingofit,there’sanongoingdiscussionthattextmessagingcanhaveabadeffect(影響)onpeople’sgrammar.Manybelievetheabbreviationsaregivingstudentsbadhabitswhenitcomestospellingandpunctuation(標(biāo)點(diǎn)).Someteacherssaythattextingandsocialnetworkingcausestudentstobelazywhenwritingcorrectly.TherewasastudyinAugustintheNewMedia&Societyjournal.Itshowedthatyoungadultswhooftenusetextspeakfinditratherdifficulttoturnbacktocorrectgrammarwhenneeded.Butanotherviewisthattextmessaginghasnoeffectatall.Manypeopleconsiderittobealanguageofitsown.Itcouldbecomparedtostudentslearningaforeignlanguage.Thisdoesn’thaveaneffectontheirnativelanguage.Whetherit’sbadornot,itseemsthattextlanguageisbecomingverypopular.ThePewInternetandAmericanLifeProjectdidastudynamedWriting,TechnologyandTeensin2021.Accordingtothisstudy,64percentofteenssaidtheyusedinformal(非正式的)“textlanguage〞whentheyweredoingtheirwritinghomework.Butit’snotjustamatteroflanguage.Studentswhotextalotduringclassmayhavedifficultypayingattention.ScientistsattheUniversityofPittsburgh,US,didanotherstudy.Studentswereaskedtocompleteaquestionnaireonhowmanytextstheysentandreceivedduringclass.Onaverage,studentssentmorethantwotextmessagesduringlectureslasting50to75minutes.Theresearchshowedthatstudentswhooftentextduringclasscan’teasilykeeptheirattentiononthelesson.Andthishasaneffectontheirlearning.Using1.________whentextingA.People’sopinions?Abbreviationsarebadforstudents’2._________andpunctuationuse.?Studentsbecome3.________becauseoftextingandsocialnetworking.?Young4.________findithardtoreturntocorrectgrammaroncetheyhavegotusedtoabbreviating.?Itisconsideredtobea5.________.?Ithasnoeffectontheir6.________language.B.7.______ontexting?8.________percentofteenssaidtheyusedtextlanguageinhomework.?Onaverage,studentssentmorethan9.________textmessagesduringlecturesthatlastaroundanhour.?Itis10.________forthosewhotextalottopayattentioninclass.Passage2Canyouimaginewhatitwouldbeliketoliveandstudyinanancientcastle(城堡)?I’mtalkingaboutBritishboarding(寄宿)schools,wheresomechildrenactuallylivelikeHarryPotter(althoughsadlywithoutthemagic).BoardingschoolsinBritainarenotcheap.Theaveragecostis￡25,152(254,011yuan)forjustoneyear.Theschoolsareusuallyveryoldandrichinhistory.TheyplayedabigroleinBritishhistory,andhavecloseconnections(聯(lián)絡(luò))toOxfordandCambridgeuniversities.Studentsareusuallyverywealthy(有錢);PrinceWilliamandHarrybothwenttoEton,aschoolwhichhasproduced19Britishprimeministers(首相).Oneofthemostimportantthingsfortheseschoolsissport.Cricket(板球),rugby(英式橄欖球)androwing(賽艇運(yùn)動)areplayednearlyeveryday.Thesegamesbuildteamworkanddiscipline(紀(jì)律).ThereisafamoussayinginEnglish:“TheBritishEmpire(帝國)wasbuiltontheplayingfieldsofEton.〞BoardingschoolsoftenappearinEnglishbooksandfilms.Theyoungchildwithoutparentsgrowingupinaboardingschoolisfoundinhundredsofstories,althoughthemostfamousnowisHarryPotter.Boardingschoolsarebecominglesstraditional,though,andmoreinternational.Nearly9,000foreignkidsjoinedaBritishboardingschoollastyear,andathirdofthesecamefromChina.1.AreboardingschoolsexpensiveinBritain?______________________________________________________________________2.WhatistheschoolEtonfamousfor?______________________________________________________________________3.Whatcanstudentslearnfromthosedailysports?______________________________________________________________________4.HowmanyChinesestudentswenttoBritishboardingschoolslastyear?______________________________________________________________________5.Whatisthestorymainlyabout?______________________________________________________________________Passage3Humanstodaylookverydifferenttohowtheywerehundredsofthousandsofyearsago.Humanevolution(進(jìn)化)haschangedourbodiesinmanyways.Butthere’saquestionthatstillbothersthescientists.Willhumanskeepevolvingorhavewereachedtheendoftheline?ThescientificnameforhumansisHomosapiens(智人).SincemodernHomosapiensappearedaround50,000yearsago,therehavebeenfewphysicalchangesinourevolution.Oneargumentisthattechnologyandmedicinehavesloweddownevolution.Becausewearesmartenoughtobuildthingsthatsolveproblems,wedon’tneedourbodiestoadapt.Butmanyothersdisagree,andthereisalotofevidencethatwehavecontinuedtochangeovertime.Forexample,ourbrainshavebecomealittlebitsmalleroverthelast30,000years.Scientistssaythisisnotbecausewearebecomingmorestupidbutbecauseourbrainshavebecomemoreeffective.Butevolutionisn’tjustaboutobviouschanges.It’salsoaboutsmallgenetic(基因的)changeshappeninginsideofus.Themovementofpeoplearoundtheworldhascausedhumanstoadaptevenfaster.Ithasbecomeeasierfordiseasestospreadandthehumanbodyhastoactmorequicklytoprotectitself.Butit’simpossibletotellwhatmighthappennext.Manybelieveitisfoolishtotryandpredict(預(yù)知)thefutureofhumanevolution.Forexample,anextremechangeintemperature,liketheIceAge(冰河時代),couldmeanhumanshavetosuddenlyevolvemorequicklytoadapt.Otherwise,itcouldbethousandsofyearsbeforeweseeanybigphysicalchangeshappen.1.WhendidmodernHomosapiensstarttoliveonEarth?ModernHomosapienscameintobeing______________________.2.Whydosomepeoplethinktechnologyandmedicinehavesloweddownevolution?Becausetheythinktechnologyandmedicinecanhelpus________________easilyandourbodiesdon’tneedtoadapt.3.Whatdoscientiststhinkofourbrains’beingsmallerthan30,000yearsago?Theythinkourbrainshavebecome_________________________.4.Whatproblemshaspeople’smovementaroundtheworldbrought?Ithasmade______________tospreadeasily.5.WhathappenedduringtheIceAge?Therewasan__________________________.Passage4Dinnerisn’tcompletewithoutfood’sbestfriend:adrink.Theworld’smostfamousdrinksareamixofhistoryandculture,andusuallyshowupinthebiggestfestivals.So,let’sturnourtastebuds(味蕾)tothebestdrinkstheworldhastooffer.What’stheglobaldrinkforvictory(成功)?It’schampagne(香檳),atypeofwine.ItwasfirstmadeinaplaceinFrancecalledChampagne.Inthepast,onlyrichpeoplecouldaffordit.Butnow,champagneisusedatanybigeventorfestival.Interestingly,thewinnerofasportingeventissprayed(噴灑)withchampagne,butdoesn’tdrinkit.Ifchampagneisforexcitingmoments,thenteaisformorerelaxedsituations.Manyculturesenjoyasipofhotteaintheirwarmhomesduringwinter.WhileteacomesfromChina,theBritishlovetodrinkit,too.ItisBritain’sfavoritedrinkandpartofeverydaylifeformany.AccordingtotheUKTeaCouncil,165millioncupsofteaaredrunkeverysingledayintheUK.Besideswater,beerisoneoftheoldestdrinksthathumanshaveenjoyed.Itcomesinmanyflavors(風(fēng)味)aroundtheworld.Oneoftheworld’sbiggestfestivalsisa16-daycelebrationofbeer:theOktoberfestinMunich,Butremember:drinkingalcohol(酒精)canbebadforyoungbrains.Mostcountries,includingChina,don’tallowpeopletodrinkalcoholiftheyareyoungerthan18.1.Drinksareusuallyregardedasamixof________,andtheyplayanimportantrolein____________.2.Champagne,atypeof___________,istheglobaldrinkfor_______________.3.Champagneisfor__________________,whileteaisformore_______________moments.4.Tea_________________China,butitisalsoverypopular_____________.5.Drinkingalcohol____________youngbrains,sopeopleunder18are_____________it.參考答案任務(wù)型閱讀理解技巧點(diǎn)撥【2021】1.collecting 2.died 3.easily 4.signed 5.including6.importance 7.son’s 8.museum 9.share