2023年研究生類(lèi)研究生入學(xué)考試專(zhuān)業(yè)課英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)2010-2022歷年真題選編帶答案難題含解析

2023年研究生類(lèi)研究生入學(xué)考試專(zhuān)業(yè)課英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)2010-2022歷年真題選編帶答案難題含解析（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）第1卷一.歷年考點(diǎn)試題黑鉆版(共75題)1.Eleventhhour2.Someobserversnotethatsuchbattleswillbeunnecessaryifwehadhigh-qualityday-carecenteratworkplacesandmorereasonableworkschedulesforbothmothersandfathers.

A.note

B.will

C.atworkplaces

D.schedules3.Althoughhesufferedfromdiscrimination,MartinLutherKingisamanwhobelievedinreconciliationandonlyrarely______agrudgeduringhisCivilRightsmovementA.hecarriedB.didhecarryC.whenhecarriedD.thathecarried4.Moreover,becausemothersaremuchmorelikelythanfatherstotaketimeofffromworktocarefortheirchildren,womenworkers,asagroup,fallpermanently______maleworkersintermsofpay,benefitsandseniority.5.JurgenHabermasrepresentsthesecondwaveofCriticalTheory.Hewasnota______oftheothermembersoftheFrankfurtschool.However,heisincludedintheschoolofthoughtbecausehisworkcontinuesthecritiquethattheothersbegan.(contemporary)6.TheMinistryofScienceandTechnologyalsosaidinJulythatanindependentwatch-dogwillbecreatedtoscrutinizetheuseofresearchfunds.A.criticizewithbiasB.justifywithevidenceC.providewithassistanceD.examinewithgreatcare7.TheeraofrealisminCanadianliterature8.______thatcarriedthetraditionof19th-centuryAmericanRealismtoperhapsitshighestlevelofachievement.A.ThomasEakinsB.ItwasthepainterThomasEakinsC.ThomasEakins'paintingsD.WhyitwasThomasEakins9.Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegree______theycanbedeliberatelycontrolledandmodified.A.towhichB.inwhichC.atwhichD.onwhich10.IsuspectthatthereisquitealotoflorestoredawayintheColonel'sotherwisenotveryinterestingmind.11.TocelebrateTheRoyalBallet's75thanniversary,telegraphreaderswereofferedan______invitationtoayear'smembershipoftheFriendsofCoventGardenfor￡60.A.extendedB.exclusiveC.extortionateD.extraneous12.Whoeverformulatedthetheoryoftheoriginoftheuniverse,itisjust______andneedsproving.A.spontaneousB.hypotheticalC.intuitiveD.empirical13.Thewriterbuildswithwords,andnobuilderusesarawmaterialmoreslipperyandelusiveandtreacherous.Awriter'sworkisaconstantstruggletogettherightwordintherightplace,tofindthatparticularwordthatwillconveyhismeaningexactly,thatwillpersuadethereaderorsoothehimorstartleoramusehim.Heneversucceedsaltogether—sometimeshefeelsthathescarcelysucceedsatall—butsuchsuccessesashehasarewhatmakethethingworthdoing.

Somewordsarewhatwecall"colorful".Bythiswemeanthattheyarecalculatedtoproduceapictureorinduceanemotion.Theyaredressyinsteadofplain,specificinsteadofgeneral,loudinsteadofsoft.Howeveritshouldnotbesupposedthatthefancywordisalwaysbetter.Oftenitisaswelltowrite"Herheartbeat"or"Itwashot"inplaceof"Herheartpounded"or"Itwasblistering"ifthatisallitdidorallitwas.Agesdifferinhowtheyliketheirprose.Thenineteenthcenturylikeditrichandsmoky.Thetwentiethhasusuallypreferreditleanandcool.Thetwentiethcenturywriteriswaryofsoundingfeverish.Hetendstopitchitlow,tounderstateit,tothrowitaway.Heknowsthatifhegetstoocolorful,theaudienceislikelytogiggle.14.Herehundredsofpedestriansjostleeachotheronthestreets,camelscarrymerchandiseinfromtheSilkRoad,andteahousesandrestaurantsdoathrivingbusiness.15.Therearemiserabledayswhenyoufeellousy,grumpy,lonely,andutterlyexhausted.16.Forthosewhobelieveadditionaltrainingwouldbebeneficial,aboosterprogramisavailable.A.programintendedtofacilitatestudentneedsB.programsetupforstudentswithspecialtalentsC.programtobeofferedtostudentswithlimitedabilitiesD.programdesignedtoescalatestudentperformance17.Ifsuchfiguresaresustainedinmoredetailedpolling,Mr.Bushwillhave______inreversingslidingdomesticsupportforwarwithIraq.(success)18.Iamconcerned,asIsaidthatitsuserswanttoforcetheirviewoftheworld,itspeopleanditsproblemsontherestofus.ButIhaveanother______aswell:P.C.languageattemptstoglossoveranddistorttruth—topurifyit.19.Ⅰ.Readthefollowingtwofables.DotheEnglishfableandtheChinesefabletellthesamelesson?Ordotheytelldifferentlessons?WriteONEparagraphofabout80wordsinEnglishtoexplainyourunderstandingofthetwofables.Youshouldanalyzethefablestoillustrateyourpoint.

TheWolfinSheepskin

Aesop

Therewasonceawolfwhogrewtiredofhuntingforhisfood.

"It'ssuchhardworkandit'snofunbeing.shotatbyangryfarmers."

Sohethoughtofacleverplan.Hedecidedtowraphimselfinasheepskinandliveinasheeppen.Thenwhenhegrewhungry,hecouldkillanicefatlambforhisdinnerandnothavetohunttofindit.

However,thatsamenightthefarmeralsodecidedthathewouldlikelambfordinnerandwentdowntothesheeppen.Itwasverydarkandthefarmergrabbedandkilledthefirstsheephefound.Imaginehissurprisewhenhefoundhehadkilledawolf!

披上虎皮的山羊

陳金安

有只山羊在森林里與那些跟它一樣弱小的動(dòng)物們生活在一起，平時(shí)它們都集體外出，走路都格外小心，就連吃草的時(shí)候也還得隨時(shí)東張西望，提心吊膽地警惕著猛獸的侵襲。山羊覺(jué)得自己活得太委屈了，自己要是能像虎豹那樣威風(fēng)該多好。

一次，山羊獨(dú)自走到森林邊上，忽然發(fā)現(xiàn)地上有一張虎皮，也不知是哪一位獵人丟下的。開(kāi)始，山羊還有些害怕，不敢上前去撿這張虎皮。幾經(jīng)猶豫后，山羊壯了壯膽，拾起了虎皮，它覺(jué)得挺有趣的。突然它靈機(jī)一動(dòng)：要是我穿上這身虎皮，不也會(huì)很威風(fēng)嗎?誰(shuí)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)我是一只假老虎呢?于是，山羊把虎皮披在自己身上，在森林里走著。

當(dāng)山羊走到自己的住地的時(shí)候，那些和自己一樣弱小的動(dòng)物突然看到“老虎”來(lái)了，都嚇得跑的跑，躲的躲。四處逃竄。山羊見(jiàn)此情景，心里覺(jué)得自己果然很了不起?，F(xiàn)在，自己再也不用提心吊膽地過(guò)日子了，山羊一邊這樣想著，一邊向一片草地走去。

山羊來(lái)到草地上，伙伴們都不認(rèn)識(shí)它了，一個(gè)個(gè)離它遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)的。于是，披著虎皮的山羊自由自在地在草地上吃起草來(lái)。正當(dāng)山羊香噴噴嚼著青草的時(shí)候，突然一只狼朝它走來(lái)。披著虎皮的山羊不由自主地顫抖起來(lái)。本來(lái)有點(diǎn)遲疑不決的狼看出了破綻，一下子撲倒假老虎，飽餐一頓，揚(yáng)長(zhǎng)而去。20.TheindividualTVviewerinvariablysensesthatheorsheis______ananonymous,statisticallyinsignificantpartofahugeanddiverseaudience.A.nothingmorethanB.everythingexceptC.anythingbutD.nolessthan21.Itmaysoundobvious,butwhenyou'retruly______toyourgoal,givingupisn'tevenanoption.22.Theeconomic______thathitSoutheastAsiain1997wasblamedbysomeonthequickretreatofWesterninvestors.A.boomB.slumpC.situationD.cycle23.Hesharesthesamerottentasteswithsomedubiouscharacters.Thisisclearlyshowninthereport.24.Theglobaltradeenvironmentismuch______fortheircountriesnowthanduringtheAsiancrisisoffouryearsago.(tough)25.Fromthatyearon,therewasa______racebetweentabloidnewspapersastowhocouldgettheirhandsontheChristmascardsoftheroyalfamilyfirst.A.crazyB.frenziedC.desperateD.terrible26.Earlierthatyear,UNESCOlistedKunquasanIntangibleCulturalHeritage.A.hypotheticalB.valuableC.nonphysicalD.unchangeable27.Themillionsofcalculationsinvolved,hadtheybeendonebyhand,______allpracticalvaluebythetimetheywerefinished.A.couldloseB.wouldhavelostC.mightloseD.oughttohavelost28.Herwoebegoneexpression,herhangdogmanner,herover-anxiousnesstoplease,orperhapsherunconscioushostilitytowardsthosesheanticipatedwillaffronther—allacttodriveawaythosewhomshewouldattract.29.Tohaveaheartofg______meanstohaveaverykindcharacter.30.Bycontrast,thegoodideasare______fromthefacultyoftheunderstanding—orreason—androughlyinvolveeithermathematicaldemonstrationorfactualpredictions.(derive)31.Theuniversitieshave______theintellectualpioneersofourcivilization—thepriests,thelawyers,thestatesmen,thedoctors,themenofscienceandthemenofletters.(train)32.Sometimesachild______stressathomeorschoolmayhaveanunpleasantexperiencewithaninsectoranimal,andtransferitsanxietytothecreatureconcerned.33.Hispoorhealth______himtoreignfromhisjob.A.compelledB.treasuredC.transplantedD.trimmed34.Astatictechnocraticorder,bycontrast,requiresaverydifferentsortofpersonality:adronedwhodoeswhatheistoldandshunsnovelty,someonewhoavoidsfacing,or______challenges.A.composingB.proposingC.imposingD.posing35.Theeighteenth-centuryBritishthinkerEdmundBurkemadethefollowingobservationaboutthebenefitsofopposition:"Hethatwrestleswithusstrengthensournervesandsharpensourskill.Ourantagonistisourhelper."

Inyourview,towhatextentcanwebenefitfromoppositiontoourideas,opinions,ordesires.Writeanessayofnolessthan300wordsthatdefendschallenges,orqualifiesBurke'sstatementaboutthebenefitsofopposition.Youshouldpresentyourargumentwithreasonsandexamples.

PleasewriteyouressayonyourAnswerSheet.36.IndigenousAustraliansbelievethatreconciliationisnecessarybutthegovernmentshould,mostimportantly,makeaformalapologyforwhattheydidinthepast.A.conflictB.confrontationC.rapprochementD.reconnaissance37.Atpresent,thereisheateddiscussiononwhetherweshouldbeencouragedinhavingagoldenweekholidayforMayDay.

Youaretowriteacompositionofapproximately300wordsonthisissue.Inthefirstpartofyourcomposition,youshouldpresentyourthesisstatement;andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportthethesisstatementwithdetails.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusion.

Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Writeyourresponseontheanswersheet.38.Parents______sendingtheirchildrentoSinfin,Derby,wouldhavereadthatstandardshad"risensignificantly"overthepreviousthreeyearsandthat,thankstoimprovementsinteaching,mostpupilswerenow"atorjustbelowthelevelexpectedoftheirage".A.contemningB.contestingC.contemplatingD.consulting39.Advantagesthatcomewithajob,apartfromwagesorsalary,arecalled______.A.profitsB.supplementsC.earningsD.benefitsorperks40.Asshesatfacingtheopenwindow,shecouldseeintheopensquarebeforeherhousethetopsoftreesthatwereallaquiverwiththenewspringlife.Thedeliciousbreathofrainwasintheair.Inthestreetbelowapeddlerwascryinghiswars.Thenotesofadistantsongwhichsomeonewassingingreachedherfaintly,andcountlesssparrowsweretwitteringintheeaves.Therewerepatchesofblueskyshowinghereandtherethroughthecloudsthathadmetandpiledoneabovetheotherinthewestfacingherwindow.41.Heputallthereferencebooksinthecupboard______heborrowedfromthelibrary.A.whereB.inthatC.whichD.inwhich42.Atpresent,itisnotpossibletoconfirmortorefutethesuggestionthatthereisacausalrelationshipbetweentheamountoffatweeatandthe______ofheartattacksA.incidenceB.impetusC.ruptureD.emergence43.Idecidedtofacethesituation______—thepaltrychildsupportthatthecourthadorderedmyhusbandtopaybarelykeptfoodonthetable.A.squarelyB.solemnlyC.severelyD.enthusiastically44.Oncestarted,achainreactionsustainsitselfwithout______outsideinfluence.A.endlessB.additionalC.interruptiveD.measurable45.Mariahasn'tbegunworkingonherPh.D.______workingonhermaster's.A.stillbecausesheisyetB.yetasaresultsheisstillC.yetbecausesheisstillD.stillwhilesheisalready46.Theteamneedssomeencouragementtowinthegame,sothecaptaingavetheplayersa(p______)talk.47.Apparently,amarketinggeneralistcannotbeentrusted______theimportanttaskofwriting.Somecompanieshaveturnedthistaskovertopublicrelationsfirms.48.Thecityis______ofthreesections,whichareseparatedbyrivers.A.upsetB.valuedC.composedD.Ventured49."Whenwefirstinvestedinthedigitalnetworksetup,manypeoplefoundithardtounderstandwhatweweredoingbecausetheinvestmentinvolvedseveralhundredmillionYuan—alargesumofmoneybyanyone'sstandards."Thepresumptionisthateachinstalledhouseholdwouldeventuallypayafeeof200Yuanperyear.A.hypothesisthatistakenforgrantedB.immediateresultC.adjustmenttothenewenvironmentD.mandatoryrequirement50.Irememberatime..,wheneveryartistthoughtheowedittohimselftoturnhisbackontheEiffelTower,asaprotestagainstthearchitecturalblasphemywithwhichitfilledthesky.51.CanyoubelievethatIwonthephotocontestwiththe______ofthetwopicturesthatwasmostesthetic,eventhoughIonlytriedtohangthemwheretherewerenails!A.pseudonynB.trappingsC.corollaryD.juxtaposition52.Thecommitteemembersresented______themofthemeetingA.thepresidentthathedidnottellB.thepresidentnottoinformC.thepresident'snotinformingD.thepresidentthathefailedinforming53.Ifsomeoneraiseshis/here______,he/sheisverymuchsurprisedorshowsdisapproval.54.NotwomanheldapresidentialcabinetpositionintheUnitedStatesuntil1933,whenFrancesPerkinsbecameSecretaryofLabor.55.Intheabsenceoffriction,belts______inconveyingpowerfromonemachinetoanotherA.willnotbeusedB.couldnotbeusedC.maynotbeusedD.cannot,beused56.Whenoverallexportsexceedimports,acountrysaidtohaveatradesurplus.57.Severalresearchershavestudiedthemate-selectionprocess,andaccordingtoasynthesisoftheirfinding,choosingamateoccursinthreestages:thestimulusstage,thevaluesstage,therolesstage.

A.havestudied

B.and

C.finding

D.values58.Fromthediscouragementofhisminingfailures,MarkTwainbegandigginghiswaytoregionalfameasanewspaperreporterandhumorist.59.Hecouldexactlyrecallwhenthethoughtoccurredtohim,becauseitwasclearhehadmorethanonceconsideredsuggestingtotheboythathegooutwithMiriam.

A.when

B.occurredto

C.suggesting

D.goout60.InstructorsattheschoolofAmericanBalletfirstexamineayoungapplicant'sinsteptoseewhetheritispliantandshowspromisingofgoodarch.61.AndIknowofnootherqualitiesthanthesewhichmakefortheperfectionofthemind;forastoreason,orgoodsense,inasmuchitalonemakesusmenanddistinguishesusfromthebeasts.

A.Iknowof

B.than

C.inasmuch

D.from62.Foramoment,Iwascompletelytakenabackbyherrequest.63.AnexpansionaryandcomprehensivepolicypackageisneededtoenabletheU.S.economytoescapefromitspresent______trap.A.inflationaryB.briskC.deflationaryD.stagflationary64.Thefactthatpeoplefindchangedifficultistakenas(g______).65.HeisbeinginvestigatedbytheGeneralMedicalCouncilafteritemergedthathe______torevealtothedefensetheresultsoftestswhichshowedthechild'sspinalfluidwasinfectedwithhighlevelsofthestaphylococcusaureusbacteria.(failure)66.Itwasnotahouse,notevenasquatter'shut.Hethoughteverybodylivedfartooelaborately,expensively,anxiously.What______isahouse?Nooneneedsprivacy:naturalactsarenotshameful.(good)67.宗教和巫術(shù)不只是解釋事物并幫助人們實(shí)現(xiàn)種種目標(biāo)。它們還涉足人類(lèi)的情感領(lǐng)域。換言之，它們既滿足認(rèn)知(即解釋性)的需要，又滿足情感的需要。如超自然信仰和習(xí)俗有助于緩解焦慮情緒。巫法可祛除人們對(duì)結(jié)局無(wú)計(jì)可施時(shí)所出現(xiàn)的種種疑慮。同樣，宗教還有助于人們面對(duì)死亡并忍受種種人生危機(jī)。

盡管所有的社會(huì)均具應(yīng)對(duì)日常事務(wù)之法，但有些方面終歸世事難料。據(jù)一位著名學(xué)人的觀點(diǎn)，人們面臨無(wú)常和危險(xiǎn)之際，往往求助于巫術(shù)。68.Weagreedtopayforthecarinfive______.A.installmentsB.down-paymentsC.paymentsD.times69.Jackwaskickedupstairswhenherefusedtocarryouttheordersfromhishigher-ups.70.TheSupremeCourtissuedaunanimousdecisioninthiscase.A.disguisedB.resoundingC.partiallyagreedD.wellagreed71.Inhisignorance,helaybleedingandwishinghecould______outforhelp,buttherewasnovoiceinhisthroat.72.Tenyearsago,Dr.PeterMolanandhiscolleaguesattheUniversityofWaikatoinNewZealandwereintriguedbyseveralreportsthatconfirmedthetraditionalMaoriremedyofhoneyfordyspepsiaandsimilar______ofthestomach.A.disordersB.ulcersC.cancerD.disease73.LordJusticeKaysaid:"Thisresultedfromthefailureofthepathologistto______withotherdoctorsinvestigatingthecauseofdeathinformationthatacompetentpathologistoughttohaveappreciatedneededtobeassessedbeforeanyconclusionwasreached."(share)74.Althoughherinitialsuccesswas______bythefactshewasthedaughterofafamousactor,thecriticslateracclaimedherasastarinherownright.A.enhancedB.impededC.refutedD.superseded75.Acomputercrimeinvolvestheuseofacomputertocommitabroad______ofoffences,includingfraud,theft,vandalism,sabotage,andsoon.第1卷參考答案一.歷年考點(diǎn)試題黑鉆版1.參考答案：atthelastpossiblemoment:justintime2.參考答案：B：will→would[解析]由從句可知本題使用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句用一般過(guò)去式，主句即為would+動(dòng)詞原形。3.參考答案：B[解析]句意：盡管遭受歧視，馬丁·路德·金還是堅(jiān)信和解的方針，在民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)期間極少聽(tīng)到他的抱怨。only置于分句的句首，其后的句子要保持倒裝，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。答案為B。4.參考答案：behind[解析]fall為不及物動(dòng)詞，后接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)要與介詞搭配使用。fallbehind為固定搭配，“落后”。5.參考答案：contemporary[解析]句意：尤爾根·哈貝馬斯代表的是批判學(xué)派的第二代代表人。他與法蘭克福學(xué)派的其他成員不是同一個(gè)時(shí)代的人。然而，他仍被看作這個(gè)學(xué)派的一員，這是因?yàn)樗闹骼^承了該學(xué)派其他人所創(chuàng)立的批評(píng)理論。此處需要一個(gè)名詞，contemporary可以用作名詞，表示同時(shí)代的人。6.參考答案：D[解析]句意：科技部七月份宣布將設(shè)立一個(gè)獨(dú)立的監(jiān)督部門(mén)以檢查研究基金的使用情況。scrutinize：toexamineorobservewithgreatcare；inspectcritically細(xì)看，仔細(xì)檢查，詳細(xì)檢查或仔細(xì)觀察，很挑剔地檢查。選項(xiàng)A：持有偏見(jiàn)的批評(píng)，B：用證據(jù)證明，C：提供輔助，D：仔細(xì)檢查。7.參考答案：CanadianliteraturecollectivelyisoftencalledCanLitorCanlit.Canada'sdominantcultureswereoriginallyBritishandFrench,aswellasaboriginal.Canada'sliterature,whetherwritteninEnglishorFrench,oftenreflectstheCanadianperspectiveon:(1)nature,(2)frontierlife,and(3)Canada'spositionintheworld,allthreeofwhichtieintothegarrisonmentality.Canada'sethnicandculturaldiversityarereflectedinitsliterature,withmanyofitsmostprominentwritersfocusingonethniclife.

TheeraofrealisminCanadianliteratureoccurredafterconfederationin1867whenCanadawasseenasasingleentity.Thiswasalsoanerainwhichthemodernworldcameintobeing,throughaperiodofrapidsocialchangesthroughoutthenation.Inonewaythisprocesswasseenasthenatural,plotswereworkedoutinacoherentandpredictablefashion;theconclusionfollowedrationallyfromwhatwentbefore,thoughmuchoftheactualcontentmightberomanticfantasy.Moreover,realisticnovelscameinthewakeoflocalcolourisminthe1920s,withthemajormotifofdepictingfarmer'slifeinthewesternmeadow.OneoftherepresentativesisRobertStead(1880—1959).Thecontentofthoselatterworksexpandedtorevealtheparadoxicalaspectsincommonlifeandthedarksideofsociety.RepresentativeworksinthisperiodincludedFrontierintheSwamp(1925)ofFrederikGrove,whichpresentedtousthephysicalandspiritualsufferingofmigrantsintheelementsofnature.RealisticwriterMorleyCallaghanwasthefirsttoillustratetheinsignificanturbansoulsandtheunderdogsinlife.8.參考答案：B[解析]句意：正是ThomasEakins繼承了19世紀(jì)美國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的傳統(tǒng)，將其提升到了最高水平。本句考查的是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：Itis(was)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(who)...表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的it在句子中做主句的主語(yǔ)，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或者狀語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)如果是人，that和who都可用。本句中，如果把構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的詞itis...that...去掉，只有B能構(gòu)成完整的句子，這也是判斷是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的方法。因此，答案為B。9.參考答案：A[解析]句意：人類(lèi)的面部表情與動(dòng)物的不同之處在于，人類(lèi)可以任意控制和改變自己的表情。本題中考查的是定語(yǔ)從句中介詞加上關(guān)系代詞的使用，“tothedegree”是固定搭配，意為“在某種程度上”。答案為A。10.參考答案：IthinkthereisquitealotofknowledgeintheColonel'smind,whichisnotsointerestingotherthanthat.11.參考答案：A[解析]句意：為慶祝皇家芭蕾舞團(tuán)成立75周年，觀眾接到邀請(qǐng)，支付60英鎊即可獲得考文特劇團(tuán)一年的會(huì)員資格。A：奉獻(xiàn)，發(fā)出。B：?jiǎn)为?dú)的，排他的。C：敲詐的，過(guò)高的，昂貴的，勒索的。D：無(wú)關(guān)系的，外來(lái)的。toextendaninvitation：發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)，此系固定表達(dá)。12.參考答案：B[解析]句意：不論是誰(shuí)提出的有關(guān)宇宙起源的理論，該理論都只是假設(shè)，有待證實(shí)?！皊pontaneous”自發(fā)的，“hypothetical”假設(shè)的，“intuitive”直覺(jué)的，“empirical”實(shí)證的。13.參考答案：作家運(yùn)用字詞進(jìn)行建造，沒(méi)有哪個(gè)建造者能像作家運(yùn)用文字一樣將原材料運(yùn)用得如此圓滑、撲朔迷離、變幻莫測(cè)。作家的工作需要持續(xù)不斷地努力，以求達(dá)到措辭得當(dāng)，需要反復(fù)推敲以求準(zhǔn)確地傳情達(dá)意，對(duì)讀者或說(shuō)服、或安撫、或使其震驚、或討其歡心。他從未完全成功過(guò)——有時(shí)，他甚至覺(jué)得自己完全談不上成功——但他確實(shí)有過(guò)的成功使得這件事情(寫(xiě)作)值得從事。

有些字詞，我們稱之“出彩”。我們這么說(shuō)，是指這些字詞能夠描繪出某個(gè)畫(huà)面或引發(fā)某種情感。這些字詞十分講究，絕非平淡無(wú)奇；非常具體，而非籠統(tǒng)，它們斷然有力，而非軟弱無(wú)力。然而，我們不能認(rèn)為一味地使用華麗辭藻就是高人一籌。通常，如果情況很一般，人們也會(huì)用“她的心跳動(dòng)著”和“天氣很熱”，而不說(shuō)“她的心劇烈跳動(dòng)”和“天氣酷熱”。時(shí)代不同，人們對(duì)文風(fēng)的喜歡亦不同。19世紀(jì)崇尚豐富朦朧；20世紀(jì)酷愛(ài)簡(jiǎn)潔明快。20世紀(jì)的作家則十分謹(jǐn)慎，唯恐聽(tīng)起來(lái)有狂熱之意。他往往十分低調(diào)，輕描淡寫(xiě)，擲之悄然。他知道，如果他寫(xiě)得過(guò)于生動(dòng)，讀者可能會(huì)忍俊不禁。[解析]原文寫(xiě)作輕松活潑，且使用形容詞較多，翻譯過(guò)程中需要注意盡量保持原文風(fēng)格。

1.elusive：難以捉摸的。treacherous：變化莫測(cè)的。

2.原文第二句較長(zhǎng)，英語(yǔ)與漢語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)不同，此處需要重新整理句子結(jié)構(gòu)。

3.dressy：需著裝考究的，需著禮服的；習(xí)慣穿考究衣服的。

(注：此文選自Colorful，ColoredandColorlessWords，作者PaulRoberts。此文在丁往道主編的《英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作手冊(cè)》(中文版)中可見(jiàn)。)14.參考答案：在這里，街上的行人摩肩接踵，駝隊(duì)由絲綢之路運(yùn)回商品，茶館和旅店亦是紅紅火火、生意興隆。[解析]pedestrian：行人；jostle：推擠，推撞；原句句式比較一致，翻譯的時(shí)候也要注意。15.參考答案：總有那么幾天你會(huì)感覺(jué)糟糕透頂、脾氣暴躁、孤獨(dú)寂寞且疲憊不堪。[解析]lousy：非常痛苦的、不愉快的：grumpy：脾氣暴躁的；16.參考答案：D[解析]句意：對(duì)于那些相信額外的訓(xùn)練會(huì)有所幫助的人，他們可以參加強(qiáng)化班。booster：推動(dòng)、支持、后援、強(qiáng)化。A：可以很滿足學(xué)生需求的課程。B：滿足學(xué)生特殊天分的課程。C：專(zhuān)門(mén)為能力有限的學(xué)生開(kāi)設(shè)的課程。D：專(zhuān)為提高學(xué)生表現(xiàn)設(shè)立的課程，escalate：使逐步上升。17.參考答案：success[解析]句意：如果在更為明細(xì)的民意投票中取得這樣的票數(shù)，布什總統(tǒng)可以成功地扭轉(zhuǎn)國(guó)內(nèi)支持因?qū)σ翍?zhàn)爭(zhēng)而下滑的局面。此處需要一名詞做have的賓語(yǔ)。havesuccessindoingsomething：成功做某事，此系固定表達(dá)。18.參考答案：concern[解析]前一句陳述作者的擔(dān)心之一，后一句的“another”一詞暗示此處作者陳述的是其另一個(gè)擔(dān)心之處。19.參考答案：[Student'sSample]

Thetwofableshavetoldusthesamelesson:Bewhatyouareanddowhatyouaresupposedtodo,oryouwillendindestruction.IntheEnglishfable,thewolfdisguisedhimselfasasheepinordertosparehimselfthetroubleofhunting,butunfortunatelyhewaskilledbythefarmer.Inthesecondfable,thetigerskinthegoatputondidnotkeephimawayfromdeath,butrathermadedeathcometohimsoonerbecauseherelaxedvigilance,whichhewouldotherwisenot.Howimportantitistobetruetoyourself!Itisamatteroflifeordeath!20.參考答案：A[解析]句意：電視觀眾都認(rèn)為自己只是眾多觀眾中默默無(wú)聞、無(wú)關(guān)緊要的一員?！皀othingmorethan”僅僅、只不過(guò)，“everythingexcept”絕非，“anythingbut”決不、根本不，“nolessthan”不少于、多達(dá)。A符合句意。21.參考答案：committed[解析]句意：聽(tīng)起來(lái)是想當(dāng)然的事，但一旦你真的想要實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)時(shí)，放棄甚至連選項(xiàng)都算不上。becommittedto為固定搭配，表示“致力于”。22.參考答案：B[解析]句意：有些人指責(zé)到，一些西方投資者的迅速撤資是1997年席卷東南亞的金融危機(jī)的原因。本題考查的是名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)的含義是“增長(zhǎng)”；B項(xiàng)的含義是“衰退、暴跌”；C“情況”；D“循環(huán)”。結(jié)合題干，B符合題意。23.參考答案：他和一些可疑人物臭味相投，這在報(bào)告里寫(xiě)得清清楚楚。[解析]sharethesamerottentaste可以譯為臭味相投：character此處指……樣的人物。24.參考答案：tougher[解析]句意：現(xiàn)在的全球貿(mào)易環(huán)境對(duì)他們國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)要比四年前亞洲金融危機(jī)時(shí)期惡劣得多了。句中有than，因此需要tough的比較級(jí)。25.參考答案：B[解析]句意：從那年開(kāi)始，各小報(bào)為最先爭(zhēng)取到皇家圣誕卡片展開(kāi)了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。A：mad，especiallyasmanifestedinawildoraggressiveway(尤指失控或有攻擊性)發(fā)瘋的；瘋狂的，憤怒的。B：wildlyexcitedoruncontrolled極度激動(dòng)的；狂亂的；發(fā)狂似的；狂熱的。C：絕望的。D：可怕的。此句是指各小報(bào)之間在速度上的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，因此選B更合適。26.參考答案：C[解析]句意：那年年初，聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織將昆曲列為世界文化遺產(chǎn)。intangible：somethingintangible，especiallyanassetthatcannotbeperceivedbythesenses無(wú)形的，無(wú)形的東西。A：假定的；不確定的。B：有價(jià)值的，寶貴的。C：無(wú)形的。D：不可改變的。27.參考答案：B[解析]句意：如果人工計(jì)算，等到結(jié)果出來(lái)的時(shí)候，這數(shù)百萬(wàn)的計(jì)算步驟也就失去意義了。此處“hadtheybeendonebyhand”相當(dāng)于“Iftheyhadbeendonebyhand”，用的是過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，因此主句須用過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)。28.參考答案：她愁眉苦臉的表情、鬼鬼祟祟的行徑、想討好別人的急切心情，還有她對(duì)那些她認(rèn)為會(huì)冒犯她的人所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的無(wú)意識(shí)的敵意——所有這一切使得那些原本想接近她的人紛紛避之猶恐不及。[解析]woebegone：愁眉苦臉的，不體面的；hangdog：鬼鬼祟祟的，卑躬屈膝的；please此處意為“討好別人”。29.參考答案：gold[解析]tohaveaheartofgold：心地善良。30.參考答案：derived[解析]句意：與此相反，好的想法來(lái)源于理解能力——或推理能力——這大致包括數(shù)學(xué)實(shí)證或者實(shí)證預(yù)測(cè)。31.參考答案：trained[解析]現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，助動(dòng)詞have后需加動(dòng)詞train的過(guò)去分詞形式。32.參考答案：under[解析]understress承受壓力。此處要求填后置定語(yǔ)。33.參考答案：A[解析]句意：他的健康狀況迫使他辭職。A：forceoroblige(someone)todosomething強(qiáng)迫，迫使(某人做某事)。B：珍視，珍愛(ài)。C：移植。D：修飾，

(人)減肥；變苗條。34.參考答案：D[解析]句意：與此相反，靜態(tài)技術(shù)論需要一種不同的人，懶人只會(huì)在告訴他做什么的時(shí)候才會(huì)去做，此類(lèi)人回避新鮮事物，避免面對(duì)或者提出挑戰(zhàn)。動(dòng)詞辨析。compose“作曲”；propose“提出、求婚”；impose“強(qiáng)加”；pose“擺姿勢(shì)、提出”。posechallenges意為“提出挑戰(zhàn)”，D符合題意。35.參考答案：[Student'sSample]

TheBenefitsofOpposition

Whenevertheword'opposition'ismentioned,itoftenconjuresupanegativeimageinourmind.Sowetendtodislikeit.Butisoppositionsohateful?Isitdoingusnogoodatall?Theanswertothismaynotbethatabsolute.Asecondthoughtwilltellusthatoppositioninmanycaseswillprovetobenotharmfulbutratherbeneficial.

Tostartwith,oppositionenablesustothinkfromdifferentperspectives.Nooneintheworlddareclaimthathisideasarefaultless.Inthissense,ouroppositionwillserveasareminderofthefaultinourideas.Hencewecanbetterourideas.Inourdailylife,differentpeoplearelikelytosolveproblemsinquitedifferentways.Thosewhoareopposedtooursolutionwilldefinitelyshedsomenewlightonwhatisthebesttodo.Itisinthissensethatwebelieveoppositionisdoinggoodtous.

Besides,oppositioncanmakeusstrongerandmoreconfident.Storiesaboutgoatsandwolvesareagoodcaseinpoint.Itissaidthatthosegoatsofteninthedangerofbeingkilledbywolvestendtogrowstrongerwhilethosewithnosuchathreatareliabletobeweakandvulnerable.Andsowithushumanbeings.Ourrivalsorenemiesdoconstitutegreatchallengestous,buttheywillatthesametimedriveustolearnmoreandthuswebecomemoreskilledandcompetent.Withouttheiroppositionorchallenge,wewillslack.bitbybitandarefinallyunabletokeeppacewiththetimes.

Lastbutnotleast,eveniftheoppositionfromourrivalsstandsonnoground,itstillcanserveasamirrortousandurgeustobemorecautious.Indeed,nevercanonebecautiousenough.Andthankstotheiropposition,wemayhaveavoidedmanyunnecessarymistakesthatmayhaveotherwisebeenmade.

Inaword,oppositionshouldnotbeviewedasanightmarebutratherablessingindisguise.Oppositionallowsustothinktwiceandhencemorepreparedtoovercomeanydifficultywemayencounterinourlife.So,whatharmtous?36.參考答案：B[解析]句意：澳大利亞土著居民認(rèn)為，和解是很有必要的，但更重要的是，政府應(yīng)當(dāng)為過(guò)去的所作所為道歉。reconciliation：theconditionofbeingreconciled和諧，和解，處于一處或和好的狀況。A：沖突，B：和睦、親善，C：面對(duì)、對(duì)質(zhì)，D：偵察、搜索、勘測(cè)。37.參考答案：[Student'sSample]

GoldenWeekHolidayforMayDayShouldbeKept

ItissaidthatthegoldenweekholidayforMayDaywillbecutout.Thenewscausedheateddiscussionamongthewholecountry.Inmyopinion,thegoldenweekholidayforMayDayshouldbekeptasitis.Herearemyreasons:

Firstly,keepingthegoldenweekholidayforMayDayisbeneficialtothewholecountry.Ifthegoldenweekholidayiscutoutorcutshortforseveralotherone-dayholidays,seemingly,therewillbemorechancesforpeopletoreunitewiththeirfamilymembers.However,consideringmanypeoplewhoworkorstudyfarawayfromtheirhometowns,forexample,theimmigrantworkers,thecollegestudents,one-dayholidaysdonothelpatall.Onthecontrary,itburdensthetransportationsystemintheothertwolongholidays.Therefore,itwillbenefitthewholecountrymoreifthe7-dayholidaywerekeptforMayDaybylighteningtheburdenoftheothertwolongholidays.

Secondly,theGoldenWeekHolidaynotonlyhelpsboostthecountry'sdomesticconsumptionandeconomy,butpromotesawarenessofgoingoutandenjoyinglife.Formostpeople,itisagoodopportunitytoeasethemselvesfromthedailypressure.Theycandosports,visitfriendsandrelatives,goshopping,manythingstorefreshthemselves.Familymembershaveachancetogettogether,friendshaveachancetogoouttogether,lovershaveachancetoenjoythemselves,makinguptherelationshipthatmaybeneglectedinthosebusydays.Sotheholidayisworthmorethangold.Besides,Chinahasavastterritoryandmanybeautifulplaces,travelingisawonderfulchoiceandaweekisjustenoughtohaveatrip,twodaysforpreparationand5daystotravel.Gettingawayfromtheworkplaceandenjoythefreshair,whichisgoodtotheirhealth.Workingpeople