Unit 1 The mass media Reading聽(tīng)寫(xiě) Grammar and usage 課件 -2023-2024學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ)牛津譯林版（2020）選擇性必修第二冊(cè)

Unit1ThemassmediaReadingdictation1.Firefightersquickly

____

____(撲滅)theHendersonTowerfirelastnight.2.Thefire,which____________

（被認(rèn)為）havestartedfromthe8thfloor,spreadquicklythroughthe____

____（大樓）onSundaynight,____peopleontheupperfloors____

____（讓...被困）.3.Fireenginesandambulances,____（呼叫）

at9:30p.m.,____

________（趕到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)）within15minutes.4.Firefighters____thesituation____

____（控制?。゛round11p.m.5.Aterriblefire

____

____（突然發(fā)生）

onSundaynight,leavingtheHendersonTowerseriously____（破壞）

.6.Bythismorning,4people____

________

____

（已經(jīng)確認(rèn)死亡）.7.Thefirehasalsoleft____

____（數(shù)十）

peopleinjured,

____

____

____（其中五人）are____

____

____

____(傷勢(shì)嚴(yán)峻)8.MrPeterson,____

（負(fù)責(zé)人）ofthefireservice,____（證實(shí)，確認(rèn)）thatadropped____（香煙）endona____（地毯）

ofthe8thfloorstartedthefireandthatthe____（自動(dòng)的）firealarmsdidnot____

____（發(fā)出聲音）quicklyenoughtopreventthedisaster.9.Ateamiscurrently

________

(調(diào)查)theaccident____（進(jìn)一步地）.10.Weshouldreadnews____（批判性地）.11.Howdothesedifferences____

____（發(fā)生）?12.____

____

____

____

（明智地做法是）rememberthatjournalistsmayhavedifferent____

（優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)）,whichwouldinfluencehowtheyreportanevent.13.Whenwereadmorethanonereport,wecometounderstandanevent____

____

____

____

____

（更全面地）.14.Evenifnewsreportsarewritten____

____

____

____

____

（從基本相同的角度）,theymaycontradicteachother____

____

____（就...而言，在...方面）factualdetails,aseventsintherealworldareusuallycomplicatedandconstantlychanging.15.Wealsoneedto____

____

____

（批判性的對(duì)待）theinformationwereceiveandremember____（不要）toblindlytrustwhatwehaveread.1.FirefightersquicklyputouttheHendersonTowerfirelastnight.2.Thefire,whichisthoughttohavestartedfromthe8thfloor,spreadquicklythroughthetowerblockonSundaynight,leavingpeopleontheupperfloorstrapped.3.Fireenginesandambulances,calledat9:30p.m.,reachedthescenewithin15minutes.4.Firefightersgotthesituationundercontrolaround11p.m.5.AterriblefirebrokeoutonSundaynight,leavingtheHendersonTowerseriouslydamaged.6.Bythismorning,4peoplehavebeenconfirmeddead.7.Thefirehasalsoleftdozensofpeopleinjured,5ofwhomareinacriticalcondition.8.MrPeterson,headofthefireservice,confirmsthatadroppedcigaretteendonacarpetofthe8thfloorstartedthefireandthattheautomaticfirealarmsdidnotgooffquicklyenoughtopreventthedisaster.Ateamiscurrentlyinvestigatingtheaccidentfurther.9.Ateamiscurrentlyinvestigatingtheaccidentfurther.10.Weshouldreadnewscritically.11.Howdothesedifferencescomeabout?12.Itisadvisabletorememberthatjournalistsmayhavedifferentpriorities,whichwouldinfluencehowtheyreportanevent.13.Whenwereadmorethanonereport,wecometounderstandaneventinamorecomprehensiveway.14.Evenifnewsreportsarewrittenfrombasicallythesameperspective,theymaycontradicteachotherintermsoffactualdetails,aseventsintherealworldareusuallycomplicatedandconstantlychanging.15.Wealsoneedtobecriticalabouttheinformationwereceiveandremembernottoblindlytrustwhatwehaveread.Grammar----過(guò)去完成時(shí)1過(guò)去完成時(shí)用來(lái)描述過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。如：He_____

_____

_____

_____

althoughhefailed.Itsurprisedmethatshe

_____

_____

_____

_____

_____

forayear.Hehadtriedhisbestalthoughhefailed..Itsurprisedmethatshehadbeenoutofworkforayear2過(guò)去完成時(shí)有時(shí)用來(lái)表示沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，主要用于want、hope,intend等詞。如：I____________tohelpyou,butIwastoobusythen.我本來(lái)想幫你的，但我那個(gè)時(shí)候太忙了。3.過(guò)去完成時(shí)可以用于hardly...when..或nosooner…than…等結(jié)構(gòu)，表示"一……就……"。如：

I

hadhardlyenteredtheclassroomwhenthebellrang.--升級(jí)倒裝句

____________________gottothestation_____thebusarrived.他剛到汽車站，公交車就來(lái)了。

No

sooner

had

he

gottothestationthanthebusarrived.HardlyhadIenteredtheclassroomwhenthebellrang.hadwantedGrammar----過(guò)去完成時(shí)4.過(guò)去完成時(shí)常有by、when等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作為標(biāo)志。如：Ihadfinishedreadingthenovel_____theendoflastweek.HehadlearntEnglishfortenyears_____hegraduatedfromhighschool.注意：

固定句型1.Itwas+一段時(shí)間+since（從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)）2.Itwasthefirst/secondtimethat（從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)）...ItwasbywhenExtendedreading聽(tīng)寫(xiě)1.________總之,it________指的是theactivityof____推銷aproductorservice.2.____________換句話說(shuō)，ittriestopersuadepeopletobuyaproductorservices.3.Thehistoryofadvertisinghasalways________________

與...緊密相連

thatofthemassmedia.4.攜手并進(jìn)____________5.Asmedia____渠道havegrowninnumberandtype,________

advertisements.廣告也一樣.6.IfanadvertIsement____________

被投放在...上apopularwebsiteoronTV____________在高峰時(shí)段,________________大量peoplewillknowabouttheproductorservice____(引導(dǎo)詞)itisadvertising.7.____________

除了makingpeople________

意識(shí)到aproductorservice,asuccessfuladvertisementwillalsocreate購(gòu)買(mǎi)的欲望________________,thus____使增長(zhǎng)business.8.________基于thepsychologybehindcreatingadesiretobuy,advertisershavedevelopedwaysof____people________

勸說(shuō)人們購(gòu)買(mǎi)theirproductsor

____服務(wù).9.Someofthese____

廣告語(yǔ)mayalso________

吸引ouremotions.10.Forexample,asloganmay____afinechinateapotitaimstopromote____(把...和...相連)ourprideinhavinggoodtaste.Youwillhearavarietyofslogans________任何時(shí)候youwatchTV.11.ItwasstrangethatIspokeslowlybutmymeaningdidn’t________被傳達(dá)，被...理解tostudents.12.________沉浸在hissmartphone,hedidn’tnoticetheteacherbehindhim.13.Thatiswhywhenacompanywantstopromoteaproductorservice,itoften____發(fā)起

amassmedia________廣告活動(dòng).14.Theseadvertisements____________為...量身定做specificneeds.15.________________

這不僅會(huì)（倒裝）makethemfeelmorevaluedandenablethemtoseewhattheyaremost____

感興趣的in,butitwillalsohelpcompanies____

定位theircustomersmore____

高效地to____________________

對(duì)...有積極的影響sales.短語(yǔ)注意aimtodo:betargetedat:betailoredto:Extendedreading聽(tīng)寫(xiě)1.Inshort總之,itrefersto指的是theactivityofpromoting推銷aproductorservice.2.Inotherwords換句話說(shuō)，ittriestopersuadepeopletobuyaproductorservices.3.Thehistoryofadvertisinghasalwaysbeencloselylinkedwith與...緊密相連

thatofthemassmedia.4.攜手并進(jìn)handinhand5.Asmediachannels渠道havegrowninnumberandtype,sohaveadvertisements.廣告也一樣6.IfanadvertIsementisplacedon

被投放在...上apopularwebsiteoronTVatpeaktimes在高峰時(shí)段,ahugenumberof大量peoplewillknowabouttheproductorservice_____itisadvertising.7.Inadditionto

除了makingpeopleawareof意識(shí)到aproductorservice,asuccessfuladvertisementwillalsocreate購(gòu)買(mǎi)的欲望adesiretobuy,thusboosting使增長(zhǎng)business.8.Basedonthepsychologybehindcreatingadesiretobuy,advertisershavedevelopedwaysofpersuadingpeopleintopurchasing

勸說(shuō)人們購(gòu)買(mǎi)theirproductsorservices服務(wù).9.Someoftheseslogans廣告語(yǔ)mayalsoappealto

吸引ouremotions.10.Forexample,asloganmayconnectafinechinateapotitaimstopromotewith(把...和...相連)ourprideinhavinggoodtaste.Youwillhearavarietyofslogansanytime

任何時(shí)候youwatchTV.11.ItwasstrangethatIspokeslowlybutmymeaningdidn’tgetacross被傳達(dá)，被...理解tostudents.12.Absorbedin沉浸在hissmartphone,hedidn’tnoticetheteacherbehindhim.13.Thatiswhywhenacompanywantstopromoteaproductorservice,itoftenlaunches發(fā)起

amassmediaadvertisingcampaign廣告活動(dòng).14.Theseadvertisementsaretailoredto為...量身定做specificneeds.15.Notonlywillthis

這不僅會(huì)（倒裝）makethemfeelmorevaluedandenablethemtoseewhattheyaremostinterested

感興趣的in,butitwillalsohelpcompaniestarget定位theircustomersmoreefficiently

高效地tohaveapositiveeffecton

對(duì)...有積極的影響sales.短語(yǔ)注意aimtodo:betargetedat:betailoredto:新牛津譯林版高中英語(yǔ)選擇性必修二Unit1Themassmedia

GrammarandUsage一、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的概念與結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn):概念：過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。Workingouttherules例：Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheyarrivedatthehotel.Shehadfinishedwriting

thecompositionby

10:00thismorning.

過(guò)去完成時(shí)肯定句否定句一般疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)句構(gòu)成主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞+…主語(yǔ)＋had/hadn’t＋過(guò)去分詞＋…Had＋主語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去分詞…？Yes,主語(yǔ)＋had.No,主語(yǔ)＋hadn’t.疑問(wèn)詞＋had＋主語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去分詞＋…？例句Tomhadfinishedhishomeworkby8o’clocklastnight.Tomhadn’tfinishedhishomeworkby8o’clocklastnight.HadTomfinishedhishomeworkby8o’clocklastnight?Whohadfinishedhishomeworkby

8o’clocklastnight?二、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的判斷依據(jù):1.由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)判定：與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：(1)by+

過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelby

nineo'clocklastnight.

(2)bytheendof+

過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.(3)before+

過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：Theyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbefore

lastWednesday.2.由“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”來(lái)判定：是指過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，在后的用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在：(1)賓語(yǔ)從句中:在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.

(2)狀語(yǔ)從句中:在時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語(yǔ)從句中，主、從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的，要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，動(dòng)作在后的要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：WhenI

gotto

thestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.注意：before,after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，由于before和after本身已表達(dá)了動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動(dòng)作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：Wheredidyoustudy(hadyoustudied)beforeyoucamehere?Afterheclosedthedoor,helefttheclassroom.

(3)表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示"原本…，未能…"我們?cè)鞠Ｍ銜?huì)來(lái)，但你沒(méi)來(lái)。Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyou

didn't.3.根據(jù)上、下文來(lái)判定。昨天我在街上見(jiàn)到了王濤，自從他來(lái)到北京后我們還沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)面。ImetWangTaointhestreetyesterday.Wehadn'tseeneachothersincehecametoBeijing.三、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的主要用法1.過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束，即發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。如：我醒來(lái)時(shí)，雨已經(jīng)停了。WhenIwokeup,ithadstoppedraining.

2.過(guò)去完成時(shí)是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，表示的是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，只有和過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才使用它。如：他告訴我他寫(xiě)了一本新書(shū)。Hetoldmethathehadwrittenanewbook.

(hadwritten

發(fā)生在told

之前)

3.過(guò)去完成時(shí)需要與一個(gè)表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，它不能離開(kāi)過(guò)去時(shí)間而獨(dú)立存在。此時(shí)多與already,yet,still,just,before,never等時(shí)間副詞及by,before,until等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或從句連用。如：BeforeshecametoChina,GracehadtaughtEnglishinaschoolforaboutfiveyears.Pearlhadcollectedmorethan300Chinesestampsbythetimehewasten.

4.過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到這一過(guò)去時(shí)間，且動(dòng)作尚未結(jié)束，仍有繼續(xù)的可能。如：Bytheendof

lastyear,hehadworkedinthefactoryfortwentyyears.(hadworked已有了20年，還有繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的可能)四、過(guò)去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但側(cè)重對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為”have(has)+過(guò)去分詞”；過(guò)去完成時(shí)則是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，它所表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過(guò)去，更強(qiáng)調(diào)“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，只有和過(guò)去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)，才用到它。試比較：到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了1000個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。Ihavelearned1000Englishwordssofar.

到那時(shí)為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了1000個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。Ihadlearned1000Englishwordstillthen.—I'msorrytokeepyouwaiting.—Oh,notatall.Ihavebeenhereonlyafewminutes.沒(méi)什么，我只等了幾分鐘。（“等”的動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在）—Johnreturnedhomeyesterday.約翰昨天回到家的?！猈herehadhebeen?他去哪兒了？（使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)是指約翰在returnedhome之前去了哪些地方，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”）五、過(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別雖然這兩種時(shí)態(tài)都表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，但在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同：過(guò)去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某一特定的時(shí)間。試比較：他們昨天十點(diǎn)前就到車站了。 Theyhadarrivedatthestationbyten

yesterday.他們昨天十點(diǎn)到了車站。 Theyarrivedatthestationattenyesterday.

2.在沒(méi)有明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作標(biāo)志時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生