2018年高考英語江蘇專用考前三個(gè)月文檔專題二完形填空第三步體裁突破五議論文版含答案

體裁突破（五）議論文A（2017前黃高級(jí)中學(xué)一模）Researchconfirmsthatperformingactsofkindnessandsharingthankfulthoughtshavemanypositiveeffectsonmoodandhealth.Theyareamongthetopfivepredictorsofhappiness.Whenyoufeelthankfulforsomething,that'sgratitude.Younevergetitoutof 1 ;youareclearwhoorwhatisresponsible,whetherthat'salovedone,astranger,orahigherpower.Gratitudeishowyou2tootherswhenyouseeyourselfinconnectionwiththingslargerthanyourself.3 ,thisunderstandingofourrelianeeonothersisbecomingmore_4today.Withcommercialandsocialmedia,everythingmakestheyoungergenerationfeelthattheyarethe5oftheuniverse.Ifit'sallaboutthem,whythankothers?Iftrue,therewouldbeadisturbing6trend.Canadianresearchersfoundthatpeoplewhowrotethank-youlettersorperformedgooddeedsforasix-weekperioddecreasedtheirpain,uppedtheirenergy,andimprovedtheirmentalhealth.Andyoucan7thesebenefitsatanyage.Oldpeoplewhochoosetobethankfularelesslikelytoworryabouttheir8health.Gratitudetendstobeeasilyspread,aswell.Thosewhoarehelpedaremorelikelytopaykindness9.Onestudyfoundthatwhensomeoneisthanked,itmorethandoubleshisorherchancesofbeing10again,likelybecauseheorsheenjoysfeelingsocially11 .Ifyouaren'tparticularlygratefulnow,youcanlearntobe.Peoplewhokeepajournalofthreepositivethingsthathappentothemeachday12 health-inducingthankfulness.Atfirst,itmaybedifficultto13thegoodthingsthatoccur.But14 ,yourbraingetstrainedintoamoreappreciativemode.Andintheend,thejournalbecomesabookofjoyful 15.Gratitudetrainingcertainlycomestoyouraidduringthe16timesbecauseagreater 17 forlifeisthepartyoufocuson.yourgratefuInessdirectlywiththepersonyoufeelgratefulto,thebenefitsofhappiness 19.Youdon'tneedascientificstudytoknowthatshowingandacceptinggratitudecanensureyouan20life,amuchbetterlifethanyouthought.語篇解讀 研究表明，善意的行為和分享感恩的想法對(duì)情緒和健康有許多積極的影響。它們排在預(yù)示幸福的前五名中。B.anythingDB.anythingD.nothingC.everything答案D

解析something某事；anything任何事情；everything一切事情；nothing什么也沒有。句意為：當(dāng)你心存感謝時(shí)，那就是感激。你從來不會(huì)平白無故地表達(dá)它。故選D。2．A.refer B．submitC．subscribe D．relate答案D解析refer涉及，參考；submit主張，服從；subscribe捐助，訂閱；relate敘述，使有聯(lián)系。句意為：感激就是當(dāng)你看到自己與比自己偉大的事情相聯(lián)系時(shí)與別人交流的方式。故選 D。3．A.Therefore B．MeanwhileC．However D．Besides答案C解析therefore因此；meanwhile與此同時(shí)；however然而；besides另外。句意為：然而，我們對(duì)依賴別人的這種理解在今天變得更加困難了。故選 C。4．A.strange B．difficultC．stubborn D．ridiculous答案B解析strange奇怪的；difficult困難的；stubborn頑固的；ridiculous荒謬的。句意見上題解析。故選B。5．A.master B．centerC．survivor D．creator答案B解析master主人；center中心；survivor幸存者；creator創(chuàng)造者。句意為：所有的一切都讓年輕一代覺得自己就是宇宙的中心。根據(jù)句意可知選 B。6．A.health B．mentalC．cultural D．industrial答案A解析health健康；mental精神上的；cultural文化的；industrial工業(yè)的。句意為：如果是真的，就會(huì)有一個(gè)令人不安的健康趨勢(shì)。故選 A。7．A.continue B．a(chǎn)pproachC．sustain D．reap答案D解析continue繼續(xù)；approach靠近；sustain維持；reap收獲。句意為：在任何年齡你都能收獲這些好處。故選D。8．A.originalC8．A.originalC．failingD．falling

答案C解析original最初的；improving有啟發(fā)的；failing失敗的；falling下降的。句意為：選擇感恩的老人擔(dān)心自己不健康的可能性就低。故選 C。9．A.forwardB．downwardC．backward答案AD．upward解析forward向前地，向?qū)?，往后；downward向下；backward向后地；upward向上。句意為：那些得到幫助的人往后更有可能會(huì)付出善意。故選 A。10．A.thankfulB．respectfulC．helpful答案CD．careful解析thankful感謝的；respectful恭敬的；helpful有幫助的；careful仔細(xì)的。句意為：一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)人受到感謝的時(shí)候，這將會(huì)使他 /她再次樂于助人的機(jī)會(huì)增加一倍以上。故選 C。11．A.valuedB．influencedC．a(chǎn)ttracted答案AD．noticed解析value估價(jià)，重視；influence影響；attract吸引；notice注意。句意為：很可能是因?yàn)樗?她享受自己的社會(huì)價(jià)值感。故選 A。12．A.cultivateB．emphasizeC．benefit答案AD．transmit解析cultivate逐漸形成；emphasize強(qiáng)調(diào)；benefit受益；transmit傳輸。句意為：人們每天寫一篇關(guān)于三件積極的事情的日志，逐漸形成有利于健康的感恩。故選A。13．A.analyzeB．recognizeC．summarize答案BD．organize解析analyze分析；recognize認(rèn)出，識(shí)別；summarize總結(jié)；organize組織。句意為：起初，識(shí)別發(fā)生的美好的事情是很難的。故選 B。14．A.roughlyB．decidedlyC．gradually答案CD．a(chǎn)ccidentally解析roughly粗糙地；decidedly果斷地；gradually逐漸地；accidentally意外地。句意為：但是，漸漸地，你的大腦被訓(xùn)練成更具欣賞力的模式。故選 C。15．A.essaysB．thoughts答案D解析essay隨筆，散文；thought思想，想法；file文件；memory記憶。句意為：最后，日志變成了一本有快樂回憶的書。故選 D。A.dark B.goldenC.special D.urgent答案A解析dark黑暗的；golden金色的；special特殊的；urgent緊急的。句意為：在黑暗時(shí)期，感恩的培訓(xùn)肯定會(huì)對(duì)你有所幫助。故選 A。A.admiration B.allocationC.appreciation D.affection答案C解析 admiration欽佩；allocation分配；appreciation欣賞，感激；affection影響，喜愛。句意為：因?yàn)楦眯蕾p生活就是你所關(guān)注的那部分。故選 C。.A.Supplying B.ExperiencingC.Sharing D.Recalling答案C解析supply供應(yīng)；experienee體驗(yàn)；share分享；recall回想起。句意為：直接與你感激的人分享你的感激之情，幸福的好處就會(huì)累積。故選 Co.A.disappear B.accumulateC.emerge D.weaken答案B解析disappear消失；accumulate積累；emerge浮現(xiàn)，顯現(xiàn)； weaken變?nèi)?。參考上題解析。故選B。.A.enriched B.engagedC.enlarged D.enabled答案A解析 enriched豐富的；engaged忙碌的；enlarged擴(kuò)大的；enabled已啟用的。句意為：表示并接受感激能使你擁有一個(gè)豐富的人生。故選 A。B（2017南京三模）Researchshowsthatwhenweareabsorbedinanactivity,evenminordistractions（分心、）canhaveahugeeffect.Accordingtoastudy,regainingour21drivefollowinganinterruptioncantakeabout20minutes.Multitasking（多重任務(wù)）,asmanystudieshaveshown,isamyth（謬論）.Amoreaccurate22_ofwhathappenswhenwetellourselveswearemultitaskingisthatwe'rerapidly_23betweenactivities,suckingourmentalenergy.Andthe24canbesurprisinglyserious.Anexperimentfoundthatweloseasmanyas10IQpointswhenweallowourworktobe25bydistractionslikeemailsandtextmessages.The26isthatmultitaskingisenjoyable.It'sfuntosatisfyyourcuriosity.Whoknowswhatthatnextemailortextmessageholds27 ?Findingoutprovidesimmediatesatisfaction.28,resistingdistractionsandstayingontaskrequires29andmentaleffort.So,whatarewetodo?Ourstrategyistochangethe30tomovetemptationfurtheraway:shutdownyouremailprogramor31yourphone.lt'saloteasiertostayontaskwhenyou'renot 32fightingoffmentaldesires.Thealternative,whichmostofusconsidercommon,is33todietinginabakery.Weallneedthewillpowertoresistthetemptations,butdoingsocomeswith34coststoourlimitedsupplyofwillpower.Anotherworthwhile 35istocollectsimilaractivitiestogether,keepingtransition（轉(zhuǎn)換）timetoa36point.Insteadofspreadingphonecalls,meetingsandemailsthroughoutyourday,try37relatedtaskssothattherearefewertransitions.Insomejobs,multitaskingis 38.Someofustrulydoneedtostay39toourclients,colleaguesandmanagers.Soit'sworthnotingthatlimitingdisruptionsistheonlysolution.Remember,themoreyoudotominimizetask-switchingoverthecourseoftheday,themoreabilityyou'llhaveforactivitiesthatactually40.Evensmallchangescanmakeabigdifferenee.語篇解讀~~研究顯示，當(dāng)我們?nèi)褙炞⒂谀骋换顒?dòng)時(shí)，即便是小小的分心都會(huì)對(duì)活動(dòng)的效果產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。A.initial B.personalC.inner D.ambitious答案A解析 句意為：研究表明，在一次分心之后，我們想要再次獲得干勁 （專注于某一活動(dòng)），大約需要20分鐘。根據(jù)句意可知，initial最初的，符合語境，即獲得原來的干勁。A.plan B.accountC.prediction D.insight答案B解析句意為：當(dāng)我們告訴自己正處于多重任務(wù)時(shí)，對(duì)于此時(shí)所發(fā)生的事情的一個(gè)更加確切23．A.switching B．swingingC．swapping D．shuttling答案A解析參考上題解析。switch轉(zhuǎn)換。24．A.benefits B．reasonsC．consequences D．challenges答案C解析根據(jù)本句中的“surprisinglyserious”以及后一句中的“l(fā)oseasmanyas10IQpoints”可知，consequence結(jié)果，后果，符合語境，即這樣做的后果有多么嚴(yán)重。25．A.guided B．changedC．a(chǎn)dapted D．interrupted答案D解析句意為：研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)我們的工作被分心打擾(中斷)時(shí)，我們將損失多達(dá)10個(gè)點(diǎn)的IQ。interrupt打擾，打斷，符合語境。26．A.advantage B．emphasisC．trouble D．practice答案C解析文章上一段講到負(fù)面的影響，本段則介紹的是產(chǎn)生的原因，也就是具體的問題所在——為什么雖然有負(fù)面影響，人們還是樂此不疲？trouble問題，麻煩，符合語境。27．A.instock B．instoreC．incheck D．inpossession答案B解析句意為：誰知道下一封郵件或短信中會(huì)有什么內(nèi)容呢？holdinstore蘊(yùn)藏，符合語境。28．A.Asarule B．AsaresultC．Inshort D．Incontrast答案D解析根據(jù)上下文語境可知，前后句意相反，上一句說的是分心的情況，后一句則講的是如何抵制分心。incontrast與此相反，相比之下。故選D。29．A.patience B．disciplineC．courage D．a(chǎn)ttention答案B解析句意為：要抵制分心的誘惑，并專注于我們的工作，需要自律(discipline)和內(nèi)心的努力。故選B。B．task30B．taskC．environment D．vision答案C解析根據(jù)冒號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容可知，C項(xiàng)符合語境，即改變工作或?qū)W習(xí)環(huán)境。31．A.replace B．silenceC．a(chǎn)nswer D．pick答案B解析silence意為“使沉默，使靜音”，符合語境，即將電話調(diào)成靜音狀態(tài)。32．A.continuously B．finallyC．passionately D．directly答案A解析句意為：當(dāng)你不再需要持續(xù)擊退內(nèi)心的欲望時(shí)，專心于工作便會(huì)變得更加容易。continuously連續(xù)不斷地，符合語境。33．A.similar B．relevantC．superior D．opposite答案A解析句意為：還有一個(gè)大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為普通的選擇，它和在面包店里節(jié)食相似。similar相似的，符合語境。34．A.affordable B．basicC．considerable D．modest答案C解析句意為：（盡管）我們需要抵制誘惑的意志力，但是這種做法（在面包店節(jié)食）會(huì)極大地消耗我們有限的意志力。considerable相當(dāng)大的，符合語境。35．A.research B．a(chǎn)spectC．reaction D．a(chǎn)pproach答案D解析 根據(jù)上下文可知，這里是在教我們集中注意力的方法 （approach）,所以選D。上文的strategy亦是暗示。36．A.minimum B．maximumC．turning D．fixed答案A解析句意為：另一種方法是將相似的活動(dòng)歸類在一起完成,這樣可以將不同活動(dòng)之間切換的時(shí)間縮短到最小。minimum最小的,符合語境。C.assigningD.undertaking答案B解析參考上題解析。group指“分類,歸類”，符合語境，即將相關(guān)的工作分組歸類。38.A.disturbingB.annoyingC.unavoidableD.unnecessary答案C解析根據(jù)下句可知，在有些工作中，多重任務(wù)是無法避免的。 unavoidable不可避免的，符合語境。A.sympathetic B.loyalC.accustomed D.connected答案D解析句意為：我們中的一些人確實(shí)需要和我們的客戶、同事和經(jīng)理保持聯(lián)系。 connected有聯(lián)系的，符合語境。A.matter B.functionC.work D.interfere答案A解析matter在這里是不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“重要，要緊”，符合語境，即你將有更多的能力去處理那些真正重要的事情。C（2017鹽城中學(xué)期中）Doyouknowhowdisciplinecanhelpyouachieveyourgoals?Doyouknowthatdisciplineisimportantto41 ?Whatisthepowerofdiscipline?Howtobecomedisciplined?Youmightthinkthatmanypeoplearenotselfdisciplined, 42I'mgoingtoprovetoyouthatpeopleingeneralaredisciplined,but43 ,innon-beneficialways.Therearemanypeoplewhosmokedaily44 thefactthatitisharmfuland45anditcouldkillthem.Suchpeoplearedisciplinedat 46cigarettesandsmoking.Therearepeoplewhoaredisciplinedatdrinkinglotsofalcoholdaily.Suchpeoplearedisciplinedatconsumingalcohol.Doyou_47whereIamgoingwiththis?Oneofmyfriendswhohasa48forrunningspendshalfanhoureverysinglemorningrunning.Whetheritissnowingorraining,shehastorun.Thisisthekindof49disciplinethatyouaresupposedto50andcreateinyourlife.Doyouknowsomeonewhoboughtabook,butdidn'tfinish51itforsomereason?Doyouknowsomeonewhodecidedtoimprovehis52andstarteatingmorevegetablesandfruit,butaftertwoweeks,he53 ?Theseareallexamplesof54ofdiscipline.lfyouarenotdisciplined,thenyouwillhave

ahardtimetogetyour55.AsImentionedinmybookTheUltimateGuidetoAchievingYourGoalsthatyoucouldknowwhatyouwant, 56andtakeaction,butifyouarenotself-disciplined,youwill57giveup.Withdiscipline,youcanstartgettingupearlyinthemorning,exercise,and58yourselfofthenon-beneficialhabitssuchassmokingandeatingnon-healthyfood.Withdiscipline ,youcanchangenegativehabitstopositivehabits.Withdiscipline,youcanjointhegymandstartworkingonhavinga59body.Doyouseewhatthe60 ofdisciplinecando?AlwaysrememberwhatJimRohnsaid,“Onedisciplinealwaysleadstoanotherdiscipline.”語篇解讀本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了自律的力量及對(duì)人們的影響，呼吁人們要增強(qiáng)自律意識(shí)，改掉惡習(xí)，培養(yǎng)健康向上的生活習(xí)慣。A.wealth B.successC.fortune D.health答案B解析wealth財(cái)富；success成功；fortune命運(yùn)；health健康。根據(jù)前一句 "你知道自律如何幫助你實(shí)現(xiàn)你的目標(biāo)嗎？ ”可知，此處指自律對(duì)成功也是很重要的。故選 B。A.for B.andC.or D.but答案D解析根據(jù)空前句意“你也許認(rèn)為很多人不自律”和空后句意“我要證明給你看的是人們一般是有自律性的”可知，前后存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選D。A.unfortunately B.unwillinglyC.unnecessarily D.unexpectedly答案A解析unfortunately不幸地；unwillingly不情愿地；unnecessarily沒必要地；unexpectedly意外地。根據(jù)下文列舉的吸煙、喝酒的例子可推知，此處指“不幸的是，這些都是不好的例子”。故選A。.A.besides B.despiteC.except D.without答案B解析besides除此之外（還有）；despite盡管；except除”之外；without沒有。句意為：盡管吸煙有害健康是個(gè)事實(shí)，但是有很多人每天都吸煙。故選 B。D.forbidden.A.courageous BD.forbiddenC.dangerous

答案C解析courageous勇敢的；disgusting令人厭惡的；dangerous危險(xiǎn)的；forbidden被禁止的。此處順承前文，與harmful對(duì)應(yīng)，表示“吸煙是有害和危險(xiǎn)的”。故選C。46．A.sellingB．buyingC．getting答案DD．consuming解析sell賣；buy買；get得到；consume消耗。句意為：這種人在消耗香煙和吸煙方面是自律的。另外根據(jù)后文的“用consume。故選D。Suchpeoplearedisciplinedatconsumingalcohol.”可知，此處應(yīng)使47．A.careB．seeC．feel答案BD．mind解析care關(guān)心；see看到，明白；feel感覺；mind介意。句意為：你明白我說這些要表達(dá)什么意思嗎？故選B。48．A.passionB．giftC．respect答案AD．reason解析passion酷愛，激情；gift天賦；respect尊重；reason原因。根據(jù)下文的“Whetheritissnowingorraining，shehastorun.”可知，作者的一個(gè)朋友愛好每天早晨進(jìn)行半個(gè)小時(shí)的晨跑。故選A。49．A.formalB．positiveC．negative答案BD．religious解析formal正式的；positive積極的；negative消極的；religious宗教的。此處與前文吸煙、喝酒的不良習(xí)慣形成對(duì)比，指的是一種積極的自律性。故選B。50．A.formB．learnC．follow答案CD．bel