雅思小作文圖表寫作技巧省名師優(yōu)質(zhì)課獲獎課件市賽課一等獎課件

小作文各圖寫作技巧第1頁派圖介紹單派雙派多派第2頁2派圖寫作技巧圖中找類別按類分段第3頁3派圖重難點◎怎樣準確把握圖中信息◎怎樣正確轉述圖中信息◎怎樣靈活利用詞匯、短語、句型，防止用詞單一、句式表示雷同◎怎樣精煉語言，防止贅述、煩瑣，防止給評卷人套模板印象第4頁42.13派圖詞匯基礎之占據(jù)RepresentOccupyStandforAccountfor

第5頁52.16派圖慣用句型◎“占”：accountfor,hold,makeup,takeup,constitute,comprise,represent...◎百分比：percentage，proportion,share...◎“約”：themajorityof,mostof,aconsiderablenumberof,aminorityof,justover…,slightlymorethan…/lessthan…,nearlyhalf…◎確切數(shù)字(1)分數(shù)與百分比轉化：onethird,twofifths(2)常見表示：aquarter,ahalf...第6頁6Eg1:整體+局部ThefollowingtwopiechartsillustratetheenergyuseintheU.S.A.Writeareportforauniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationgiveninthepiechartsbelow.第7頁7第8頁8P1ThefollowingtwopiechartsillustratetheenergyuseintheU.S.A.ThetwographsdescribethedataoftheenergyuseandtheresidentialenergyuseindetailintheUnitedStates.第9頁9P2Itcanbeseenfromthefirstpiechartthattheenergyisusedforfourpurposes.Specifically,industryaccountsforthelargestproportion(41%)oftheusedenergywhiledemandoftransportationmakesup26%ofthetotalneedofenergy.Residentialandcommercialrepresent19%and14%respectively.第10頁10P3Accordingtothesecondpiechart,itclearlyshowsthatheatingandairconditioningaccountforthelargestproportion(62%)intheresidentialenergyusewhilethesmallappliancesmakesuptheleastproportion(10%).Theheatingwaterandmiscellaneous(includingcooking)constitutes15%and13%respectively.第11頁11P4Fromthechart,wemayhaveabasicunderstandingofthesituationofenergyuseintheUnitedStates.第12頁12線圖審圖技巧趨勢描述速度描述極點交點起點重點描述線圖寫作技巧趨勢描述多樣化線圖解析第13頁13線圖重難點交點難掌控圖內(nèi)對比看不出第14頁14線圖慣用句型先(上升/下降)后(下降/上升)，之后便平穩(wěn)對峰值和低谷描述趨勢相同描述對未來表述對波動描述

第15頁15先(上升/下降)后(下降/上升)，之后便平穩(wěn)1.Accordingtothedata,theyearsfrom…to…saw/witnessarise/climb/dropinthenumber/rate/percentage/proportionof對象from數(shù)據(jù)to數(shù)據(jù)，whichwasfollowedbyarapiddecrease/reduce/increaseoverthe...years第16頁162.Thenumber/rate…dropped/wentupagain

from…inXXXyearto…inXXXyearandthenwentup/climbedgraduallyuntilXXXyear,whentherewasalevelingoff/levelingoutat數(shù)據(jù)for一段時間第17頁171.AlsoitcanbenoticedthatinXXXyear,thenumber/percentage…reachedthebottom.However/onthecontrary,XXXyear

sawthepeakduringthisperiod.2.……時間點，whenthenumber/percentage

reached(amountedto)toapeakof…/ahighpointat…3.……時間點,whenthenumber/percentage

bottomedout(at…)對峰值和低谷描述

第18頁18Theproportion/numberof對象inthexxandxxaresimilarandfollowthesametrend.InXXthefigureswerexx%andxx%respectively,risingtoxx%andxx%respectivelyinXXX,afterdippingtoxx%andxx%respectivelyinXXX.Thereafter...趨勢相同描述第19頁19對未來表述…isprojectedto……asto…isexpectedto……asfor…isforecastedto………isestimatedto…第20頁20對波動描述ascanbeseenfromthegraph,thetwocurvesshowthefluctuationof………fluctuateddramaticallybetweenxx%andxx%during…period.第21頁21柱圖審圖技巧◎關鍵是“比較”&“對比”——找出similarity&difference既要橫向總結全部柱狀圖共性特征，又要分別描寫各個柱形個性特征第22頁22柱圖寫作技巧◎單柱假如是以時間為橫軸話，就寫一下趨勢假如是以組為橫軸，則直接寫。

◎多柱假如數(shù)據(jù)比較多，就取幾個最大或者最小就行，也就是說在比較過程中想要拿到想要結果就要找對比鮮明那一對。把對比最鮮明幾個柱子描述清楚，其它能夠一帶而過。第23頁23柱形圖慣用句型Thebarchartillustratesthat...Accordingtothebarchart,...Fromthebarchart,wecanseeclearlythat...Itisclear/apparentfromthechartthat...Thebarchartdepicts描述(that)....thebarchartleadsustotheconclusion結論that...第24頁24ThegraphbelowshowsthedifferentmodesoftransportusedtotraveltoandfromworkinoneEuropeancityin1960,1980and.第25頁25P1ThegraphbelowshowsthedifferentmodesoftransportusedtotraveltoandfromworkinoneEuropeancityin1960,1980and.題目Thebargraphshowsthechangingpatterns

incommutingbytrain,car,tubeorbusforcommutersinoneEuropeancityintheyears1960,1980and.第26頁26P2Thenumberofpeopleusingtrainsatfirstrose

fromjustunder20%in1960

toabout26%in1980,butthenfellbacktoabout23%in

.第27頁27P3Useofthetubewasrelativelystable,

falling

fromaround27%ofcommutersin1960

to22%in1980,butclimbingbackto

reach25%by.第28頁28P4Ontheotherhand,theuseofcarsincreasedsteadily

fromjustover5%in1960to23%in1980,reachingalmost40%by,whereasthepopularityofbuseshasdeclinedsince1960,fallingfromjustunder35%in1960

to27%

in1980andonly15%in.第29頁29P5Thegraphindicatesthegrowinguseofcarsforcommutingtoworkbetween1960-,andthecontinueddeclineinthepopularityofbusesfrombeingthemostpopularmodeoftransportin1960totheleastpopularin.第30頁30表格圖審圖技巧1.有時間原因表格：按照時間次序，轉化為更為明了線圖2.有地域原因表格：注意橫向比較，并依據(jù)數(shù)值大小對數(shù)據(jù)進行分類，再抽取較大或較小經(jīng)典值進行說明3.包含其它原因表格：分別觀察各標準在圖表中展現(xiàn)特征，然后分別說明第31頁31表格圖寫作技巧1.快速瀏覽題目中文字信息，重點關注研究對象、數(shù)據(jù)類型和時間，明確在主體段寫作中要注意數(shù)據(jù)類型改變和時態(tài)一致問題2.看題目中表格圖形，看圖形時也要先看文字說明，包含標題、標注和單位，弄懂數(shù)據(jù)所代表信息，而非數(shù)據(jù)本身篩選信息，圈定關鍵數(shù)據(jù)整理寫作次序第32頁32表格圖重難點1.數(shù)據(jù)繁多而且凌亂，找不出很顯著特征2.怎樣用適當次序、結構和銜接方式把表格中表達特征條理清楚地傳達出來3.寫時候怎樣不遺漏信息第33頁33第34頁34P1Thetabledemonstratesthedataregardingthesubwaysysteminsixcities,includingdateopened,kilometersofrouteandpassengersperyear(inmillions)第35頁35P2Intermsofdateopened,Londonhasthemosttime-honored(1863)subwaysystemamongthesixcitieswhilesubwaysysteminLosAngelesisthenewestoneopenedin.（最老，最新）SystemsinParisandTokyoareopenedin1900and1927,respectively.時間次序Afterthat,systemsinWashingtonDCandKyotoareopenedin1976and1981differently.第36頁36Asforthesizeoftherailwaysystem,Londonstillranksthefirst,meaningithasthelongestsubwaysystem(384kilometers)amongthesixcities,whichisroughlytwiceaslargeasthesysteminParis.（最長）Bycontrast,subwaysysteminKyotoisshorter(11kilometers)thantheotherseventhoughitopenedinrelativelyrecentyear.（最短）ThekilometersofrouteinTokyo,WashingtonDCandLosAngelesare155,126and28differently.第37頁37Thethirdpartispassengersperyearinmillions.Moreexactly,thetopthreeareTokyo(1927),Paris(1191)andLondon(775).UndergroundrailwaysysteminWashingtonDC’shas144millionspassengersperyear.SystemsinLosAngeles’sandKyoto’scarryfewerpassengersperyear(50and45,respectively).第38頁38Thus,itcanbeclearlyseenfromthetablethatthesubwaysystemsinTokyoandParisservesformorepassengers

whereasthesystemsinLosAngelesandKyotocarryfewerpassengersmainlybecauseoftheshortroute.第39頁39對于不一樣時間同一事物比較先相減/相加，后分組哪些是增加，哪些是降低幅度大與幅度小分組第40頁40ThetablebelowgivesinformationaboutchangesinmodesoftravelinEnglandbetween1985and.劍6P52第41頁41增加Car,Longdistancebus,Train,Taxi幅度大Car+1607降低Walking,Bicycle,Localbus幅度大Localbus-155第42頁42P1ThetabledemonstrateshowdifferentmodesoftravelchangedinEnglandin15yearsspanningfrom1985to.Ingeneral,themodesareclassifiedintotwokinds

intermsofaveragemilestravelledperpersonperyear:oneenjoyedrisingpopularitywhiletheotherdecreasing.第43頁43P2Thetravelmodeswhichgainedpopularityintheperiodincludedcars,longdistancebuses,trains,taxisandothers.Carsremainedtopamongthemodesinthe15years,withitsaveragemilesincreasingconsiderably

from3,199in1985

to4,806in.Longdistancebusesandtaxisseemedtobewarmlywelcomedbytravelers,soaveragemilestravelledinthetwomodesalmosttripled第44頁44P3Travelsbywalking,bicyclesandlocalbuseslosttravelers’favorintheoneandahalfdecade.Averagetravellingdistancebylocalbusessufferedthebiggestdecrease,dropping

from429to274,whilethenumberofmilesbywalkingandbikesfellmildly

from255to237

andfrom51to41

respectively.第45頁45P4Overall,thenumberofmilestravelledbytheaverageperpersonrose

from4,740milesin1985to6,475milesin,withtheincreaseofcarsaccountingforalmostallofthatincrease.第46頁46流程圖審圖技巧流程圖本質(zhì)其實就是要求考生將圖中出現(xiàn)文字信息用連貫語言串起來，不需要過多地發(fā)揮。

第47頁47流程圖寫作技巧1.時態(tài)相對單一，主要用普通現(xiàn)在時2.經(jīng)常使用被動語態(tài)，顯得比較客觀和正式3.找出流程圖始末點，并劃分中間步驟或階段4.掌握表示“次序”連接詞(SequencingWords)，用來說明過程各個步驟和先后次序5.對于題目里出現(xiàn)專業(yè)詞匯或生詞，不認識也沒關系，只需照抄即可第48頁48流程圖重難點1.語言組織2.邏輯次序3.是否如實反應圖中信息第49頁49流程圖慣用單詞過程：process、procedure階段/步驟：stage、step連接詞：1.第一步：atfirst、tobeginwith、inthefirststage2.下一步：then、next、thesecondstage3.最終：finally、lastly、thefinalstage4.平行步驟：meanwhile、atthesametime第50頁50流程圖慣用句型◎Thefollowingdiagraphshowsthestructureof……◎Thepictureillustrates……◎Itmainlyconsistsof……

◎Itworksasfollows:◎Itusuallyinvolvesfollowingsteps:◎Thewholeprocedurecanbedividedinto…stages.第51頁51FirstStagesTheprocessstartsfrom…Theprocessbeginswith….Intermsof….,thefirststageisthat….Atthebeginningofthecycle,

Thebeginningofthewholecycleismarkedby第52頁52StagesAtthispoint;then;inthenextstep;afterthat;afterwardsThesecondstageis……Thenextstepintheprocessis……第53頁53EndStagesInthefinalstageThefinalprocedure/stepofthisprocessis…Thismarkstheendoftheprocessandthebeginningofanewone…isthelaststepintheprocedure.第54頁54LastingtimeThestagelastsfor30minutesuntil…Afteraperiodof30minutes,…Ittakes10daysforXto…AfteraperiodofBefore…,ittakes30minutesto…30minuteshavetobespentonthisprocessbefore…第55頁55劍6P75第56頁56第57頁57P1Thefirstdiagramshowsthattherearefourmainstagesinthelifeofthesilkworm.Firstofall,eggsareproducedbythemothandittakestendaysforeacheggtobecomeasilkwormlarvathatfeedsonmulberryleaves.Thisstagelastsforuptosixweeksuntilthelarvaproducesacocoonofsilkthreadarounditself.Afteraperiodofaboutthreeweeks,theadultmothseventuallyemergefromthesecocoonsandthelifecyclebeginsagain.第58頁58P2Thecocoonsaretherawmaterialusedfortheproductionofsilkcloth.Onceselected,theyareboiledinwaterandthethreadscanbeseparatedintheunwindingstage.Eachthreadisbetween300and900metreslong,whichmeanstheycanbetwistedtogether,dyedandthenusedtoproduceclothintheweavingstage第59頁59P3Overall,thediagramsshowthatthecocoonstageofthesilkwormcanbeusedtoproducesilkcloththroughaverysimpleprocess.第60頁60Themapindicatetherecyclingprocessofglassbottles第61頁61P1Thisdiagramillustratestherecyclingprocessofglassbottles.Thewholeprocessisacyclewhichcanbedividedintothreemainstages.第62頁62P2Inthefirststage,usedbottlesarecollectedatarecyclingpointandtransportedbyatruck.Thesecondstagestartsinacleaningplant,wheretheserecycledbottlesaresortedbycolorintogreen,brownandclearonesandwashedbyhigh-pressurisedwater.Whenthecleaningisdone,thebottlesareconveyedtoaglassfactorywheretheyarecutintoglasspieceswhicharethenpouredintoafurnace.30第63頁63P3Afterbeingheatedinthefurnace,thebrokenglassesaremeltedintoliquid,whichflowsintoaglassmold.Inthefinalstage,new,emptybottlesarefilledwithliquid,thenpackedanddespatchedtothesupermarketandpickedbyconsumers.Atthispoint,acyclehasbeencompletedandanewcyclewillbegin.第64頁64地圖審圖技巧注意結合地圖中表達細節(jié)信息，進行相互比較與對比，并表達對比結果。第65頁65地圖寫作技巧注意“改變”（1）圖形原有事物改變（2）圖形新添事物第66頁66地圖重難點1.時態(tài)：通常為普通過去時2.細節(jié)改變：地圖每個細節(jié)改變都要提到，不能忽略3.語態(tài)：通常為被動語態(tài)4.書寫次序：時間次序&空間次序第67頁67地圖慣用單詞方位：intheeast/west/south/northof…;intheeastern/western/southernnorthernpartof…

建設：build,construct（普通建筑物），erect豎立（高大建筑物），establish/setup（無建筑物體或抽象機構），pave（道路修建）第68頁68地圖慣用句型◎Itisobvious/notable/noticeablethat...◎Itiseasytolocate/tofindthat…◎Itcanbeseenfromthegraphthat…◎Aislocated/situated/sitedin/on/totheeastofB.◎Aisincenter/middle/centralareaofB◎Aisnear/nextto/closeto/adjacenttoB.◎AisontheoppositesideofB.第69頁69LocationAlies……ShanghailiesintheeastofChinaJapanliestotheeastofChinaMongolialiesonthenorthsideofChinaAislocated……Aisnextto/near/closetoBAisattheeast/west/north/southofBAisrightacrossfromBTheroadrunsfrom…to…第70頁70DrawbyyourselfTheplaygroundisroughlyinthemiddleoftheresidentialzone.ThebankisintheNorthwestcorneroftheresidentialzone.Housesareatthebottomoftheresidentialzone.Themotorcyclistisoutsidetheresidentialzone.Thebarber’sisoppositetothebankThesupermarketishalfwaybetweenthebankandthebarber’s.Thesupermarketisdirectlyoppositetothestop.Alocalbusistotherightofthestation第71頁71劍5P75ThemapbelowisofthetownofGarlsdon.Anewsupermarket(S)isplannedforthetown.Themapshowstwopossiblesitesforsupermarket.選址型第72頁72northwestcountrysideFewercustomerLowrentTrain,buscentredowntownCBD,residential,industryshoppersrenttrafficSatellitecities第73頁73P1ThemapshowstwoproposedlocationsforanewsupermarketforthetownofGarlsdon第74頁74P2Thefirstpotentiallocation(S1)isoutsidethetownitself,andislocateddjustoffthemainroadtothetownofHindon,lying12kmstothenorth-west.Thissiteisinthecountrysideandsoitwouldbeabletoaccommodatealotofcarparking,whichmakesitaccessibletoshoppersfrombothHindonandGarlsdonwhocouldtravelbycar.第75頁75P2AsitisalsoclosetotherailwaylinelinkingthetwotownstoCransdon(25kmtothesouth-east),apotentiallylargenumberofshopperswouldalsobeabletotravelbytrain.Generallyspeaking,therentisrelativelylowerincountryside,soitwillsavesomeexpending.第76頁76P3Incontrast,thesuggestedlocation,S2,isrightinthetowncentre,whichwouldbegoodforlocalresidents.Theoricallythestorecouldbeaccessedbyroadorrailfromthesurroundingtowns,butasthecentralareaisano-trafficzone,carswouldbeunabletoparkandaccesswouldbedifficult.第77頁77P4Overall,neithersiteisappropriateforallthetowns,buttheout-of-townsite(S1)wouldprobablyoffermoreadvantagesandmorereasonable.第78頁78ChorleywoodisavillagenearLondonwhosepopulationhasincreasedsteadilysincethemiddleofthenineteenthcentury.Themapbelowshowsthedeve