獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)課件

AbsoluteConstruction

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)AbsoluteConstruction一、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：英語中的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)從語法上看，它是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的成分，而不是句子（因?yàn)榫渲袥]有謂語），在句中主要用作狀語，通?？赊D(zhuǎn)換成狀語從句。英語獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的幾種常構(gòu)成方式：一、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：1.名詞或代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞名詞或代詞通常是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，與現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示主動(dòng)的或正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.Sheranuptome,herhairflyinginthewind.她向我跑來，秀發(fā)在風(fēng)中飄揚(yáng)著。1.名詞或代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞Allthistime,theywerefastasleep,allofthemknowingnothingaboutwhathadhappened.那段時(shí)間，他們都很快就入睡了，沒有人知道發(fā)生了什么事。Allthistime,theywerefast2.名詞或代詞+過去分詞名詞或代詞是動(dòng)作的承受者，與過去分詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系或系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示被動(dòng)或已完成的動(dòng)作。如：Thisdone,wewenthome.做完此事，我們就回家了。Shegazed,herhandsclaspedtoherbreast.她凝視著，雙手叉在胸前。2.名詞或代詞+過去分詞Arthurgone,hewouldonlybeallowedtomakevisitslikeotheracquaintances.阿瑟走后，他就會(huì)像其他相識(shí)的人一樣地被允許來拜訪了。Asyetfewhavedonetheirfullduty,presentcompanyexcepted.迄今全部完成任務(wù)的人很少，在座的人除外。Hiscupbroken,heusedhisbowlinstead.茶杯破了，他就用碗來代替。Arthurgone,hewouldonlybe3.名詞或代詞+不定式名詞或主格代詞通常是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，與不定式構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常位于句首或句末。如：

Ahousetobebuilt,wemustsaveeverycent.由于要建一座房子，我們必須節(jié)省每一分錢。NowhereisLiLei,WeiFangtocometomorrow.現(xiàn)在李蕾來了，魏方明天到。3.名詞或代詞+不定式Wedividedthework,hetocleanthewindowandItosweepthefloor.

我們分了工，他擦窗戶，我掃地。Heisleavingfortheconferencenextweek,allexpensestobepaidbyhiscompany.他下周去參加一個(gè)會(huì)議，所有費(fèi)用由他的公司支付。Wedividedthework,hetocle4.名詞或代詞+形容詞或副詞形容詞或副詞常用來說明名詞或代詞的性質(zhì)特征或所處的狀態(tài)。如：Hesatinthefrontrow,hismouthhalfopen.他坐在前排，嘴半開著。Thegroundmuddy,weshouldbecareful.地面濘泥，我們應(yīng)該小心。

Hecameintotheroom,hisearsredwithcold.4.名詞或代詞+形容詞或副詞Thepeople,theirlivelihoodsecure,nowhavetheleisuretotakeupsports.現(xiàn)在人民生活有了保障，就有時(shí)間參加體育活動(dòng)了Shesatatthetable,collaroff,headdown,andpeninposition,readytobeginthelongletter.

她坐在桌前，衣領(lǐng)已解掉，頭低了下來，拿好鋼筆，準(zhǔn)備開始寫一封長(zhǎng)信。Thepeople,theirlivelihoods5.名詞或代詞+介詞短語介詞短語也是用來說明代詞的性質(zhì)特征或所處的狀態(tài)。如：Thesoldiersdashedin,rifleinhand.

士兵們端著槍沖了進(jìn)來。Hewaswaiting,hiseyesonherback.他在等著，眼睛望著她的背影。5.名詞或代詞+介詞短語Theoldwomansatdown,tracesoftearsstillonhercheeks.老太太坐了下來，面頰上還帶有淚痕。Glassesinhand,heaskedwherehisglasseswere.手里拿著眼鏡，他問他的眼鏡哪去了。

Theoldwomansatdown,traces二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)：1）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨(dú)立存在。2）名詞或代詞與后面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定式，介詞等是主謂關(guān)系。3）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號(hào)與主句分開。二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)：1）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子三、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的句法功能獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中作狀語，表示時(shí)間、原因、條件和伴隨等情況。三、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的句法功能獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中作狀語，表示時(shí)1.作時(shí)間狀語Schoolover,thestudentswenthome.放學(xué)后，學(xué)生們都回家了。Theceremonyended,thegamesbegan.儀式結(jié)束后，比賽開始了。1.作時(shí)間狀語Schoolover,thestude2.作條件狀語Itbeingfinetomorrow,we’llgoboating.如果明天天氣好的話，我們就去劃船。LiLeicoming,itisnotnecessarytoaskWuDong.如果李蕾來的話，就沒有必要叫吳東了。2.作條件狀語Itbeingfinetomorrow3.作原因狀語Themeetingbeingputoff,weneedn’thurry.由于會(huì)議推遲了，我們就沒有必要匆忙了。Mr.Libeingill,MissYangwillgiveusthislessoninstead.李老師病了，楊老師將代他來給我們上這堂課。3.作原因狀語Themeetingbeingput4.作伴隨狀語Mr.Licomeshere,

abookinhishand.

李先生手里拿著書過來了。Asmileonherface,sheaskedwhatshecoulddoforus.她面帶微笑問我們要什么。4.作伴隨狀語Mr.Licomeshere,

ab表伴隨時(shí)，既可用分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，也可用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。with+名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語

With的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作獨(dú)立主格

表伴隨時(shí)，既可用分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，也可用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。wThemurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback.beingtied B.havingtiedC.tobetied D.tied.Hestoodthere,hishandraised.=Hestoodthere,withhishandraised.Themurdererwasbroughtin,w1.當(dāng)介詞是in時(shí)，其前后的兩個(gè)名詞均不加任何成分（如物主代詞或冠詞），也不用復(fù)數(shù)。但with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不受此限制。注意:Arobberburstintotheroom,knifeinhand.(hand前不能加his)1.當(dāng)介詞是in時(shí)，其前后的兩個(gè)名詞均不加任何成分（如物主MissSmithenteredtheclassroom,bookinhand.史密斯先生走進(jìn)了課室，手里拿著一本書。比較with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：MissSmithenteredtheclassroom,withabookinhishand.

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)課件2.當(dāng)表人體部位的詞做邏輯主語時(shí)，不及物動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在分詞，及物動(dòng)詞用過去分詞。

Helaythere,histeethset,hishandclenched,hiseyeslookingstraightup.2.當(dāng)表人體部位的詞做邏輯主語時(shí)，不及物動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在分詞，及3.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)沒有所有格形式Thechief-editorarriving,webeganthemeeting.主編來了，我們開始開會(huì)。比較動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：Thechief-editor’sarrivingmadeusverysurprised.

3.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)沒有所有格形式4.獨(dú)立主格與狀語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換當(dāng)狀語從句的主語與主句的主語不是指同一個(gè)對(duì)象時(shí)，可用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)取代狀語從句，但不再保留連詞。如：1.Afterclasswasoverthestudentssoonlefttheclassroom.Classbeingover/Classover,thestudentssoonlefttheclassroom.下課后，學(xué)生很快離開了教室。

4.獨(dú)立主格與狀語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換2.Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday.

=Whenthetestwasfinished,webeganourholiday.3.Thepresidentassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.

=Afterthepresidentwasassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.2.Thetestfinished,webegan5.獨(dú)立主格的時(shí)態(tài)問題獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作時(shí)間或原因狀語時(shí)，可用完成時(shí)，表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語之前。如：Thelistenershavingtakentheirseats,theconcertbegan.聽眾坐好后，音樂會(huì)開始了。Tomhavingbeenlateoverandover,hisbosswasverydisappointed.由于湯姆一再遲到，他的老板非常失望。

5.獨(dú)立主格的時(shí)態(tài)問題1.Weather___,we'llgooutforawalk.A.permittedB.permittingC.permitsD.For

本句改為Ifweatherpermits,we'llgooutforawalk.

典型例題：1.Weather___,we'llgooutfo2.____,wewenthome.A.OurhomeworkfinishedB.OurhomeworkhavingbeenfinishedC.OurhomeworkfinishingD.Ourhomeworkbeenfinished2.____,wewenthome.3.Themeeting____,hewentbacktohiscompany.A.overB.beenoverC.wasoverD.havebeenover3.Themeeting____,hewentba4.Time____,weshallvisitthezoo.A.beenpermittingB.permittingC.permittedD.havingbeenpermitted4.Time____,weshallvisitthe5.____,heputonhiscoat.ItbeingcoldB.ItcoldC.BeingcoldD.Ithavingbeencold5.____,heputonhiscoat.6.Helefttheroom____.A.withthedoorclosingB.withthedoorclosedC.withthedoorbeingclosed6.Helefttheroom____.PracticeTime1.Ihavealotofbooks,halfof________novels.A.which

B.that

C.whom

D.them2.________moreandmoreforestsdestroyed,manyanimalsarefacingthedangerofdyingout.A.because B.as C.With D.SincePracticeTime3.Thebuswascrowdedwithpassengersgoinghomefrommarket,mostof________carryingheavybagsandbasketsfulloffruitandvegetablestheyhadboughtthere.A.them B.who

C.whom D.which3.Thebuswascrowdedwithpa4.ThelargestcollectioneverfoundinEnglandwasoneofabout200,000silverpennies,allof________over600yearsold.A.whichB.that C.them D.it4.Thelargestcollectionever5.Thecave______verydark,helitsomecandles_______light.A.was;given B.was;togiveC.being;given D.being;togive5.Thecave______verydark,6.Thesoldierrushedintothecave,hisrighthand________agunandhisface________withsweat.Aheld;covered

B.holding;covering

C.holding;covered

D.held;covering6.Thesoldierrushedintothe7.Thegirlinthesnapshotwassmilingsweetly,herlonghair_________.A.flowedinthebreeze

B.wasflowinginthebreeze C.wereflowinginthebreeze D.flowinginthebreeze7.Thegirlinthesnapshotwa8.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons_____fortheday.A.finishing B.finished C.hadfinished

D.hadbeenfinished8.Thechildrenwenthomefrom9.OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_________parentsseatedtogetherjoking.A.their

B.whoseC.which

D.that9.OnSundaystherewerealot10.TheSmithsarerichandtheyhavethreecars,oneaToyota,________LandRoverofthelatest.A.another B.other C.theother D.theothers10.TheSmithsarerichandth11.Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft,themostrecent_______attheendoflastMarchA.hasbeenlaunchedB.havingbeenlaunchedC.beinglaunched