定語從句教研教案

定語從句HuoJianhuaisaman.HuoJianhuaisahandsomeman.HuoJianhuaisahandsomeman.參考答案：glassesiswearingglasses一．概念定語從句：在復合句中修飾名詞或代詞的句子，叫定語從句。先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。關系詞：引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞。作用：1.連接作用---連接先行詞和定語從句2.替代作用---在定語從句中替代從句所修飾的先行詞3.成分作用---在定語從句中作主語，賓語，定語或者狀語Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.結構：先行詞+關系詞+定語從句先行詞關系詞定語從句（關系代詞，關系副詞）二．考點考點一：關系代詞：who,whom,whose,which,that(一)who:指人,在從句中作主語或賓語,作賓語時可以省略。例：youknowthemanwhowasinjuredintheaccident?（）2.Theman(who)youmetjustnowismyfriend.（）中考鏈接：1.（2022杭州）Thewoman______isthemostimportantinmylifeismymother.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.what2.（2022山東德州）Everyone______hasbeentoShanghaisaysitisamoderncity.A.why參考答案：例1.主語2.賓語中考鏈接：(二)whom:指人,在從句中作賓語，作賓語時可以省略。如果介詞提前則不能省略。例：person(whom)youjusttalkedtoisMrLi.（）persontowhomyoujusttalkedisMrLi.中考鏈接：1.—Doyouknowthegirl__ourEnglishteacheristalkingto?—Yes.She'smysister.whereB.whom C.which D.whose參考答案：例1.賓語中考鏈接：(三)whose:意為“……的”，作名詞的限定語，既可修飾人，也可修飾物。在從句中作定語。例：showmethebookwhosecoverisred.中考鏈接：1.(2022貴州黔西南州）---Doyouknowtheman____T--shirtisblue?----Yes,Ido.HeismyChineseteacher,Mr.Smith.2.（銅仁）LiMeiisthestudent_________handwritingisthebestinourclass.A.whoseB.whomC.whoD.that3.（天津）Johnistheboy_____legswerebadlyhurtintheaccident.A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which參考答案：(四)which:指物,在定語從句中作主語或賓語,作賓語時可省略。如果介詞提前則不能省略。例：plantedsometreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchwater.（）fish(which)weboughtthismorningwerenotfresh.（）thisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?中考鏈接：1.(2022四川自貢)Thisisthebook______tellsmanyEnglishstories.B.whichC.who2.（湖北咸寧）Wealllikethestoryabouttheteacher_______happenedinourschoollastweek.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.what參考答案：例1.主語2.賓語中考鏈接：(五)that:指人或指物，在定語從句中可作主語或賓語，作賓語時可省略。例：planeisamachinethatcanfly.（）girl(that)wesawyesterdaywasJim’ssister.（）試題鏈接：1.（2022廣州）Thestories______werewrittenbyMarkTwainareoftenhumorous.A.thatB.thoseC.whoD.what2.（2022河南）—Whydon’tyoulikefishing?—Fishingisahobbyneedsmuchpatience,butI’mnotpatientatall.B.thatC.itD.what參考答案：例1.主語2.賓語中考鏈接：(六)注意：在定語從句中，that和which都可以指物，但下列情況只能用that不能用which：(1)當先行詞是不定代詞或被不定代詞修飾時（如anything,everything,something,nothing…）例：thereanythingIcandoforyou?havereadallthebooksyougaveme.dictionaryourlibraryboughtisgood.willtellhimall____youtoldmeattheparty.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether參考答案：(2)當先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時例：firstplacewevisitedinBeijingwastheGreatWall.isthemostinterestingbookIhaveeverread.參考答案：(3)當先行詞被theonly,thevery（正是）,thelast，all,some,any,no,little,much修飾時例：istheverybookIamlookingfor.havereadallthebooksyoulentme.參考答案：(4)當先行詞同時含有人和物時例：talkedaboutthethingsandpersonswewereinterestedin.參考答案：(5)當主句以疑問詞who或which開頭時例：isthemobilephoneyouwanttobuy?isthemanisreadingabookthere?參考答案：口訣：不定代詞這一伙，全用that準沒錯。先行詞前有修飾，千萬不能用which。練一練：（）1.I'minterestedin______youhavesaid.A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which（）2.Isthereanythingelse_____youwant?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what（）3.Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it（）4.Thisisthebag_____mymotherboughtyesterday.

A.that

B.who

C.whom

D.this（）girl_____yousawinthestreetisMary.A.that

B.whose

C.which

D.as（）6.Isthisthefactory_____alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?A.theone

B.which

C.who

D.whom（）7.Theonlylanguage_____iseasytolearnisthemothertongue.A.which

B.that

C./

D.it參考答案：注意：不能用that引導定語從句的情況:1.關系代詞前有介詞時2.先行詞本身是that時3.引導非限定性定語從句時例：istheclassroominwestudiedfortwoyears.,isthecapitalofChina,isaverybeautifulcity.參考答案：口訣：要有which別著急，介詞提前逗隔離。that與which,who,whom的用法區(qū)別：情況用法說明例句只用that的情況先行詞為all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,等不定代詞時。先行詞被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修飾時先行詞有形容詞最高級和序數(shù)詞修飾時先行詞既指人又指物時先行詞被theonly,thevery修飾時句中已經有who或which時，為了避免重復時toldmeeverythingthatheknows.thebooksthatyouofferedhasbeengivenout.isthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.talkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.istheonlymanthatIwanttosee.isthemanthatismakingaspeech?只用which,who,whom的情況在非限制性定語從句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人在由"介詞+關系代詞"引導的定語從句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。先行詞本身是that時，關系詞用which,先行詞為those,one,he時多用who。Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.小結：一、關系詞判斷步驟首先，要辨別出先行詞。如果先行詞是指人,關系詞可能就用who,that,whom,whose。如果先行詞指物,關系詞可能用which或that然后，要確定關系詞在從句中的成分。請看下表先行詞主語賓語定語人who,thatwho(m),thatwhose物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,ofwhich二、關系代詞的省略一般情況下，關系代詞作賓語時可以省略，但關系代詞which,whom在從句中作介詞的賓語并且介詞位于關系代詞前面時，不能省略。例：’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheclub.我永遠不會忘記我加入俱樂部的那一天。注意：that,which,who在從句中作主語時，不能省略。例：istheboythatistalkingwithourteacher?正在和我們老師談話的那個男孩是誰？練一練：一、填空1.

Doyouknowthegirl_________istalkingwithyourmother?2.

Themanto_____Ispokewasaforeigner.3.Iknowaboy______fatherisanactor.4.Hesawahouse_____windowswereallbroken.二、單項選擇（）1.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity___Iknow.A.itB.whereC.thatD.which（）2.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady____comesfromBeijing.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose（）3.Isthereanythingelse___yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what（）4.What’sthenameoftheman____?A.youborrowedhiscarB.whichcaryouborrowedC.whosecaryouborrowedD.hiscaryouborrowed參考答案：一、\that二、考點二：關系副詞：where,when,why(一)where表示地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。例：istheschoolwhereIstudiedthreeyearsago.那是我三年前就讀的學校。先行詞地點狀語主語謂語(二)when表示時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。例：stillremembertheyearwhenyougraduatedfrommiddleschool.（）（）（）（）中考鏈接：1.（湖南岳陽）Ican’tforgetthetimetheearthquakehappenedinYushu.A.whenB.whichC.where2.(山東菏澤)I’llneverforgettheday_____thegreatscientistcametoourschoolandgaveusaspeech.A.that B.which C.when D.where參考答案：例：1.先行詞，時間狀語，主語，謂語中考鏈接：(三)why表示原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語，其先行詞只有表示原因的reason一詞。例：don’tknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool.我們不知道他為什么上學遲到。（）參考答案：原因狀語(四)定語從句的引導詞是用關系代詞還是關系副詞，可以根據(jù)從句的謂語動詞來判斷。例：1.Thisistheplace____________wevisitedlastyear.②Thisistheplace______heworks.例：2.Thatwasthetime_____hearrived.②Doyoustillrememberthedays_________wespenttogether?例：3①Thisisthereason_________hedidn’tcome..②Thereason_________hegaveuswasquitereasonable（合理的）.注意：從句中的動詞如果是及物動詞，后面若無賓語，就用關系代詞；如果是不及物動詞則用關系副詞。參考答案：\which;where;that;that\which練一練1.I’llneverforgetthedays_____________weworkedtogether.2.I’llneverforgetthedayswespenttogether.3.Iwenttotheplace______________Iworkedtenyearsago.4.Iwenttotheplace______________Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_____________hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason________________hegaveus.參考答案：\which\which\that小結關系詞作用先行詞例句that,who,whom主語，賓語，表語人Doyouknowthegirlwho\thathasgotan“A”intheexam?你知道考試中得“A”的那個女孩嗎？that,which主語，賓語，表語物Shegotacomputerwhich\thatherparentsboughtforher.她有一臺電腦，這臺電腦是她父母給她買的。whose定語人，物Theboywhosefatherisadoctorstudiesveryhard.那個男孩學習非?？炭?，他的爸爸是位醫(yī)生。Theroomwhosewindowisopenismine.開著窗戶的那個房間是我的。when狀語時間IstillrememberthedaywhenyouleftforBeijing.我仍然記得你去北京的那一天。where狀語地點Thisistheschoolwheremymotherworks.這就是我媽媽工作的那個學校。why狀語原因Couldyouexplainthereasonwhyyouwerelate?你能解釋一下你遲到的原因嗎？解題方法指導方法一：定語從句先行詞還原法初中階段對定語從句的考查主要是關系詞的運用。首先大家可以把先行詞還原到從句中。其次是在選擇關系詞時，一要看先行詞是指人還是指物，二要看在從句中作何成分，從而做出正確的判斷。IstillrememberthecollegeandtheteachersIvisitedinLondonyearsago.解析：句意：我仍然記得許多年前在倫敦參觀過的大學和拜訪過的老師。先行詞是thecollegeandtheteachers,當先行詞既有人又有物時，關系詞用that。鞏固練習1、Therearelotsofthings______Ineedtopreparebeforethetrip.(河北省卷)A.who B.that C.whom D.whose2、Jimdislikespeople_______talkmuchbutneverdoanything.（吉林省通化市） 3、—IhearSamhasgonetoQiandiaoforhisholiday.（江蘇省南京市）--Oh,hownice!Doyouknowwhenhe_______? leaving left left4、Wearetryingtohelpthosechildren____losttheirparentsinYushu,QinghaiProvince.(浙江省衢州市) A.which B.when C.who D.whose5、Doyouknowthegirl_______issingingintheclassroom?(湖南長沙) 6、—ThevolunteersaredoingagreatjobinYushu.（江蘇省揚州市）arehelpingthepeople______aresufferingfromtheearthquake. C./ 7、Haveyoufoundtheanswertothequestion______Iaskedyouthismorning?（四川省成都市）