2023北京東城高一（下）期末英語

2023北京東城高一（下）期末英語本試卷共10頁，共100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共三節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)選詞填空（共13小題；每小題1分，共13分）A請(qǐng)用方框中的單詞或短語完成句子，并將答案寫在答題紙相應(yīng)位置。decoratebeyondgenerousintelligentfunctionkeeptrackoftryoutadaptto1.It'sveryofyoutolendmeyourbook.Themachinedoesn'twellincoldweather.After30years,thetownhaschangedrecognition.Anyonewithmusicaltalentcanforthecompetition.Whenimportantfestivalsapproach,wewillthehouses.EverytimeIgooutforawalk,Iusethisapptomysteps.Tobecomeanastronaut,youmustbeenoughtogetarelatedcollegedegree.Scientistsareconcernedthatit'sdifficultforanimalstotheclimatechange.B請(qǐng)用方框中單詞的正確形式完成句子，并將答案寫在答題紙相應(yīng)位置。extinctdefiniteequipusualenergyWorkingoutregularly,heisalways.Nevergoclimbingwithouttheproper.Theboy'sbehaviourpuzzledthedoctor.Manyendangeredspeciesarenowfacingthedangerof.Itwasanamazingatmosphere一thebestoneI'veeverexperienced.第二節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。GusWhitewasdrivinghomefromworkwhenhespottedapairofdogsintheflashofhisheadlights.Itwassnowingsohard.Whatweretheydoingouthere,whenitwastoo14fordogstogooutside?Gusparkedhistruckandapproachedtheanimals.He15hishandstothem,whichmadenoefforttoescape.Heplacedthedogsonthepassengerseatandtheyweresnuggled（依偎）togetherthere.Gustookapictureofthepairand16ittohiswife,KatieWhite.Thenhecalledthe17fromthedogs'IDtags.Amananswered.gavethosedogsaway,“themansaid.“Well,doyouwantthemback?”"No."Themanhungup.Thesedogswere18inthisworld.Guslookedoverat

them,theirlargeeyesbegging.HecalledKatie."Bringthemhome"，shesaid.TheWhitespreparedabedforthedogs,alsosettingoutfoodandwater.Asaboy,Gushaddreamedofowningdogsbut19thispairwasoutofthequestion-theWhitesalreadyhadafamilydog.Thenextday,theytookthedogstoa20todropthemoff-ononecondition."Tmnotsigningthedogsovertoyouifyou'regoingto21themJKatiesaid.Theshelterworkerspromisedherthey'dkeepthecoupletogether.Inthedaysfollowing,Katiephonedtheshelter22tocheckuponPepperandCooper.Soon,thedogswereadopted,asapair,toalovingfamily.It'sasimplestorybutitspeakstothebestofourA.wetA.reachedoutA.handedB.lateB?spreadoutB-tookA.policeA.importantA.keepingIt'sasimplestorybutitspeakstothebestofourA.wetA.reachedoutA.handedB.lateB?spreadoutB-tookA.policeA.importantA.keepingA.shopA.leaveA.unwillinglyB-passengerB-fearlessB.curingA.power23.windygaveoutsentnamefriendlyattendingparkseparaterepeatedlyknowledgeC.C.C.C.C.C.B. shelter C.B. adopt C.B. casually C.B.natureC.D.coldD.pushedoutD.donatedD.numberD.homelessD.trainingD.streetD.treatD.hardlyD.worth第三節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題L5分，共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。AIn2009,Whitacrereceivedavideoofagirl24wassingingoneofhisworks.Inspired,heaskedhisfans25(make)videos,whichhethenjoinedtogetherintooneperformance.Hisfirstvirtualchoirhad185singers2612differentcountries.IthasreceivedmillionsofviewsontheInternet.Sincethen,thevirtualchoir27(become)aworldwidephenomenon.BIn1941,DrLinbecamethefirstChinesewomanevertobeappointeddirectoroftheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital,butjustafewmonthslater,thedepartment28(close)becauseofthewar.29(think)ofallthepeoplestillinneedofhelp,DrLinopenedaprivateclinic.Shechargedverylowfeestotreatpatientsandoftenreducedcostsforpoorpatients.Attimesshewasevenseen30(ride)adonkeytofarawayvillagestoprovidemedicalcare.CTheDragonBoatFestivalisatraditionalChineseholiday31(celebrate)bymanypeopletoday.It32(fall)onthefifthdayofthefifthlunarmonth.Therearemanyactivitiesandcustoms,suchas33(race)dragonboats.Itisalsoanoccasionforfamiliestogatherandforpeopletopayrespecttothefamouspoet,QuYuan.第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題2分，共20分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AFamilydaysoutcanbeexpensivebutit'spossibletosticktoabudgetduringthesummerholidaysbytakingadvantageofthefollowingactivities.OutdooractivitiesAtBrimhamRocks,thereisaone-hourrockexploreractivityon14July.Theactivityisfree,althoughcarparkingchargesapplyfornon-NationalTrustmembers.Whilegettingoutintonaturehaslotsofbenefits,sometimesyouneedanextraactivitytokeepthingsinteresting.Forexample,theWoodlandTrustishostingatreeplantingeventatYonderOakWood,nearExmouthinDevon.Therearemorningandafternoonsessionson18and19July.Itisfreetoattendbutonlinebookingaheadoftimeisessential.RainhamMarshes,theRSPBnaturereserveinPurfleet,Essex,isrunninganartsprogrammeforchildrenagedthreetotenon14July.Youcansignuponlineandticketscost￡3.Itisalsohostingpond-dippingactivitieson15July(upto￡5.50).Arts,craftsandmuseumsForLondonersorthosevisitingthecapitalduringtheholiday,theSouthbankCentreishostingtheImagineChildren'sFestival(until18July),wheremanyeventsarefree,includinghip-hopdanceworkshops,andlivemusicshows.TheTateModernishostingThreads,afreefamilyeventrunningfrom11-19Julywhereyouworktogethertocreateyourownartworkusingcolorfulthreadsandtextiles.TheRoyalAirForceMuseumLondon(freeentry)inHendonhasarangeoffreeactivitiesonofferoverthesamedates,includingarobot-codingworkshop,aradarmathschallengeandtotebagmaking.AndtheVictoriaandAlbertMuseuminSouthKensingtonisrunningfreeChinesethemedeventsincludingadrop-inworkshopforfamilieswhereyoumakeatraditionalChinesekite(15-17July).Whereisthetreeplantingeventheld?A.AtBrimhamRocks. B.AtYonderOakWood.C.InRSPBnaturereserve. D.IntheSouthbankCentre..WhatcanyoudoattheImagineChildren'sFestival?A. Takedanceclasses. B. Createan artwork.C. Learnrobot-coding. D.MakeaChinesekite.Thepassageisintendedfor.A. artists B. teachers C. guides D.parentsBHibernationisnotjustsleep.Whilewesleep,ourbrainsfireupandbecomehighlyactive;inhibernation,onthecontrary,brainactivitycompletelyslowsdown.Thebodytemperatureofhibernatinganimalsalsodrops,insomecasesclosetothefreezingpoint.Cells侈田胞)stopdividingandheartratedecreasestotwobeatsperminute.Yet,onceit'stimetowakeup,hibernatinganimalscomebacktolifewithoutanysignificantsideeffectslikefreezing,muscleloss,orlossofbonedensityduringthelongwintermonths.Thesame,however,can'tbesaidaboutpeoplewhowakeupfromlong-termmedicalcomas(昏迷),oreventhosewhohavetostayinbedforlongperiodsoftime.Suchpeople,justlikeastronautsinmicrogravity,wouldsufferfromawiderangeofsideeffectsthatcomefromnotactivelyusingtheirbodies.Scientistsarethereforelookingintohibernationresearchwiththeaimofdevelopingwaystocausehibernationinfuturespaceastronauts.Recently,KellyDrew,aprofessorofchemistryandbiochemistry,hasbeenrewardedforhisresearch.TheideaisthatratherthanhavingastronautssitformonthsinatinyMars-boundcapsule,consumingfood,waterandair,andgraduallywastingawayfromnotdoingmuchinmicrogravity,apartofthecrewmemberscouldbeplacedintohibernation.Thehibernatingastronautswouldn'tneedanyfoodorwaterandcouldmanagewithmuchlessair-yettheywouldwakeupwiththeirbonesandmusclesinamuchbetterconditionthanthoseoftheirawakecounterparts.“Thisresearchcouldbeusedtohelpfuturemissions,fromtheextremeofmedicallycausedhibernationforlongtermspacemissions,protectingastronautsfromcabinfever,radiation,andmuchmoreJhesaid."Itcouldalsoproveeffectiveinpreventingmuscleandbonelossinzerogravity.,,Thestateofhibernationcouldalsohelpinthemedicalsettingtohelpprotectpatientssufferingfromlifethreateningconditionssuchasheartattacksandstrokes.“Thiscouldmeanthatpatientswhohavesufferedfromastrokeorheartattackcouldbeplacedinmedicallycausedhibernationuntiltheycanbetransportedtoahospitaltoreceivecare,whichcouldsignificantlyimprovemedicaloutcomes/,thescientistsaid.WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph1?A.Theworkingprinciplesofhibernation. B.Theuniquefeaturesofhibernation.C?Themajorreasonsforhibernation. D.Thesideeffectsofhibernation.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“counterparts''inParagraph3referto?A.Bonesandmuscles.B.Brains. C.Astronauts. D.Patients.Whatwillscientistsprobablydointhefutureresearch?A.Studyhibernatinganimalsinspacemissions. B.Findwaystoputpeopleintohibernation.C.Improvemedicaltreatmentsforpatients. D.Seekcuresforlife-threateningdiseases.CWillchatbotsthatcangeneratefascinatingarticlesdestroyeducationasweknowit?NewYorkCity'sDepartmentofEducationrecentlybanned（禁止）theuseofChatGPT."Whilethetoolmaybeabletoprovidequickandeasyanswerstoquestions/9saystheofficialstatement,"itdoesnotbuildcritical-thinkingskills,whicharenecessaryfbracademicandlifelongsuccess.”Banningsuchuseoftechnologyfromtheclassroomisanearsightedresponse.Instead,wemustfindawayforwardinwhichsuchtechnologiescombinewellwith,ratherthanreplace,studentthinking.BanningChatGPTisimpossibleinpractice.Studentswillfindwaysaroundtheban,whichwillcauseafurtherdefensiveresponsefromteachersandadministrators,andsoon.It'shardtobelievethatacloseracebetweenthosedigitalnativesandtheireducatorswillendinadecisivevictoryforthelatter.Tnfact,chatbotsmaywellspeedupatrend（趨I向）towardvaluingcriticalthinking.Inaworldwherecomputerscanfluentlyansweranyquestion,studentsneedtogetmuchbetteratdecidingwhatquestionstoaskandhowtofact-checktheanswerstheprogramgenerates.Sohowdoweencourageyoungpeopletousetheirmindswhenrealthinkingissohardtotellapartfromitssimulacrum（假象）？Teachers,ofcourse,willstillwanttowatchstudentstakingold-fashioned,in-person,no-chatbot-allowedexamstocheckthattheydonotcheat.Butwemustalsofigureouthowtodosomethingnew:howtousetoolslikeGPTtoinspiredeeperthinking.GPToftengeneratestextthatisfluentand“reasonable“一butwrong.Sousingitrequiresthesamementalheavyliftingthatwritingdoes:forminganopinion,creatinganoutline,pickingwhichpointstoexplainandwhichtodrop,andlookingforsupportingfacts.GPTcanhelpwiththosetasks,butitcan'tputthemalltogether.Writingagoodessaystillrequireslotsofhumanthoughtandwork.Indeed,writingisthinking,andgoodwritingisgoodthinking.Oneapproachistofocusontheprocessasmuchastheresult.Forinstance,teachersmightrequirefourdraftsofanessay.Afterall,asJohnMcPhee,thefamouswriter,said,“thecentralnatureoftheprocessisrevision.Eachdraftgetsfeedbackfromtheteacher,frompeersorevenfromachatbot.Thenthestudentsproducethenextdraft,andsoon.WillAIonedayoutperformhumanbeingsinthinking?Maybe,butfornow,wemustthinkforourselves.Likeanytool,GPTisanenemyofthinkingonlyifwefailtofindwaystomakeitourpartner.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheban?A?Understandable.B.Irresponsible.A?Understandable.B.Irresponsible.C.Unwise.D.Necessary.WhyisitimpossibletobanChatGPTinpractice?Becausestudentsaredigitallyfluent.C.BecauseChatGPTwillkeepdeveloping.Becausestudentsaredigitallyfluent.C.BecauseChatGPTwillkeepdeveloping.Becauseschoolswilldefendtheban.D.Becausepeopletreasurecriticalthinking.HowdoestheauthorexplainhisideainParagraph6?A.Byquotingothers.B.Bypresentingfacts.C.Bygivingexamples.D.Byshowingsimilarities.A.Byquotingothers.B.Bypresentingfacts.C.Bygivingexamples.D.Byshowingsimilarities.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.IsGPTaprocessoraresult?B.WillGPToutperformstudents?A.IsGPTaprocessoraresult?B.WillGPToutperformstudents?D.HowcanChatbotsserveeducation?C.WhyChatbotsbecomeanewtrend?D.HowcanChatbotsserveeducation?第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Inthe17thcenturywhenaBritishbusinessmanheardthattherewereonehundredmillionpeopleinChina,hewasdeterminedtogothereandsellspoons.Hethoughtevenifhecouldearnonepennyforonespoon,hewouldstillmakealotofmoney.44Then,whydotheChinesepeopleusechopsticks?SomepeopledidresearchontheoriginofChina'schopsticks.OnetheoryisthatchopstickswereveryconvenientforChinesetousebecauseChinawasanagriculturalsociety,relyingmainlyonvegetablesforfood.Whenwesteamedorboiledfood,itwasdifficultforustousespoonstodipvegetablesinthesoup.45Westerners,ontheotherhand,travelledwiththeiranimalsfromplacetoplaceandlivedonmeat.Forthem,knivesandforksweremorepractical.Chopsticksreflectgentlenessandkindness,themainmoralteachingofConfucianism.46First,don'tuseittohitthesideofyourbowlorplatetomakenoises,becauseChinesepeoplethinkonlybeggarswoulddothistobegformeals.47Itmeansyoulaytheblameonothers.Also,don'tstickyourchopsticksuprightinthericebowl.Thatusuallyappearsatthefuneralsandisbelievedtobeimpolitetothehostandtheseniorswhoareatthetable.Today,chopstickshavebecomeatypicalpartofChineseculture,symbolisingthepowerofunity.48However,tenpairsofchopsticksrepresentstrength,whichmeanstheywon'tbreakoffinanycases.WeChinesepeopledrawonthisspirit,whichalwaysinspiresandencouragesustoworkhandinhandforabetterfuture.Asaresult,spoonsweredesignedandprefeiredbyWesterners.Buttohissurprise,theChinesepeopleusechopsticks,notspoons.Therefore,Chinesepeoplecleverlyinventedchopstickstopickfood.Besides,neverpointatpeoplewithyourchopstickswhileusingthem.Indeed,onechopstickisuselessandsodelicatethatitcanbebrokenreadily.Sothesevirtueshavegraduallybecometherulespeoplefollowintheirdailylife.Therearesomerulesaboutusingchopsticksthatyoushouldpaygreatattentionto.第三部分：書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；第49、50題各2分，第51題3分，第52題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。Formost12-year-olds,anyfreetimeafterschoolisspenthangingoutwithfriends,competinginsports,orplayingvideogames.ButAlejandroBuxtonhasanotherdream:makingall-naturalcandlesthathesellsonlineandatalocalmall.Theideawasinspiredbyhismother,whohadtogiveupmanyofthescentedcandlesshe'dfilledtheirhomewithafterrealizingthechemicalswithinthemwereworseningherallergies（過敏），causingherfrequentheadaches.So,in2019,atjust9yearsold,theboystartedexperimentingwithmakinghisown,mixingingredientslikesoyandcoconutwaxeswithessentialoils.Hecalledhisfirstwork“JurassicOrange/9foritscolorandpleasantsmell.Thoughhismotherwasabigfan,andthescentdidn'tcauseherheadtoache,Buxtonwantedtoimproveupon