初中狀語從句講解及習(xí)題附問題詳解

〔一〕狀語從句概述^義狀語從句用作狀語,是起副詞作用的句子.位置狀語從句可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之后,時(shí)間、條件、原因和讓-步狀語從句放在句首時(shí)需要用逗號和主句隔開.■分!根據(jù)其作用可以分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、目的、讓步、方式和比―擬等狀語從句.作用它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動詞、定語、狀語和整個(gè)句子.〔二〕狀語從句詳解1.時(shí)間狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞用法示例When意為"當(dāng)…的時(shí)候〃.When引導(dǎo)從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性動詞,也可以是瞬間動詞.并且when有時(shí)表示"就在那時(shí)〃Aliarisnotbelievedwhenhespeaksthetruth.說謊者講真話時(shí)也沒有人相信.Whenhearrives,I’llcallyou.Whenyoulaughandsmile,yourbodyrelaxes.while意為"在…的時(shí)候,在…的同時(shí)〃.While引導(dǎo)從句的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性的,發(fā)生時(shí)間較長,并強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生〔或者相對應(yīng)〕.While有時(shí)還可以表示比照.WhileIwasstandingatthewindow,Isawseveralboysrunningalongthestreet.WhileJohnwaswatchingTV,hiswifewascooking.as意為"一邊…一邊…〃.As引導(dǎo)的動作是延續(xù)性的,發(fā)生時(shí)間較短,一般用于主句和從句動作同時(shí)發(fā)生；as也可以強(qiáng)調(diào)一前一后.ThewriterwasangryashewastravellingonatraintoLondonbecausesomeonehadinvadedhis"space”.Hesmiledashestoodup.after意為"在…之后〃.表示主句動作發(fā)生在從句動作之后.主句與從句的動作時(shí)間關(guān)系與before引導(dǎo)的從句相反.Withmanyhungryvisitorswaiting,don'tstaytoolongatyourtableafteryouhavefinished.Ifanearlyexitisnecessary,youcanleaveafterasceneisover.before意為"在…之前〃.引導(dǎo)的從句不用否認(rèn)形式的謂語,并且當(dāng)before引導(dǎo)的從句位于主句之后,有時(shí)譯成"就,才〃.當(dāng)主句用將來時(shí),從句總是用現(xiàn)在時(shí)；如果before引導(dǎo)的從句謂語用的是過去時(shí),如此主句動詞多用過去完成時(shí),這樣以便表Youcan'twatchTVbeforeyoufinishyourhomework.Beforeitended,thetheatrewasalmostempty.MyfatherhadleftforCanadajustbeforetheletterarrived.現(xiàn)動作的先后.till意為"直到〃.一般情況下可以和until互換.如果主句中的謂語動詞是瞬時(shí)動詞時(shí),必須用否認(rèn)形式；如果主句中的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞時(shí)理肯定和否認(rèn)形式都可以,但表達(dá)的意思不同.Shedidn'tevenknowthatitwasanearthquaketillshesawashaking<movingfromsidetoside>light.Thefiremanworkedveryhardtillthefirewasout.until意為"直到〃.在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中多用UntiL如果主句中的謂語動詞是瞬時(shí)動詞時(shí),必須用否認(rèn)形式；如果主句中的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞時(shí)押肯定和否認(rèn)形式都可以,但表達(dá)的意思不同.I'mwaitingformysister.Iwon'tgotoseemyuncleuntilshees.WaituntilIfinishwhatIamdoing.since意為”自從,從…以來〃.引導(dǎo)從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的動詞,也可以是瞬時(shí)動詞.一般情況下,從句謂語動詞用一般過去時(shí),而主句的謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).但在Itis+時(shí)間+since從句的句型中,主句多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).IhavebeenstudyinghardsinceIenteredthehighschool.ItisfouryearssincemysisterlivedinBeijing.ItisfiveyearsmonthssinceourbosswasnotinBeijing.assoonas意為"一…就…〃.引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí),如果主句用了將來時(shí),從句一般使用現(xiàn)在時(shí).Tomwillcallmeassoonashegetshome.IwillcallyouassoonasIarrive.2.地點(diǎn)狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞用法示例where意為"哪里〃."where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句，［there+〕主句”"哪里…哪里就…〃.主句在從句后面時(shí),there可用可不用；主句在從句的前面時(shí),一般都不用there.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Theyweregoodpersons.Wheretheywent,theretheywerewarmlyweled.Youshouldhaveputthebookwhereyoufoundit.wherever意〃為^^"^^無^^論^^何地”.anywhere/wherever引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句+主句.anywhere本身是個(gè)副詞,但是常可以引導(dǎo)從句,相當(dāng)于連詞,意思相當(dāng)于wherever,anywhere弓|導(dǎo)的從句可位于主句之前,也可以位于主句之后.而wherever本身就是個(gè)連詞,表示"在何處,無論何處〃.Wherevertheseais,youwillfindseaman.I'llgoanywhereyougo.3.條件狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞用法示例if連詞,意為"假設(shè),如果〃.當(dāng)主句是將來時(shí)的時(shí)候,從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).Don'ttalkloudlyatthemeeting.Ifyoudo,youwillhavetoleave.We'llgoforaPiicifitdoesn'trainthisweekend.unless連詞,意為"除非〔=ifnot〕.當(dāng)主句是將來時(shí)的時(shí)候,從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).Don'tdiscusstheproblemswithyourpartnerunlessyouareaskedtodoso.Iwon'tgothereunlessyouewithme.4.原因狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞用法示例as意為"因?yàn)椤?引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句時(shí)表示附帶.說明"雙方的原因〃，語氣比since弱,較為正式,位置較為靈活〔常放于主句之前〕.Astheweatheriscold,Istayathome.Asitisraining,you'dbettertakeataxi.ASyouaretired,you'dbetterrest.since意為"因?yàn)椤?引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句一般放于主句之前表示的、顯然的理由〔通常被翻譯成"既然〃〕，較為正式,語氣比because弱.Sincetheearthlookslikeaball,thesuncanshineononlyhalfofitatatime.SincetheraceisinApril,Ihadtorunthroughoutthewinter,andinBoston,wintersarecold.Sinceeverybodyishere.Let'sbeginourmeeting.because意為"因?yàn)椤?引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句一般放于主句之后,表述直接原因,語氣較強(qiáng),最適合why引導(dǎo)的疑問句.Because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句有時(shí)可以與becauseof短語互換.Thewomanpreferswinterbecauseshecanskate.I'dliketocollectstampsbecausetheyareinteresting.I'mverytiredthesedaysbecauseofstudyingphysics.Hecan'tebecauseheisill.=Hecan'tebecauseofhisillness.for意為"因?yàn)椤?引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句并不說明主句行為發(fā)生的直接原因,只提供一些輔助性的補(bǔ)充說明,for引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句只能放于主句之后，并且必須用逗號將其與主句隔開.Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.Hecouldnothaveseenme,forIwasnotthere.5.目的狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞用法示例Sothat意為"以至,以便〃.目的狀語的謂語常含有may,might,can,could,should,would等情態(tài)動詞.Trytospeakloudenoughsothatpeoplecanhearyouclearly.Mr.Greenspeaksveryloudlysothatallthepeoplecanhearhimclearly.inorderthat意為”為了〃，相當(dāng)于sothat.inorderto后面可以跟動詞原形構(gòu)成目的狀語,不是目的狀語從句.Weshallletyouknowthedetailssooninorderthatyoucan/maymakeaarrangements.6.結(jié)果狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞用法示例So…that意為"如此???以至于...〃.so+adj./adv.原級+that,so是副詞,只能修飾形容詞和副詞.so還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many,few,much,little<這四個(gè)形容詞表示多或少時(shí)?連用,形成固定搭配.so+many或few+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that;so+much或little+不可數(shù)名詞+that.ThisyearithasrainedsoheavilyinSouthChinathatlotsofproblemsarecaused.Theiceonthelakewassothinthatpeoplecouldn'tskateonit.Toooften,wespendsomuchtimethinkingaboutthefuturethatwefailtoenjoythepresent.TherearesofewnotebooksthatIcan'tgiveyouany.such..that意為"如此…以至于…〃.有三種結(jié)構(gòu)：5口由+2<2口>+24上+單數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞+that;such<+adj.>+不可數(shù)名詞+that;such<+adj.>+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that,such是形容詞,修飾名詞或名詞詞組.有時(shí)可與so...that句型轉(zhuǎn)換.It'ssuchawonderfulsongthatwealllikeit.Simonissuchdishonestpersonthatnoonebelieveshim.Theboyissoyoungthathecan'tgotoschool.=Heissuchayoungboythathecan'tgotoschool.7.讓步狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞用法示例though意為"雖然〃.不能和but連用.但是可以同yet<still>連用，構(gòu)成though...yet<still>.though較普遍,常用于非正式的口語和書面語中.even能和though組合表示強(qiáng)調(diào),在這里eventhough=evenif<nomatterif;though即口使...也…>.though可以獨(dú)立用作副詞,常放在句末,意為allthesame<還是；仍然>或however?可是；然而?.Soithasliveduptonowthoughitisn'tstrongatall.Thoughtheyaretwinbrothers,theydon'tlooklikeeachother.Evenif/Eventhoughwecouldaffordit,wewouldaffordit,wewouldn'tgoabroadforourvacation.although意為"雖然〃.不能和but連用.但是可以同yet<still>連用，構(gòu)成although…yet<still>.although較為正式,語氣比though重,常用以強(qiáng)調(diào)讓步概念.even不能和although組合.Althoughhediedseveralyearsago,IcanstillrememberthedaysWespenttogetherandWhathehastaughtmeaboutlove.Althoughwehadlittlefoodwithus,wedecidedtospendthenightinthecar.8.比擬狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞用法示例as...as…意為"和…一樣〃.表示同級的比擬.使用時(shí)要注意第一個(gè)as為副詞,第二個(gè)as為連詞.其根本結(jié)構(gòu)為：as+adj./adv.原級+as.假設(shè)有修飾成分,如twice,threetimes,half,aquarter等,如此須置于第一個(gè)as之前.Sheisverygoodatpainting.Shecanpaintaswellashereteacher.Iranoutasquicklyaspossible.notas/so...as意為"和?.?不一樣,不如〃.也表示同級比擬.Sheisnotso<as>outgoingashersister.Thisdictionaryisnotas/sousefulasyouthink.9.方式狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞用法示例as/<just>as...so■■■意為"猶如,就像〃.引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句通常位于主句后，但在<just>as...so...結(jié)構(gòu)中位于句首,這時(shí)as從句帶有比喻的含義,意為"正如…,就像〃，多用于正式文體.WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.Aswateristofish,soairistoman.asif/asthough意為"就像,好似〃.兩者的意義和用法一樣,引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣,表示與事實(shí)相反,有時(shí)也用述語氣,表示所說情況是事實(shí)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大.常譯作"仿佛…似的,好似…似的〃.Ifwouldneverforgetheresmile,orthewayhereyesshoneasifwewerethesameage.Itlooksasiftheweathermaypickupverysoon.練習(xí)一一.單項(xiàng)填空 he’sold,hecanstillcarrythisheavybag.A.ThoughB.SinceC.ForD.So---Doyouknowifhe toplaybasketballwithus?---Ithinkhewilleifhe freetomorrow.A.es;isB.es;willbeC.wille;isD.wille;willbeInthezooifachild intothewaterandcan’tswim,thedolphinsmayeup him.A.willfall;tohelpB.falls;tohelpC.willfall;helpD.falls;helpingIdon’tremember heworkedinthatcitywhenhewasyoung.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.whoWewillstayathomeifmyaunt tovisitustomorrow.A.esB.eC.willeD.isingThepoliceaskedthechildren crossthestreet thetrafficlightsturnedgreen.A.not;beforeB.don’t;whenC.notto;untilD.not;afterIwaslateforclassyesterday therewassomethingwrongwithmybike.A.whenB.thatC.untilD.becauseI’llgoswimmingwithyouifI freetomorrow.A.willbeB.shallbeC.amD.wasIntheexam,the youare, the mistakesyouwillmake.A.careful;littleB.morecareful;fewestC.morecareful;fewerD.morecareful;lessYoushouldfinishyourlessons yougoouttoplay.A.beforeB.afterC.whenD.whileIhurried Iwouldn’tbelateforclass.A.sinceB.sothatC.asifD.unlessWhenyoureadthebook,you’dbettermakeamark youhaveanyquestions.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.thoughTheteacherraisedhisvoice allthestudentscouldhearhim.A.forB.sothatC.becauseD.inorderHetookoffhiscoat hefelthot.A.becauseB.asC.ifD.sinceItis thatwe’dliketogooutforawalk.A.alovelydayB.toolovelyadayC.solovelyadayD.suchlovelyadayMaryhad muchworktodothatshestayedatherofficeallday.A.suchB.soC.tooD.very Ifeltverytired,Itriedtofinishthework. thedaywenton,theweathergotworse.A.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As wellyoucandrive,youmustdrivecarefully.A.SolongasB.InorderthatC.NomatterhowD.ThemomentWritetomeassoonasyou toBeijing.A.willgetB.getC.gettingD.got二.根據(jù)中文意思完成如下英語句子不管他跟我開什么玩笑,我都不生氣.Iamnotangrywithhim, jokeshe onme.布魯斯太太對學(xué)生非常親切,以至于學(xué)生把她當(dāng)做母親.MrsBrucewas kindtoherstudents they her theirmother.只要我們竭盡全力,父母就會滿意我們的表現(xiàn).Ourparentswillbepleasedwithourperformance wetryourbest.你一到就給我打個(gè)好嗎？Willyoupleasecallme yougettoShanghai.這個(gè)七歲的女孩酷愛鋼琴,以至于他已經(jīng)堅(jiān)持練習(xí)兩年了.Theseven-year-oldgirllikesplayingthepiano shehaskeptpracticingfortwoyears.雖然她很忙,他還堅(jiān)持自學(xué)英語. ,shekeptonlearningEnglishbyherself.他長大后相當(dāng)一名記者.Hewantstobeajournalist .無論刮風(fēng)下雨,我們的教師總是第一個(gè)到校. windyorrainy,ourteacherisalwaysthefirsttogettoschool.如果人人為保護(hù)環(huán)境做出貢獻(xiàn),世界將會變得更美好. toprotectingtheenvironment,theworldwillbeemuchmorebeautiful.明昨天沒來上學(xué),因?yàn)樗×?LiMingdidn’tetoschool .練習(xí)二Themeetingdidn'tstart___everyonewasthere.A.becauseB.untilC.whyD.if.Theboy___tobed___hismothercamein.A.wentnot;untilB.didn'tgo;afterC.went;untilD.didn'tgo;untilIwon'tbelieveyou___Ihaveseenitwithmyowneyes.A.beforeB.untilC.afterD.when.He___home___shewassatisfied___hisansweryesterday.A.didn'tgo;until;withB.wasn'tgo;after;toC.doesn'tgo;before;withD.didn'tgo;until;to.He___backuntilthework___done.A.isn't;willbeB.isn't;isC.won'tbe;willbeD.won'tbe;is.Theydidn'tstartthework___theirteachercameback.A.untilB.whileC.assoonasD.ifTomwillcallmeassoonashe___Shanghai.A.arrivesB.willreachC.arrivesinD.gettoI'msurehe'lletoseemebeforehe___Beijing.A.willleaveB.isleavingC.leaveD.leavesIwilltellhimthenewsassoonashe___back.A.eB.esC.willeD.cameTomhasgotawatch.He___itfortwoyears.It byhisfather.A.hasbought;wasbought B.hasgot;isbought,C.wasbought;hasbought. D.hashad;wasbought"'Whenhegottothestation,thetrain___.A.leftB.hadleftC.leavesD.hasleftTheboytoldhisfatherwhathe___inthestreet.A.sawB.haveseenC.hadseenD.seeWe___TVwhenthetelephone .A.watched;wasringingB.werewatching;rangC.watch;ringsD.arewatching;rangBytheendoflastterm,I___tenbooks.A.hadfinishedreadingB.havefinishreadingC.hadfinishtoreadD.finishreadI___youforalongtime.Where___you___?A.didn'tsee;did;goB.didn'tsee;have;goneC.haven'tseen;have;beenD.haven'tseen;have;goneTom___Chinafor3years.A.hasbeenB.hasbeeninC.hasbeentoD.hasbeenatIwon'tgotoseethefilmtonight,becauseI___myticket.A.lostB.havelostC.willloseD.didn'tlose-Hello!MayIspeaktoBob?-Sorry,buthe___foramonth.A.hadbeenawayB.wasleftC.leftD.hasbeenawayI___himsinceIbegantoliveinthecity.A.knowB.haveknownC.knewD.willknowZhaoLan___already___inthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studyingBettydidn'tgotoseethefilmyesterday___shewasill.A.becauseB.butC.untilD.ifMayIsitnearer___Icanseemoreclearly?A.asifB.sothatC.evenifD.so___youworkhard,youwillcertainlysucceed.A.ThoughB.IfC.BecauseD.For___hecametostudyintheuniversity,hehasmademuchprogressinthestudyofEnglish.A.WhileB.WhenC.SinceD.AfterI'dliketogoswimming thewaterisnottoocold.A.forB.unlessC.ifD.whetherThereare___manyleaguemembersinclass2___inClass4.A.both;andB.'so;thatC.either;orD.as;as-Doyouhaveabiglibrary?-No,wedon't.Atleast,not___yours.A.asbigasB.asbigthanC.asbiggerthanD.biggerasSuzhouisnot beautiful Hangzhou.A.as;thanB.so;asC.even;thanD./;thanIronismoreuseful___anyothermetal.A.asB.thanC.thenD.soIwanttoknow___sheisgoingtoseeafilm.A.ifB.thatC.whatD.whichYouaresuretopasstheexam___youstudyhard.A.ifB.thoughC.thatD.sinceI'llgotoseethefilmwithyou___Ihavetimethisevening.A.whetherB.soC.ifD.when___youstudyharder,you'llneverpassthefinalexam.A.IfB.UntilC.UnlessD.ExceptAlthoughitwasraining,stillworkedinthefields.A.buttheyB