2022年山西省陽泉市張莊中學(xué)高三英語期末試卷含解析

2022年山西省陽泉市張莊中學(xué)高三英語期末試卷含解析一、選擇題1.Hiscarranoveranotherinthehighway!Toohorrible!_____heissafenow—that'sthemainthing． A．Anyway

B．Besides

C．Otherwise

D．Therefore參考答案：A2.I'mpleasedtohearthatyou'vecomehereto_______thismatterinpersonA.leadto

B.seeto

C.referto

D.turuto參考答案：B3.________inafamousuniversityiswhatmoststudentswishfor.A．Toeducate

B．EducatedC．Beingeducated

D．Educating參考答案：C考查動(dòng)名詞作主語。該結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語為后面的moststudents,所以應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，排除A、D兩項(xiàng)；過去分詞不能作主語，排除B項(xiàng)。4.Welaughatjokes，butseldom

abouthowtheywork．A．wethink

B．thinkwe

C．wedothink

D．dowethink參考答案：D5.一MaeWhitman'smotherisavoice-artistandherfatherbuildssetsonstage.――＿＿sheendedupinacting.A.Thereisnodoubt

B.Itisnosurprise

C.Thereisnopoint

D.Itisnouse參考答案：B6.Hewasbusyworkinginthekitchen,____preparationforthecomingparty.

A.in

B.at

C.by

D.as參考答案：A7.Coulditbeintheclassroom_____wehadatalklastnight_____youleftyourkeys?

A.that;where

B.inwhich;where

C.where;that

D.where;inwhich

參考答案：C略8.—Whendoesourschooloftenhaveapicnic?—_______,it'sattheendofOctober.A.Soonerorlater

B.Ingeneral

C.Inotherwords

D.Inall參考答案：B9.---DoyouthinkitwasthesupermoonthatcausedtheearthquakeonMarch11,2011inJapan?

----______.Ithasn’tprovenitselftruebyscientists.

A.Notintheleast

B.Don’tmentionit

C.Youcansaythatagain

D.Iexpectso參考答案：A略10.Youcanchoosenottoforgive.________youcanalsochoosetoletitgo.A.Absolutely B.ConsequentlyC.Subsequently D.Alternatively參考答案：D【詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：你可以選擇不原諒。或者你也可以選擇放下。A.Absolutely絕對地，完全地；B.Consequently因此，結(jié)果，所以；C.Subsequently隨后，其后；D.Alternatively或者，非此即彼?？崭袂昂缶渥右馑际窍喾搓P(guān)系，而ABC表達(dá)的意思都是一致關(guān)系，D表達(dá)的意思是相反關(guān)系。故選D。11.We

becarefulwiththewordswesaywhenweareangry.A.may

B.canC.might

D.should參考答案：D考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：當(dāng)我們生氣的時(shí)候我們應(yīng)該注意我們的話。should表“應(yīng)該”，符合語境，故選D。12.Doyouthinktheideahestuck____correct?A.toproved

B.toprove

C.proved

D.toproving參考答案：A13.—Whatamess!Theguestwillbeheresoon.—_________.Iassureyouthehousewillbespotlessinaminute.A.Takeyourtime

B.Takeiteasy

C.Nevermind

D.Notatall參考答案：B14.There'snobettertimetoraisequestionsthanontheNPCsessions（全國人民代表大會(huì)），______bringtogetherChina'stoppolicy-makers．

A．who

B．that

C．when

D．which參考答案：D15.—WhatdoyouthinkoftheideaofWebTV?

—WebTVisaworldofinteractiveTVprogramming,______anythingwonderfulcanhappen.

A．theworldwhich

B．theworldwhere

C．a(chǎn)worldwhich

D．a(chǎn)worldwhere參考答案：C略16.Itisvitalto________toteenagersthesimplefactthat________theInternetwillmoreorlessdo

harmtobothmentalandphysicalhealth.

A.getacross;beingaddictedto

B.getover;addictedto

C.getthrough;addictingto

D.getdown;addictingthemselvesto參考答案：A二、完型填空17.Whetherit’sfromanawfulbreakuporapainfullifeevent,somememoriescanreturnrepeatedlytoourmindfortheentirelives.But,whatifsciencecan___41___yourbadmemoriessothatyoucanstartalloveragain?Asisknowntoall,memoryisanincrediblycomplex___42___.Whilescientistsusedtobelieveitwaslikeafilingcabinetandparticularmemorieswerestoredindifferentsectionsofthebrain,wenowknowthisis___43___.Infact,eachmemoryisabrainwideprocess.Ifyouenduprememberingsomething,it’sbecausethecellsinyourbrainarebeingfired,___44___newconnectionsandlinksandliterallyrebuildthecircuitryofyourmind.Andthischangeispartially___45___byproteinsinthebrain.Sowhatiftheproteinsaren’tavailable?Simplyput,memoriescan’tbemade.Seriously,scientistshavetestedthisbygivinganimalsdrugsthatpreventtheseproteinsfromforming.___46___,theanimalshavenorecollectionofthethingsthattookplaceshortlyafterthedrugwastaken.Fromthisresearch,scientistsactuallyfoundawaytotargetlong-termmemoriesfor___47___.Yousee,everysingletimeyourememberamemory,yourbrainisonceagainfiringandrewiring.Infact,eachtimeyoureflectonamemory,youarephysicallychangingthatmemoryinyourmind.Andeachtimethememoryischangedalittle,itreflectsyour___48___thoughts.Remembering,toagreatextent,isanactof___49___andimagination,whichmeansthatthemoreyoureflectonoldmemories,thelessaccuratetheywillbecome.Andscientistshaveactuallyquantifiedthischange.After9/11,hundredsofpeoplewereaskedabouttheirmemoriesofthedreadfulday.Ayearlater,37%ofthedetailshadchanged.By2004,nearly50%ofthedetailshadchangedorgone___50___.Andbecausememoriesareformedandrebuilteverytime,ifyouadminister(服藥)theprotein-preventingdrugwhilerecallingamemory,thememorycanbe___51___removed.Totestthis,scientiststooklabratsandplayedsoundforthem,shortlyfollowedbyanelectricshock.___52___doingthisformanytimes,theratsquicklylearnedthatiftheyheardthesound,ashockwassoontofollow.Therefore,theywouldstressupandfreezeeverytimetheyheardit.Monthslater,theseratswouldstill___53___thenoise.However,iftheyadministeredthedrugfirst,theratswouldlosethememoryofthesound,andsimplycontinueon.Theyhadlosttheirmemoryofthatspecificnoise.Tobesurethatthedrugwasn’tjustcausinglarge-scalebraindamage,scientistsrepeatedtheseexperimentswithvarioustonesthistime.Bothsoundswouldwarnforashockand___54___theratswouldfearboth.Butiftheyadministeredthedrugandplayedonlyoneofthesounds,themicewouldonlyforgetthatonetone,whilestillremaining___55___oftheother.Overtimescientistshavediscoveredspecificdrugstotargetparticularproteinsacrossdifferentpartsofthebrain.41.A.refresh

B.forget

C.control

D.erase42.A.range

B.process

C.idea

D.structure43.A.incorrect

B.evident

C.partial

D.complex44.A.eliminating

B.decreasing

C.bringing

D.building45.A.inspired

B.stopped

C.identified

D.perfected46.A.Bycontrast

B.Onthecontrary

C.Asaresult

D.Forexample47.A.evaluation

B.estimation

C.deletion

D.production48.A.terrified

B.critical

C.current

D.former49.A.repetition

B.creation

C.function

D.reproduction50.A.uncontrolled

B.complicated

C.valuable

D.missing51.A.repeatedly

B.effectively

C.hardly

D.consistently52.A.Before

B.Until

C.After

D.While53.A.turnto

B.respondto

C.adaptto

D.returnto54.A.surprisingly

B.especially

C.eventually

D.similarly55.A.suspicious

B.careful

C.painful

D.fearful參考答案：41.D

42.B

43.A

44.D

45.A

46.C

47.C

48.C

49.B

50.D

51.B

52.C

53.B

54.C

55.D【分析】本文為議論文。每個(gè)人都會(huì)有傷心的往事，某些記憶總是忘不掉的。不過如果有可能讓你徹底忘記這一切的方法呢？“記憶橡皮擦”能否成真？通過實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，人的記憶可通過藥物被抹去?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。refresh使恢復(fù)；forget忘記；control控制；erase抹去，清除。根據(jù)下一句“youcanstartalloveragain”可知要從頭開始，就要“抹去（erase）以前的不好的記憶”，故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞辨析。range范圍；process過程，工序，做事方法；idea觀點(diǎn)，點(diǎn)子；structure結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Infact,eachmemoryisabrainwideprocess.”此處是指“眾所周知，記憶是一個(gè)極其復(fù)雜的過程（process）”，可知選B項(xiàng)。【43題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。incorrect不正確的；evident明顯的；partial部分的；complex綜合的，復(fù)雜的。根據(jù)本句中的“while”意為“然而”，表示前后意思相反的，可知，“雖然科學(xué)家過去認(rèn)為它就像一個(gè)文件柜，特定的記憶儲(chǔ)存在大腦的不同區(qū)域，但我們現(xiàn)在知道這是不正確的（incorrect）”。故選A。【44題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。eliminating排除，消除；decreasing下降；bringing帶來；building建立。分析語境可知，此處是指“這是因?yàn)槟愦竽X中的細(xì)胞正在被激發(fā)，建立（build）新的連接和聯(lián)系…?！?，故選D?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。inspired激勵(lì)，激活；stopped停止；identified認(rèn)出，辨別出；perfected使熟練。根據(jù)語境可知，此處是指“這種變化部分是由大腦中的蛋白質(zhì)激活（inspired）的”，故選A。【46題詳解】考查短語辨析。Bycontrast相比之下；Onthecontrary與此相反；Asaresult因此；Forexample例如。此處是指“嚴(yán)格地說，科學(xué)家們通過給動(dòng)物注射藥物抑制這類蛋白質(zhì)的合成來測試這一點(diǎn)。結(jié)果，動(dòng)物們對服藥后不久發(fā)生的事情沒有記憶”。根據(jù)語境可知前后是因果關(guān)系，故選C項(xiàng)。【47題詳解】考查名詞辨析。evaluation估價(jià)；estimation估計(jì)，評價(jià)；deletion刪除；production，生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)品。根據(jù)上述的描述可知。這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)是消除記憶的實(shí)驗(yàn)，因此此處是指“從這項(xiàng)研究中，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種刪除（deletion）長期記憶的方式?！惫蔬xC。【48題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。terrified極度驚慌的；critical批評的；current現(xiàn)在的，流行的；former以前的，前任的。根據(jù)上一句“Infact,eachtimeyoureflectonamemory,youarephysicallychangingthatmemoryinyourmind.”可知，“你每次回憶起某件事時(shí)，都在改變著大腦內(nèi)的記憶。這段記憶每次也會(huì)因你當(dāng)前想法而產(chǎn)生細(xì)微變化法”，可知選C?！?9題詳解】考查名詞辨析的。repetition重復(fù)；creation創(chuàng)造；function功能；reproduction系列，再生產(chǎn)。根據(jù)上文說“回憶一次，記憶就會(huì)改變一點(diǎn)，形成當(dāng)前的觀點(diǎn)”，可知“這是一種創(chuàng)造（creation）”。故選B?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。uncontrolled不受控制的；complicated復(fù)雜的；valuable有價(jià)值的；missing失去的，下落不明的。根據(jù)上下文“一年后，37%的細(xì)節(jié)發(fā)生了變化。“由于記憶每次都會(huì)被重塑，如果你在回憶時(shí)吃下抵制蛋白質(zhì)的藥物，這段記憶就能被消除”，可知，到2004年，近50%的細(xì)節(jié)已經(jīng)改變或丟失（missing），故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查副詞辨析的。repeatedly重復(fù)地；effectively有效地；hardly幾乎不；consistently一慣地。根據(jù)語境可知，如果你在回憶時(shí)吃下抵制蛋白質(zhì)的藥物，記憶就可以被有效地（effectively）去除。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查連詞辨析。Before在…以前；Until一直到；After在…之后；While當(dāng)…時(shí)候，然而。根據(jù)語境可知，此處是指“做了很多次之后（After），老鼠很快就知道，聽到聲音，很快就會(huì)受到電擊”。由此可知C項(xiàng)符合題意，故選C。【53題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。turnto轉(zhuǎn)向，求助；respondto對…作出反應(yīng)；adaptto適應(yīng)；returnto返回到。根據(jù)語境可知，此處是指“老鼠每次聽到這聲音都會(huì)緊張麻木，幾個(gè)月后，這些老鼠仍然對噪音有反應(yīng)（respondto）”。故選B。【54題詳解】考查副詞辨析的。surprisingly驚人地，出人意外地；especially尤其；eventually最終；similarly相似地。根據(jù)語境可知，此處是指“最終(eventually)老鼠會(huì)同時(shí)害怕這兩種聲音”。故選C。【55題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。suspicious可疑的，多疑的；careful仔細(xì)的，小心的；painful痛苦的；fearful害怕的，擔(dān)心的。根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)的過程和語境可知，“如果在給老鼠藥后播放一種聲音，老鼠就會(huì)忘記這種聲音但仍然會(huì)害怕（fearful）另一種”，故選D?！军c(diǎn)睛】做完形填空題，考生必須進(jìn)行通篇考慮，掌握大意，綜合所學(xué)詞法、句法和常識(shí)進(jìn)行分析判斷1.側(cè)重基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，考查學(xué)生語言知識(shí)的能力。完型填空以文入手，結(jié)合文章的內(nèi)容考查學(xué)生的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，主要是詞語搭配、固定句型、近義詞辨析、辨析句子結(jié)構(gòu)、掌握語法規(guī)則的能力，其中考查實(shí)詞居多。2.上下文對照，考查學(xué)生捕捉關(guān)鍵詞的能力。解完型填空題時(shí)，單獨(dú)看一句話是找不到正確答案的，需要注意句子間的關(guān)系及句子與段落的關(guān)系。所謂上下對照，即在上文和下文中找到與正確答案相同的關(guān)鍵詞。因此，在做題時(shí)要邊讀邊在大腦中儲(chǔ)存上下文信息的能力，捕捉關(guān)鍵詞。如第1小題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。refresh使恢復(fù)；forget忘記；control控制；erase抹去，清除。根據(jù)下一句“youcanstartalloveragain”可知要從頭開始，就要“抹去（erase）以前的不好的記憶”，故選D項(xiàng)考查動(dòng)詞辨析。3.設(shè)置語境，考查學(xué)生的分析推理能力。如第6小題考查語境及短語辨析。Bycontrast相比之下；Onthecontrary與此相反；Asaresult因此；Forexample例如。此處是指“嚴(yán)格地說，科學(xué)家們通過給動(dòng)物注射藥物抑制這類蛋白質(zhì)的合成來測試這一點(diǎn)。結(jié)果，動(dòng)物們對服藥后不久發(fā)生的事情沒有記憶”。根據(jù)語境可知前后是因果關(guān)系。故選C。4.同義復(fù)現(xiàn)法同義復(fù)現(xiàn)是英語中常見的一種現(xiàn)象。第2小題考查名詞辨析。range范圍；process過程，工序，做事方法；idea觀點(diǎn)，點(diǎn)子；structure結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Infact,eachmemoryisabrainwideprocess.”此處是指“眾所周知，記憶是一個(gè)極其復(fù)雜的過程（process）”，可知選B項(xiàng)。最后要認(rèn)真審讀，仔細(xì)驗(yàn)證。三、閱讀理解18.閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Theymaybejustpassingyouroffice,computerbagslung(懸掛)overoneshoulder.Ortheymaybesittinginacaroutsideit,causallytappingawayatalaptop.Theylooklikeinnocentpassers-by.Infact,theyarestealingyourcorporatesecrets.Drive-byhackingisthetrendytermgiventothepracticeofbreakingintowirelesscomputernetworksfromoutsidethebuildingsthathousethem.ArecentstudyintheUK,sponsoredbyRSADataSecurity,foundthattwo-thirdsoforganizationswithwirelessnetworkswereriskingtheirdatainthisway.Securityexpertspatrolled(巡邏)severalstreetsintheCityofLondonseekingevidenceofwirelessnetworksinoperation.Of124thattheyidentified,83weresendingdatawithoutencrypting（加密）them.Suchdatacouldreadilybepickedupbyapasser-byarmedonlywithaportablecomputer,awirelessmodemandafewpiecesofsoftwarethatcanbefreelydown-loadedfromtheInternet.Thedatacouldincludesensitivecompanydocumentscontainingvaluableinformation.Ortheycouldbee-mailidentitiesandpasswordsthatcouldbeusedbyhackerstologintocorporatenetworksasiftheywerelegalusers.Mostcompaniesusingwirelessnetworkingtechnologydonottakeeventhesimplestofprecautionstoprotecttheirdata.Nearlyallwirelessnetworktechnologycomeswithsomebasicsecurityfeaturesthatneedonlytobeactivatedinordertogiveaminimumlevelofsecurity,forexample,byencryptingthedatabeingpassedoverthenetwork.RaymonKruck,businessdevelopmentmanageratCheckPointSoftware,asecuritytechnologyspecialist,believesthiscouldbepartlyapsychologicalproblem.Peopleseethesolidwallsoftheirbuildingassafeguardsandforgetthatwirelessnetworkscanextendupto200metersbeyondphysicalwalls.Companieswithoutanysecurityatallontheirwirelessnetworksmakeitridiculouslyeasyforhackerstobreakin.Switchingonthesecuritythatcomeswiththenetworktechnologyshouldbeautomatic.Thenthereareotherbasicstepsacompanycantake,saysMr.Kruck,suchaschangingthepasswordsonthenetworkfromthedefault(默認(rèn))setting.Companiescanalsoinstallfirewalls,whichformabarrierbetweentheinternalnetworkandthepublicInternet.Theyshouldalsochecktheircomputerrecordsregularlytospotanyabnormalactivity,whichmightbetraythepresenceofahacker.41.

AccordingtothestudysponsoredbyRSADataSecurity,twothirdsofthesubjects_______.A.

hadtheircorporatedatastolenB.

dependedonwirelesscomputernetworksC.

wereexposedtodrive-byhackingD.

wereunawareoftheriskofwirelesshacking42.Whichofthefollowingisnotconsideredinthestudy?A.

Thenumberofwirelesshackingincidents.B.

Thenumberofwirelesscomputernetworks.C.

Thewayinwhichdataaresentandreceived.D.

Thewayinwhichdataarehackedandstolen.43.Mostwirelessnetworktechnologycomprises_________.A.

dataencryptionprograms

B.passwordsecurityprogramsC.

illegal-userdetection

D.virus-intrusiondetection44.RaymondKruckmostprobablyagreesthatwirelessnetworksecurityinvolves________.A.wirelesssignaladministration

B.

changesinuser’sawarenessC.

users’psychologicalhealth

D.

strongerphysicalwalls45.Withoutfirewalls,companiesusingwirelessnetworks__________.A.

cannotoperatenormally

B.

shouldturntopasswordsC.

willbeeasilyattackedbyhackers

D.

canstillspottheactivitiesofhackers參考答案：41-45:CAABD19.Ithasbeendiscoveredthataftertheageofsixteen,thenumberofourbraincellsbeginstodecreaseataspeedofseveralmillionayear.Theysimplydieoff.Incertaintypesofactivity,thehumanbrainisatitshighestpointintheearlytwenties,whenithascollectedenoughinformationtobeabletousethevastnumberofcellsfreelyinthemosteffectiveway.Puremathematicsisoneofthefieldsinwhichthishappens,andweknowthatAlbertEinsteinmadeallhisworld-shakingdiscoveriesbetweentheageofabout20and25,andspenttherestofhislifetidyingthemupandarrangingthem.Butincertainothertypesofactivity(ofwhichbeinganauthorisperhapsone),experienceismoreimportantthansharpnessofbrain,andthereoneusuallyfindsthatapersonreacheshisorherpeakmuchlaterinlife.Besidessharpnessofbrainandexperience,hereisanotherthingthatisveryimportant,andthatiswisdom.Onecanhaveaveryquick,inventivebrainandplentyofexperience,butifoneusesthesefoolishly,oneharmsbothoneselfandothers.Wisdomdoesnotalwayscomewithage——thereareplentyoffoolishmiddle-agedpeopleabout——buttheaveragepersontendstolearnwisdomashegetsolder,usuallybymakingpainfulofembarrassingmistakes.Leaningtobewiseisbasicallylearningwhatisnotpossible；andwhatispossiblebutsodifficultthatitisnotworthallthetroubleonehastogothroughtogetthere.Mostly,itislearningabouthumannature；howrealpeoplebehaveandreact,asagainsthowonewouldlikethemtobehaveandreact.Onecanreadandhearlotofidealisticstuffabouthowtomaketheworldabetterplace,whichwouldbefoundifitwasbasedonanaccurateobservationofhumannature,butwhichisbasicallyawasteoftimebecauseitisnot.12.Accordingtothewriter,thegreatdiscoveriesmadebyAlbertEinsteinweremainlyaresultin

.A.yearsofhardwork B.sharpnessofthebrainC.richexperience D.hisdeepunderstandingofthenature13.Somepeopleachievesuccessmuchlaterinlifebecause.A.theirworkoftenrequiresmuchexperienceB.theydonothaveachancetoshowtheirtalentsC.theyhavetolearnlessonsfromfailuresD.theyfailtorealizeearliertheimportanceofhardwork14.Theimportanceofwisdomliesinthefactthat.A.ithelpstoavoidvariousmistakesB.itcontributestoone'screativityC.itencouragesonetogoforwardinfaceofdifficultyD.itprovidestherightdirectionofefforts15.Thewritercametobelievethat.A.itisalwaysawasteoftimetomakeplansaboutthefutureB.itishumannaturetomakeattemptsonwhatlooksimpossibleC.oneshouldalwayschallengetheimpossibletopushthesocietyforwardD.onehastousewisdomindecidingwhatisthebestthingtodo參考答案：12.B

13.A

14.D

15.D本文為說明文。本篇文章主要說明了人類的大腦在20歲左右于巔峰，在以后的成就多數(shù)是因?yàn)樾枰S富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。除了頭腦敏銳和經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富外，智慧也非常重要，因?yàn)橹腔蹫槿藗兲峁┝苏_的努力方向。人們要用智慧來決定做什么才是最好的?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Ithasbeendiscoveredthataftertheageofsixteen,thenumberofourbraincellsbeginstodecreaseataspeedofseveralmillionayear.Theysimplydieoff.Incertaintypesofactivity,thehumanbrainisatitshighestpointintheearlytwenties,...andweknowthatAlbertEinsteinmadeallhisworld-shakingdiscoveriesbetweentheageofabout20and25,andspenttherestofhislifetidyingthemupandarrangingthem.”人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，16歲以后，我們的腦細(xì)胞數(shù)量開始以每年幾百萬的速度減少。在某些類型的活