句子成分導(dǎo)學(xué)案初升高英語銜接課程

句子成分Part1:Introductionofmembersofsentence句子成分：組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫作句子成分。英語的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分為：主語，謂語，賓語，表語，定語，狀語，賓語補(bǔ)語。主語subject是一個(gè)句子所描述的主體，可以是人、物、事情;一般位于于句首;常用名詞、代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句充當(dāng)擔(dān)任。①Studentsstudy.②Theyaregoodfriends.③Threeisenough.④Toseeistobelieve.⑤Fishingisallowed.⑥Whatheneedsisabook.⑦Therichshouldhelpthepoor.思考：哪些詞可以充當(dāng)句子主語？_______________________________________________________________謂語predicate一般位于主語的后面；是用來說明主語做了一個(gè)什么動(dòng)作，或者說明主語的行為或狀態(tài)；常由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成，可分為簡(jiǎn)單謂語和復(fù)合謂語。①WeloveChina.②Shedanceswell.③Theplanetookoffat10o’clock.Mysisteriscryingoverthere.Youmuststayathome.③Hehascaughtabadcold.④Shelooksbeautiful.思考：哪些詞可以充當(dāng)句子謂語？_______________________________________________________________賓語object表示謂語動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，是謂語動(dòng)作的承受者。一般位于動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語之后。介詞后也會(huì)跟賓語。①IlikeMusic.②Heoftenhelpsme.③Givemefourplease.④Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.⑤Hewantstodreamanicedream.⑥Ithinkyouareright.⑦Iaminterestedinmusic.思考：哪些詞可以充當(dāng)句子賓語？_______________________________________________________________定語attributive“定”就是限定，對(duì)句子里的名詞或代詞起到修飾和限定的作用?！?.....的”;分為前置定語和后置定語。①amathsproblem②Herdressiswet.③anaughtyboy④Ihave5books.⑤ThisisherfirsttriptoBeijing.⑥Itisaswimmingpool.⑦Ihavenothingtoeat.⑧Thegirlwithlonghairismysister.⑨Heistheboywhodancesbest.思考：哪些詞可以充當(dāng)句子定語？_______________________________________________________________狀語adverbial用來修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞或副詞或全句。按其用途可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、結(jié)果、方式、目的、條件、讓步、方向、伴隨、程度等。①Howaboutmeetingagainatsix.②Tomsonlivesonthethirdfloor.③Iarrivedlatebecauseofthetrafficjam.④Hediditcarefully.⑤We'llsendacartofetchyou.⑥Ifhegoes,sowillI.⑦Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot.⑧Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.⑨Hewassotiredthathefellasleep.⑩Iamtallerthanheis.思考：哪些詞可以充當(dāng)句子狀語？_______________________________________________________________六、補(bǔ)足語plement有些及物動(dòng)詞，除了要有賓語之外，還要加上賓語補(bǔ)足語，才能使句子

的意義完整。它起補(bǔ)充說明賓語干什么，怎么樣的作用．①Wemadeherourmonitor.②Theresultmademeangry.③Letthefreshairin.④Wefoundeverythingingoodorderthere.⑤Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.⑥Wesawherenteringtheroom.⑦Theyfoundthehousebroken.思考：哪些詞可以充當(dāng)句子補(bǔ)足語？_______________________________________________________________表語predicative“表明、表示”;用來說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)、心情、年齡與身份等。位于系動(dòng)詞be、bee、get、grow、look、taste、seem...之后。①M(fèi)yfatherisaprofessor.②Isityours?③Theweatherhasturnedcold.④Timeisup.Theclassisover.⑤Threetimessevenistwentyone.⑥Themeetingisofgreatimportance.⑦HisjobistoteachEnglish.⑧Hishobbyisplayingfootball.⑨Thestoryismoving.⑩Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.思考：哪些詞可以充當(dāng)句子表語？_______________________________________________________________八、同位語appositive“同等地位”;是對(duì)句子中的主語、賓語、表語等成分作進(jìn)一步解釋說明的句子成分。①Thisismynewfriend,YaoYao.②Weeachhaveamobilephonenow.③Theytwowantedtogowithus,too.④Thenewsthathediedshockedus.思考：哪些詞可以充當(dāng)句子同位語？_______________________________________________________________Part2:Exercises一、補(bǔ)全表格.句子成分意義、特征充當(dāng)詞類例句主語謂語賓語表語定語狀語補(bǔ)足語同位語指出下列句子中劃線部分的成分。1．WeallstudyhardatEnglish.2．Bettylikeshernewbikeverymuch.3．Mybrotherisapoliceman.4．Wereyouathomelastnight?5．Winteristhecoldestseasonoftheyear.6．Heoftenwalksinthepark.7．Maryaskedmetohelpheryesterday.8．Heboughtmeanicepresentlastweek.9．Hisparentsaredoctors.10．I’llgetyousometeanow.11．Mymot