TEM4(完形填空講座)

TEM4ClozeClozeSyllabusandCopingTacticsExercises大綱要求1、

測試要求：（a）能在全面理解所給短文內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，選擇一個最佳答案使短文意思和結(jié)構(gòu)恢復(fù)完整。（b）考試時間15分鐘。2、

測試形式：本部分采用多項選擇題。在一篇約250個單詞、題材熟悉、難度中等的短文中留出20個空白。每個空白為一題，每題有四個選項。填空的詞涉及語法和詞匯。3、

測試目的：測試學(xué)生的綜合語言知識和技能。解題技巧完形填空的每一個空格都不是孤立的,它是整個篇章的一部分,與上下文有著明顯或微妙的關(guān)系,因此在選擇時就要考慮到選項與上下文的聯(lián)系.通常這種聯(lián)系或關(guān)系為考生做出正確選擇提供了各種線索,比如語義邏輯,語法框架,詞匯搭配及詞義的應(yīng)用和概念,還有些是非語言形性的一些知識等,下面就幾種微觀處理選項的技巧簡要介紹.一語義線索在完形填空中,某些項的選擇可以根據(jù)”語義”來決定,即已有的詞或句子的語義決定著必須選擇某個選項,否則整個文章的語義邏輯就不通,內(nèi)容就與作者的原意不一致.因此考生在做選擇時,不要忽略語義這條重要的線索.例如:

Althoughinteriordesignhasexistedsincethebeginningofarchitecture,itsdevelopmentintoaspecializedfieldisreallyquiterecent.Interiordesignershavebecomeimportantpartlybecauseofthemanyfunctionsthatmightbe(1)____inasinglelargebuilding.A.consistedB.containedC.composedD.comprised根據(jù)語義線索(內(nèi)部裝飾變得重要的部分原因是因為一座大樓包含許多用途),可知空格處需要一個表示”包含(括)”意義的動詞.在四個選項中consisted“由…構(gòu)成”,多用于主動且與of連用;compose“組成”多以becomposedof這一固定詞組出現(xiàn);comprise“包含”一般不用于被動語態(tài).contain在用法上和語義上符合題意,故為答案.二語法線索語法線索是指所應(yīng)填入的詞與上下文可能發(fā)生的語法方面的聯(lián)系.利用這種聯(lián)系可推斷出正確的選項.例如:Citiescontainthevery(1)____aspectofasociety:opportunitiesforeducation,employment,andentertainment.Theyalsocontaintheveryworstpartsofsociety:A.wellB.goodC.betterD.best根據(jù)第二句中的語法線索theveryworst,我們就可以肯定此空也要用形容詞最高級,又因為這兩句是對比句,所以只能選D.三詞匯線索有些完形填空要填入的詞與上下文其他詞有各種聯(lián)系,文中的詞往往在詞義上或搭配上決定了所應(yīng)填入的詞.這些詞就構(gòu)成了選擇答案時的詞匯線索.例如Someofthedifficultiestheyexperiencedwhentheyweretryingto(1)_____themselvestothenewmediumweretechnical.A.turnB.adaptC.alterD.modify根據(jù)詞匯搭配及語義線索,正確選項為B.因為adaptoneselfto是固定搭配,意為”適應(yīng),習慣于”,這符合題意.其他三項均有”改變”之意,且不能和oneself搭配.四概念線索在完形填空題的上下文中,有時會出現(xiàn)一些詞與空格內(nèi)需要填的詞同指一人或一事物,甚至可以在上下文中找到應(yīng)填的同一個詞.這就是所說的概念線索.五語篇線索有時完形填空的各個選項同為表示一定邏輯關(guān)系或承接關(guān)系的詞或詞組.選項同為單詞時首先看四個選項是否詞性相同.倘若連詞,副詞混雜,先分析原句成分是否完整,可參考標點符號或其他連詞的存在.確定所需的詞性后,再判斷邏輯題在原文中所涉及的范圍.有時只是幾個詞之間的關(guān)系.常出現(xiàn)在完形填空部分的邏輯關(guān)系表示方式有連詞,副詞,語氣詞及插入語,詞組(介詞詞組):1.因果(注意因與果在句中的相對位置):連詞:for/since/as/because/forthereasonthat介詞:becauseof,dueto,owingto,thanksto,asaresultof,butfor,inconsequenceof副詞:therefore,hence,forthatreason其他:naturally,nodoubt,nowonder,it’snosurprise…2.并列,順承或遞進:and,what’smore,moreover,fortunately,asexpected3.比較/對比:similarly,likewise,while,whereas,onthecontrary,incontrastwith/tosth,bycontrast,otherwise4.解釋:inotherwords,thatistosay,thatis,tobeexact,toputitmildly5.例證,列舉:forinstance,takesth.forexample,considerthecaseofsb.,tomentionjustafew,suchas,namely6.時間次序:tobeginwith,tostartwith,attheverybeginning,eventually,inthelongrun,attheend,atthesametime,meanwhile,simultaneously,序數(shù)詞7.總結(jié)/收尾:tosumup,inbrief,inshort,inaword,inconclusion,allinall8.轉(zhuǎn)折,讓步:however,nevertheless,nonetheless,but,yet,surprisingly,though,although,despite,inspiteof,despite,anyway,though(adv)(注:表轉(zhuǎn)折和讓步的詞是各類考試所考頻率最高的連接詞)六超語言線索在完形填空試題中,有時不是利用以上幾種線索便可以決定選項,這時往往需要根據(jù)對試題內(nèi)容的有關(guān)背景知識的了解來決定填入的選項.CopingTactics（通、做、核）1、通讀理解全文：首先要對全文進行通讀，（盡量不看選項）力求理解文章內(nèi)容，同時注意上下文的聯(lián)系，把握全文的脈絡(luò)。目標：了解短文體裁（描寫、敘事、說明或議論），全文主旨（描寫的主體及作者褒貶態(tài)度、敘事文的情節(jié)大意、說明文的闡述主題及方法、議論文的論點、論據(jù)和對立觀點）。2、讀短文，邊讀邊做題1）注意前后聯(lián)系：考題中的多處空格破壞了句子，文章信息的完整性，但考題的設(shè)計者充分考慮了空格出現(xiàn)的語境，連接代詞、副詞以及一些特定的短語使段落、句子、分句、句子不同部分構(gòu)成了緊密的遞進、因果、并列、條件等內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系。要學(xué)會根據(jù)語境理順前后關(guān)系，選擇出正確的答題。2）注意搭配關(guān)系：英語中的搭配管子主要體現(xiàn)在名詞與動詞、形容詞、介詞搭配；動詞與名詞、副詞、介詞搭配；形容詞與名詞、介詞搭配。3）運用語法知識：利用語法結(jié)構(gòu)、人稱、性、數(shù)、語態(tài)和時態(tài)等知識解決問題。4）重點掌握動詞：對動詞的考核除了各種時態(tài)、語態(tài)、動名詞、分詞、不定式、單數(shù)第三人稱之外，還要注意掌握動詞的及物性和不及物性，注意相近詞辨析，注意動詞和副詞、介詞、名詞的搭配關(guān)系，動詞對所跟動詞、句子形式上的要求等。5）注意難詞的處理：出現(xiàn)生詞再所難免，有的根本不會對文章產(chǎn)生影響，如果是關(guān)鍵詞，可根據(jù)語境、上下文或構(gòu)詞法等進行推測。3、仔細檢查把關(guān)。常見題型1、近義詞（25%）2、近形詞（10%）3、非近義同類詞（20%）4、語篇分析題（15%）5、介詞題（5%）6、搭配題（20%）7、修辭題（5%）詳見《最新英語專業(yè)四級考試指南》P.77-82BACKPARTIIICLOZE[15MIN.]Decidewhichofthechoicesgivenbelowwouldbestcompletethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblanks.Markthebestchoiceforeachblankonyouranswersheet.ExercisesIntheMiddle(1)______.Peopleateanddrankatinnscalledauberges,whichwerebeginningtobebuilt(2)______theroads,atpublichousescalledtaverns,andatcabaretsinthetowns.Atfirst,tavernswereallowedtoservenothing(3)_____drinks.Latertheywereallowedto(4)_____foodssuchasappetizer(whichtheyboughtfromdelicatessensoutside,likeacharcuterieorrotisserie),buttheywere(5)_____toemploychefsinordertoserveprepareddishes.Undertheinfluenceofcabarets,(6)_____,whichwereallowedtoservemeals,taverns,too,graduallycametoserve(7)_____meals,andthedifferencesbetweenthem(8)______.1.A.TimesB.AgesC.PeriodsD.Era2.A.onB.alongC.inD.at3.A.butB.onlyC.justD.besides4.A.serveB.serviceC.provideD.offer5.A.allowedB.forbidC.deniedD.forbidden6.AaswellasB.butC.howeverD.furthermore7.A.considerateB.substantialC.concreteD.staple8.A.appearedB.camebyCdisappearedD.zoomedinBBAADCBCPassage1InthemiddleoftheeighteenthcenturyaParisiantavernkeepernamedBoulangerdecidedtoselladishofsheep’sfeet,(9)_____trotters,inawhitesauceinhiseating-house.Theadvertisementforthedish(10)_____”“Walkup,everybodywhohasaweakstomach.I’ll(11)_____you”.TheFrenchwordfor“restore”isrestaurer.Thisnourishingdishgraduallybecameassociated(12)_____,thewordrestorante,meaning“restorativefood”,andeventuallytheplacewhereitwaseatencametobecalleda(13)_____.9.A.andB.butC.orD.yet10.A.readsB.isread

C.wasreadD.read11.A.helpB.needC.restoreD.keep12.A.inB.ofC.withD.for13.A.restaurantB.storeC.restoreD.tavernCDCCA(14)_____,therestaurantasweknowwasborninthelateeighteenthcentury.ThefirstonewastheGrandeTaverndeLondres,openedbyAntonie

Beauvilliers.It(15)_____alltheconditionsforafirst-classrestaurantas(16)_____byBrillat-Savarin.Thatis,itprovidedeveryluxury(17)_____--choicewines,attractivedinnerware,tidywaiters,and(18)_____,smoothservice.(19)_____thesefinerestaurantevolvedandprospered,servicehasdevelopedtoafine(20)_____.14.A.ThereforeB.Thereof

C.TherebyD.However15.A.completedB.fulfilled

C.finishedD.carriedout16.A.definedB.confinedC.refinedD.profiled17.A.imaginedB.imaginable

C.imaginativeD.imaging18.A.faultedB.faultful

C.faultilyD.faultless19.A.ForB.WithC.AsD.Since20.A.artB.workC.partD.learningDBABDCANootherpeopleintheworldhavemoreinfluenceonus(1)_____ourparents.Whetherwelikeitornot,whetheryouareaparentyourselftodayornot,thetruthisthatthereareno(2)_____parents.Parentsdo(3)_____bestthattheycanwithwhatthey’vegot.Aschildrenwelook(4)_____ourparentsforapproval,fordirection,forlove,foraffection,andforsecurity.(5)_____ourfamilieswererichorpoor,smallorlarge,functionalordysfunctional,ourparentstriedtoshowushowweshouldliveourlives.As(6)_____,wehavetheopportunitytoquestionsomeofthebeliefs(7)_____onusandresolveanyleftoverangerandhurt.1.A.butB.thanC.onlyD.just2.A.goodB.perfect

C.badD.evil3.A.theirB.hisC.aD.the4.A.inB.forC.toD.at5.A.WhetherB.However

C.EitherD.Weather6.A.grown-upB.mature

C.professionalsD.adults7.A.impactedB.imparted

C.exposedD.unfoldedPassage2BBDCADB

Itisuptousto(8)_____ourselvesofthisexcessbaggageifwearetoenjoythejourneyoflifetoits(9)_____.Therearenouniversitiesthatofferdegreesin(10)_____.Youlearnitintheschooloflife.Ifwetreatourchildrenwithlove,kindness,andunderstanding,(11)_____themtoexploreandnourishtheircuriosity,weprovidethem(12)_____unlimitedpotentialgrowthandenrichment.8.A.wipeB.freeC.ridD.clear9.A.fullestB.highest

C.widestD.deepest10.A.parentsB.tobeparentsC.parentingD.beingparenting11.A.allowB.allowing

C.toallowD.andallowing12.A.inB.withC.withoutD.offCACBB

(13)_____totermswithourparentsisessentialtocomingtotermswithourselves,withourinner(14)_____thatinstillstheconfidenceandpeaceofmindtowakeupeachdayandfacetheworldwithjoyandpurpose.Youareprobablymore(15)_____ofyourselfthanyourparentseverwerewhenyouthinkaboutit.Maybeyourparentssaid(16)_____thingsnowandthen.Doyoufindyourselfthinkingthatyouarelessthan(17)____,thatyouareafailureandwillnever(18)_____somethingofyourselfandhavethelifeyousodesire?13.A.WhencomingB.Coming

C.ComesD.Itcomes14.A.soundB.mustC.lifeD.voice15.A.criticalB.crucial

C.criticizedD.critic16.A.harmfulB.wounded

C.hurtfulD.injured17.A.ableB.adequateC.effectiveD.competent18.A.makeB.showC.doD.letBDACDALet(19)_____ofbeingsocrueltoyourself.Letgooftheparentalvoicewithinandlistentothepositive,confidentpartofyou.“Invitethelovingyoutocomeout,to(20)_____tothebeautyadpotentialthatawaityou.”19.A.comeB.goC.runD.be20.AsurrenderB.surround

C.giveD.comeBAAparadoxisanapparent(1)________thatisneverthelesssomehowtrue.Itmaybe(2)_______asituationorastatement.Aesop’staleofthetraveler(3)________aparadoxicalsituation.Asa(4)________ofspeech,paradoxisastatement.WhenAlexanderPopewrotethataliterarycriticofhistimewould“damnwithfaintpraise”,hewasusinga(5)_______paradox,forhowcanamanbedamnedbypraising?1.A.conflictB.contradiction

C.similarityD.difference2.A.eitherB.neither

C.whetherD.not3.A.statesB.tellsC.illustratesD.represents4.A.wayB.flavorC.styleD.figure5.A.verbalB.literal

C.saidD.spokenPassage3BACDAWhenweunderstandalltheconditionsandcircumstancesinvolved(6)________aparadox,wefindthat(7)________atfirstseemedimpossibilitieswasactuallyentirelyplausibleandnotstrange(8)________.Theparadoxofthecoldhandsandhotporridgeisnotstrangeto(9)_______whoknowsthatastreamofairdirecteduponanobjectofdifferenttemperaturewill(10)_______bringthatobjectclosertoitsown(11)________,andPope’sparadoxisnotstrangewhenwerealizethatdamnisbeingused(12)________,6.A.atB.onC.inD.from7.A./B.itC.whetherD.what8.A.atallB.atlast

C.atleastD.inshort9.A.thoseB.anyone

C.anypeopleD.them10.A.intendtoB.carefor

C.tendtoD.watchover11.A.heatB.temperature

C.weatherD.degree12.A.literallyB.orally

C.figurativelyD.plainlyCDABCBCandthatPopemeansonlythata(13)_________reservedpraisemaydamage(14)________authorwiththepublicalmostasmuchas(15)_______criticism.Inaparadoxicalstatementthecontradictionusuallystems(16)________oneofthewordsbeingusedfigurativelyor(17)________morethanonesense.Thevalueofparadoxisits(18)________value.Itsseeming(19)________startlesthereaderintoattentionand,bythefactofitsapparentabsurdity,underscoresthe(20)________ofwhatisbeingsaid.13.A.muchB.so

C.suchD.too14.A.theB.aC.anD.such15.A.adverseB.complimentary

C.favorableD.friendly16.A.toB