語法和知識點

高一英語重點語法知識一、一般現(xiàn)在時1.表示現(xiàn)在習慣或經(jīng)常反復發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常與usually,always,sometimes,often,everyday/week/month/year等時間狀語連用。［例句］Heoftendoeshishomeworkinhisstudy.表示主語現(xiàn)在的特征、性格和狀態(tài)。［例句］Thedictionarybelongstome.表示客觀規(guī)律或科學真理、格言,以及其他不受時間限制的客觀存在。［例句］Themoongoesaroundthesun.4.在有連詞if,unless,before,assoonas,when,once,however等引導的時間、條件和讓步狀語從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。［例句］Ifyouworkhard,youwon'tfailintheexam.二、一般過去時表示過去某一時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。［例句］Shewenttothezooyesterday.在時間、條件狀語從句中代替過去將來時。［例句］Hesaidwhenshecamehewouldtellher.三、現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在（說話瞬間）正在進行或發(fā)生的動作。［例句］Heisreadinganewspapernow.表示當前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作（說話時動作不一定正在進行）。［例句］Whatareyoudoingthesedays?表示說話人現(xiàn)在對主語的行為表示贊嘆或厭惡等，常與always,constantly,continually等副詞連用。［例句］Heisalwaysthinkingofothers.表示在最近按計劃或安排要進行的動作。常限于go,come,leave,start,arrive等表“移動”、“方向”的詞。［例句］Heiscomingtoseemenextweek.四、 過去進行時表示過去某時正在進行的動作。［例句］HewassleepingwhenMarycametoseehim.動詞go,come,leave,arrive,start等的過去進行時常表過去將來時。［例句］ShesaidshewasgoingtoBeijingthedayaftertomorrow.五、 一般將來時表示將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。［例句］Idon'tknowwhatwillhappeninthefuture.常用來表示將來時的結(jié)構(gòu)包括：（1）shall/will+動詞原形：（單純）表將來,一般不用于條件句。（2） begoingto+動詞原形：（計劃）打算做 。（3） beaboutto+動詞原形：即將或正要去做某事，通常不與時間狀語連用,但可與when引導的從句連用。（4） beto+動詞原形：預定要做 。（5） bedoing表示按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作,常與go,start,setout,leave,reach,arrive,return,come,move等表位移的動詞連用。六、現(xiàn)在完成時1.表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。［例句］—Haveyouhadyoursupperyet?—Yes,Ihavejusthadit.2.常與介詞for,during,in,within,over等引導的時間狀語連用,表示過去的某一行為一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。［例句］Ihaven'tseenmyEnglishteacherforalongtime.3.表示反復或習慣性的動作,常與severaltimes,once,twice,frequently等頻度副詞連用。［例句］IhavebeentotheUSAseveraltimes.表示從過去到現(xiàn)在沒有發(fā)生過的動作。［例句］Ihaven'tsweptthefloorforaweek.用在時間、條件狀語從句中,表示從句動作先于主句動作完成。［例句］I'lltellhimafteryouhaveleft.在“最高級+名詞”或在“這是第幾次?”之后跟定語從句，從句用現(xiàn)在完成時。［例句］①ThisisthethirdtimeIhavebeenthere.②ThisisthebestteaIhaveeverdrunk.七、過去完成時1.表示在過去某一時刻以前已經(jīng)開始并一直延續(xù)到這一時刻、或是在此刻前已經(jīng)完成的動作。［例句］Bytheendoflastterm,wehadlearned1,000Englishwords.有些動詞(如：hope,think,expect,mean,intend,suppose,want等)的過去完成時可表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。［例句］IhadhopedtoseemoreofBeijing.?動詞時態(tài)應注意的幾點瞬間性動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在進行時常用來表示將來的動作。例句：Thefilmbeginsinaminute.Myuncleisleavingtomorrowmorning.在時間、條件、讓步狀語從句中,常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。例句：①EverytimeIlistentothatsong,I'llthinkofmyoldfriend.Ifyoudothat,Ishallbeverypleased.They'llstandbyyouevenifyoudon'tsucceed.一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別：一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時都表示過去所發(fā)生的動作，但現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)這一動作與現(xiàn)在的關系，如對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響、結(jié)果等，所以它不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用；一般過去時只表示過去的事實，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關系,因而它可以和表示過去的時間狀語連用。如：—Haveyoufinishedyourwork?—Yes,Ihave.—Whendidyoufinishit?—Ifinisheditlastsummer.?直接引語與間接引語轉(zhuǎn)換時應注意的幾個問題：人稱的變化時態(tài)的變化時間狀語的變化地點狀語的變化例句：XiaoYisaid,“Iwanttogototheparkthisafternoon."—XiaoYisaid（that）hewantedtogototheparkthatafternoon.Bobsaid,“We'llhaveameetingheretomorrowmorning."—Bobsaid（that）theywouldhaveameetingtherethenextmorning.?定語從句中關系代詞只能用that和不能用that的幾種情況：只能用that的情況先行詞是不定代詞。例句：Pleasetellmeeverythingthathappenedtoyou.先行詞被形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞或only,last,same,very等修飾。例句： ①ThisisthemostinterestingmoviethatIhaveeverseen.②ThisistheonlybookthatIreadduringthesummerholiday.先行詞既包括人又包括物。例句：Shetalkedaboutthewriterandhisworksthatinterestedher.不能用that的情況非限制性定語從句中。例句：Hesaidhecouldspeakthreeforeignlanguages,whichisnottrue.先行詞本身是that。例句：Ihavethatwhichyougaveme.“介詞+關系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。例句：ThepersontowhomItalkedjustnowisTom.?現(xiàn)在完成進行時與現(xiàn)在完成時進行的比較：強調(diào)動作還未結(jié)束時,多用現(xiàn)在完成進行時；強調(diào)動作的結(jié)果時,多用現(xiàn)在完成時。例句：!havebeenpaintingthepaining.（強調(diào)“一直在畫”這個動作）Ihavepaintedthepainting.（強調(diào)“畫完了”這個結(jié)果）有些動詞不能用在現(xiàn)在完成進行時中，但可用在現(xiàn)在完成時中。如:have,love,see等。例句：Shehashadacoldforaweek.Theyhavelovedeachotherforthreeyears.！haveseenthismovie.-ing形式：havingdonehavingdone是非謂語動詞中-ing形式的完成式，而doing則是其一般式，它們都與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關系，只是doing與句中謂語動詞同時發(fā)生或基本上同時發(fā)生；havingdone則表示動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在句中謂語動詞之前。［例句］Hearingthenews,theygotexcited.（hear和getexcited這兩個動作幾乎同時發(fā)生）Havingarrivedatthetopofmountain,theytookarest.（arrive發(fā)生在takearest之前）動詞后接動詞的-ing形式和不定式有些動詞后既可接動詞的-ing形式也可接todo形式作賓語，但意義有所不同。［例如］

forget/remember/regretdoingsth.表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生；forget/remember/regrettodosth.則表示該動作未發(fā)生。meantodosth.表示“打算做某事”meandoingsth.表示“意味著做某事”。trytodosth.表示“設法盡力做某事”；trydoingsth.表示“試著做某事”。stoptodosth.表示“停下來接著做另一件事”；stopdoingsth.表示“停止做某事”。goontodosth.表示“（做完某事）接著做另一件事”；goondoingsth.表示“繼續(xù)做同一件事”（=goonwithsth.）。can'thelptodosth.表示“不能幫助做某事”；can'thelpdoingsth.表示“情不自禁地做某事”。3.have/hasbeendoinghave/hasbeendoing是現(xiàn)在完成進行時的構(gòu)成，強調(diào)動作的延續(xù)過程，動作可能還在進行。而have/hasdone是現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成，強調(diào)動作的結(jié)果，該動作通常已經(jīng)結(jié)束。［例句］Q［havewrittenabook.（動作結(jié)束）②Ihavebeenwritingabook.（可能未寫完，側(cè)重最近一直忙于寫書）一、單項填空TheheadmastercalledTomtohisofficebecausehehadbeen intheexam.A.caughtcheating B.caughttocheatC.catchingcheating D.catchingtocheatThetimehe forthetripisnotsuitable anyofus.A.made;to B.fixed;for C.gave;with D.fixed;to—Whatdoyouthinkofwhathedidinclass?一Whyhediditwas myimagination.A.beyond B.through C.above D.overMywatchisnowheretobefound.I itwhenIwasonthebus.A.mustdrop B.can'thavedroppedC.havedropped D.musthavedropped一MayIspeaktoyourmanagerMr.Williamsatfiveo'clocktonight?—I'msorry.Mr.Williams toapartylongbeforethen.A.willhavegone B.hadgoneC.shouldhavegone D.hasgone26.FortypercentofthepopulationoftheU.S black.D.haveD.IfD.haveD.Ifoflittlechildren.D.distance theparty,wewouldneverhavetoday'shappiness.A.Butfor B.Onlyif C.IfonlyDon'tleavematchesorcigarettesonthetablewithin A.hand B.reach C.spaceHeaccidentally hehadquarreledwithhiswifeandthathehadn'tbeenhomeforacoupleofweeks.A.letoutB.tookcareC.madesureD.madeoutcoupleofweeks.A.letoutB.tookcareC.madesureD.madeout—Goforapicnicthisweekend,OK?—— ,Ilovegettingclosetonature.A.Icouldn'tagreemoreB.I'mafraidnotC.Ibelievenot D.Idon'tthinksoOn newstoday,therewere reportsofheavysnowinthatarea.A.the;the B.the；不填 C.不填；不填D.不填；theItwasapitythatthegreatwriterdied hisworksunfinished.A.for B.with C.from D.ofThefinalexaminationiscomingupsoon.It'stimeforusto ourstudies.A.getdownto B.getout C.getbackfor D.getoverHavingbeenattackedbyterrorists, .A.doctorscametotheirrescuer B.thetallbuildingcollapsedC.anemergencymeasureswastaken D.warningsweregiventotouristsTheflowers sweetinthegardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmell B.smelling C.smelt D.smell試題答案1—5ABADA6—10BABAA11—15BBABB英語必修1、2知識要點提綱1attitudeto/toward（s）3.beinfluentin1attitudeto/toward（s）3.beinfluentin4.cover的用法5．Nothinglike/somethinglike7.by/of/for/in/tooneself9.bywayof=via11.倍數(shù)表達法impresssbwith/on/uponsthmakeleaveanimpressiononroduce的用法8.fun/funny10.inotherwords,inaword=inshort=inbrief12.lookforwardtonotabit=notatall,notalittle=verymuchbenervousabout（notabit=notatall,notalittle=verymuchbenervousabout（緊張）/of（害怕）bepatientwith/havepatiencewithbestrictwithsb/insthbecause/as/since/for22.dare的用法abandon/desert26.scenery/view/scene/sight28.上車和下車的表達starve的用法contactandcontractdevidesthbetween（三者以上among）devidefrombeseriousaboutadmitsbinto/to允許進入gress23.distance的用法anexpertat/in/on.,beexpertat/in.27.referto的各種意思29.Do/Wouldyoumind.?以及回答survivefrom/onso/asfarasIknow據(jù)我所知agreatmany/anumberof/aquantitysupplyof/aseriesof/seriesof35.ltagreatmany/anumberof/aquantitysupplyof/aseriesof/seriesof35.lt開頭的與時間有關的句型reasonfor/causeof39.add的用法bewellknown-bebetterknownof/agreatdealof/alotof/alargeamountof/a36.place,time，way的介詞in的省略draw/reach/leadto/cometo/getto/arriveataconclusion40.order的用法contain/includeconcentrateon 44.consistof/in/with45.beknownfor/as/by/to 46.compareto/with47.agreewith/to/on 48.fit/suit/meet/satisfy/match49.go/beonadiet 50.beconnectedwith/berelatedto51.beanxiousfor/about,beeagerfor/about,beanxious/eagertodo,beanxiousthat(should)52.sure的用法53.though和as的倒裝句54.becrazyabour/likecrazy/gocrazy/drivesbmad55.lie的用法56.pick/pickup/pickout58.nomorethan/notmoreth