醫(yī)學(xué)微生物學(xué) 46醫(yī)學(xué)免疫學(xué) 28 醫(yī)學(xué)寄生蟲 24

感染與免疫醫(yī)學(xué)微生物學(xué)(46)醫(yī)學(xué)免疫學(xué)(28)醫(yī)學(xué)寄生蟲(24)藥理學(xué)(12)MedicalImmunology醫(yī)學(xué)免疫學(xué)1.Majorconception2.Immunesystem3.Typeofimmuneresponse4.TheHistoryofimmunologyBriefIntroductionChapter1,2免疫學(xué)簡(jiǎn)介A.Immunity

Classicalconception

Modernconception(immunis)

免疫是機(jī)體識(shí)別自己和非己,并排除非己抗原,以維持機(jī)體內(nèi)環(huán)境穩(wěn)定的生理性防御功能;正常情況下具有保護(hù)作用,異常情況下可損害機(jī)體（雙重性）---機(jī)體防御病原體侵襲的能力(或抗感染的防御能力)

1.Majorconception

Pathogenortoxicproduct

bodySpecificsubstanceCombinewith

AgAb

Ag→→→body

→→→Ab(IS)

抗原刺激機(jī)體(免疫系統(tǒng))產(chǎn)生抗體的全過程稱為免疫應(yīng)答(immuneresponse,IR)

B.Antigen,antibodyandimmuneresponse2.Immunesystem(IS)A.ComponentsofimmunesystemB.Functionsofimmunesystem

-

Immuneorgans

?centralimmuneorgan

?periphericimmuneorganandtissues

A.ComponentsofISimmuneorgans

immunecells

immunemolecules

---bonemarrowandthymus---lymphnodesandspleen?mucosal-associatedlymphoidtissue

bonemarrow*siteofBcelldifferentiationandmutulation*siteofdevelopingresponsemediatedbyBcell

*sourseofvariousbloodcells

thymus

siteofTcelldifferentiationandmutulationinduceautoimmunetolerancetakepartinimmunoregulation

outercortexinnermedulla

---*structureof

thymic

lobule

胸腺小葉的結(jié)構(gòu)TSCincluding:

?thymusepithelialcells?macrophage?thymusdendriticcells

?fibroblast*containthymocytesandthymicstromalcells(TSC)*functionofthymus*structure*functionofthymus

shallowcortex(Bcellareas)

paracortex(Tcellareas)cortex

medullarycords

髓索(T,B,plasmacellandM)

medullarysinus

髓竇

sitesofresidenceanddevelopingimmuneresponseforTandBcell

filterlymph

takepartinlymphocyterecirculationlymphnodesmedulla

75%---T25%---Bspleen*structurewhitepulpredpulp

白髓(淋巴鞘)邊緣帶被膜中央小動(dòng)脈入脾動(dòng)脈淋巴小結(jié)的生發(fā)中心邊緣帶小動(dòng)脈周圍淋巴鞘靜脈竇脾索紅髓生發(fā)中心(淋巴濾泡)(Tcellareas)(Bcellareas)*function(Bcell,M

,DC)55%---B35%---T(Bcell,Tcell)?T,B細(xì)胞定居和產(chǎn)生免疫應(yīng)答的場(chǎng)所?過濾血液?合成免疫活性物質(zhì)的重要場(chǎng)所

Mucosalimmunesystem(MIS)(ormucosal-associatedlymphoidtissue,MALT)*consistsofunencapsulatedsubepithelial

lymphoidfoundinthegastrointestinal,respiratoryandurogenitaltracts?執(zhí)行固有免疫?分泌SIgA,執(zhí)行局部特異性免疫功能的主要場(chǎng)所?參與口服抗原介導(dǎo)的免疫耐受

*function

Immunecells

hematopoieticstemcells(HSC)phagocyteslymphocytes(T,BandNKcells)antigen-presentingcell(APC)othercell---所有參與免疫應(yīng)答或與免疫應(yīng)答有關(guān)的細(xì)胞及其前體,均屬于免疫細(xì)胞

Immunemoleculessecritorymoleculemembranemolecules

(Ig,Complement,Cytokine)(TCR,BCR,MHCmolecule,CKR,CDmolecule,AM,CRandsoon.)

SelfAgnon-selfAgautoimmunityorAIDB.FunctionofISrecognizeAgresponseIRISrejectnon-selfHIorCMISelf-toleranceimmunetolerancehypersensitivity

Normalimmunedefenceimmunehomeostasisimmunesurveillance

AbnormalallergyorIDDautoimmunediseasetumor/severeinfection3.TypeofimmuneresponseA.Innateimmuneresponse(對(duì)多種抗原產(chǎn)生的應(yīng)答,是機(jī)體固有的天然防御功能)

Constitution

Feature?Barrierstructure?PhagocytosisofphagocytesandkillofNKcells?Anti-microorganismsubstancesinthebodyfluidsandtissues生來具有、可遺傳、相對(duì)穩(wěn)定、無特異性、有種的差異(orcalledinnate/nonspecificimmunity)B.AdaptiveimmuneresponseB.Adaptiveimmuneresponse

Humoralimmunity(HI)andcell-mediatedimmunity(CMI)orcellularimmunity

Feature(oracquired/specificimmunity)接觸抗原后獲得，不可遺傳，有明顯特異性(對(duì)特異性抗