高中英語(yǔ)-句子成分及五種基本句型-課件

英語(yǔ)句子成分和基本句型1.YouhadbetteranswerthequestioninEnglish.2.TheChineseallovertheworldarehopingfortherealizationofthefourmodernizations.3.IttakesyouthreehourstogotoHongKongbyair.4.ShehasjustgotaletterfromherbrotherintheUS.5.I’llfindawaytoimproveonmyownsothatIcanmaketheteamnextyear.6.Spendingtoo

much

time

online

is

unhealthy

and

makes

it

very

difficult

to

focusonotherthingsinlife.7.Ifoundmostofmyclassmatesandteachersfriendlyandhelpful.8.Tomislookingforwardtomeetingthenewexchangestudent.9.Mothermadeabirthdaycakeforme句子包括哪些成分？句子成分詳解表句子成分意義充當(dāng)詞類例句主語(yǔ)表示句子說(shuō)的是什么人或什么事名，代，數(shù)，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，短語(yǔ)或句子WestudyinHuangQiaoMiddleSchool.謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么，是什么或怎么樣動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組Sheisdancingunderthetree.賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象同主語(yǔ)BothofuslikeEnglish.表語(yǔ)與聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞連用，一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么,怎么樣同主語(yǔ)Herfatherisachemist.Hiswordssoundreasonable.定語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞形，代，數(shù)，名,副，介詞短語(yǔ)或句子Wehaveeightlessonseveryday.狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，目的，方式，結(jié)果等副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)或句子Heworksveryhard.TheyheldapartyinHollywood.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)邏輯上與賓語(yǔ)是主謂關(guān)系形容詞，名詞，介詞短語(yǔ)等Shealwayskeepsthehouseclean.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)是基礎(chǔ)，賓表定狀補(bǔ)輔助。賓主來(lái)自名代數(shù)，動(dòng)詞作謂不可無(wú)！句子成分(1)

謂主賓表示句子所說(shuō)的是“什么人”或“什么事物”主語(yǔ)Whatheneedsisabook.GinaisfromAustralia.Sheoftengoestothemovies.Doingtheworkishardforhim.主語(yǔ)（subject）：句子說(shuō)明的人或事物。主語(yǔ)一般位于______

。1.Lucylikeshernewbike.2.Weworkhard.3.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.4.Playingfootballafterschoolisgreatfun.句首在“Therebe…”句型中，主語(yǔ)的位置在

be動(dòng)詞之后。如：Therearesomebottlesofmilkinthebox.Thereisaduckinthelake.一、主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)可以用下面這些東西表示：1.Thesunrisesintheeast.（）2.Helikesdancing.（）3.Twowillbeenough.()4.Seeingisbelieving.（）6.Toseeistobelieve.（）7.Whatheneedsisabook.（）8.Itisveryclearthattheelephantistalllikeatree.（）名詞代詞數(shù)詞動(dòng)名詞不定式從句It作形式主語(yǔ)，that從句是真正的主語(yǔ)形式主語(yǔ)Itisclearthatthesunisbiggerthantheearth.It

isimportant

to

learnEnglishwell.不定式、從句等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為避頭重腳輕，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)置句首。你能劃出下列句子的真正的主語(yǔ)嗎?翻譯1)Itiswrongtotellalie.()

2)Heiscleveralot.3)Itisgettingclod4)Itiseasyformetoplaythepiano.5)Theteacheriskindtous.說(shuō)謊是錯(cuò)誤的。主語(yǔ)在哪里Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.Whathehassaidistrue.Seeingisbelieving.（眼見為實(shí)）

說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么”或“怎么樣”,謂語(yǔ)通常是動(dòng)詞。主謂要一致謂語(yǔ)WeloveChina.Hehasabadcold.動(dòng)詞常分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,系動(dòng)詞,和助動(dòng)詞1.WeloveChina.2.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.3.Theyareplayingoverthere.4.Sheseemstired.謂語(yǔ):說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么或怎么樣。通常由實(shí)義動(dòng)詞；助動(dòng)詞+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞；系動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)。

動(dòng)詞常分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,系動(dòng)詞,和助動(dòng)詞△助動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ),必須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ).TheycanspeakEnglishwell.Theyareplayingoverthere.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.謂語(yǔ)在哪里TheycanspeakEnglishwell.助動(dòng)詞須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)Helookedaftertwoboys.Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.lookafter照顧表示動(dòng)作,行為的對(duì)象說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做了什么”（所做的事）賓語(yǔ)CanIasksomequestions?Heislookingatthedog.賓語(yǔ)一般放在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作，行為的對(duì)象，由名詞，代詞，短語(yǔ)，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，從句充當(dāng)．它和及物動(dòng)詞一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做了什么，在謂語(yǔ)、介詞之后．賓語(yǔ)：動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么。一般放在_________或_______后面.1.Westudy

English.

2.Ourteacher

said

thathewouldgothere.3.Heislookingatthedog.△雙賓語(yǔ)：指人的是間接賓語(yǔ)，指物的是直接賓語(yǔ)。（直物間人）

Hegavemetwobooks.及物動(dòng)詞介詞間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)Hegaveme

twobooks.Tomteachesus

English.雙賓語(yǔ)人是間接賓語(yǔ)物是直接賓語(yǔ)常跟雙賓語(yǔ)的詞give,buy,teach二、賓語(yǔ)可以用下面這些東西表示：1.Shelivedahappylife.()2.Iloveyou.()3.Weneedtwo.()4.Doyoumindmyopeningthedoor?()5.HebegantolearnEnglishayearago.()6.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.()7.Didyouwritedownwhatshesaid?()8.Shefeltitherdutytotakegoodcareofthem.()名詞代詞數(shù)詞動(dòng)名詞不定式疑問(wèn)詞+不定式從句It作形式賓語(yǔ)，不定式是真正的賓語(yǔ)

Mybrother

hasn’t

donehishomework.

A

B

C

DYoumustpaygood

attentionto

A

Byour

pronunciation.

C

D

賓語(yǔ)在哪里Summary2謂語(yǔ)“做….”或“怎么樣”3賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)作行為”做”的對(duì)象主語(yǔ)“什么人”或“什么事”1句子成分(2)定狀補(bǔ)表說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“是什么”,“怎么樣”位于系動(dòng)詞之后表語(yǔ)Hermotherisa

bank

clerk.Thefoodtastesdelicious.表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么，或者怎么樣，由名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，短語(yǔ)，或者從句充當(dāng)．表語(yǔ)位于系動(dòng)詞后面．表語(yǔ)：跟在

后面的詞語(yǔ)或從句,用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份,特征,狀態(tài).BeThetreesturngreen.Theflowerisbeautiful.系動(dòng)詞Healwayskept

silentatmeeting.Heisalwayssilentatthemeeting系動(dòng)詞狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)、身份等，主要有be（isamare）Iam

hungry.持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep,remain,stay等。Hebecamemadafterthat.感官系動(dòng)詞

主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,look等。Thisflowersmellsverysweet.變化系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)變化，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come等。表像動(dòng)詞表示看起來(lái)像，seem,appear,lookHelookstired.5表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)可以用下面這些東西表示：

Heisateacher.()Myideaisthis.()Toseeistobelieve.()Ifeelmuchbettertoday./Imustbeoffnow.()Heisoutofdanger.()Thenewswasexciting./Theywereexcitedatthenews.()WhatsurprisedmemostwasthathespokeChinesesowell.()名詞代詞不定式從句形容詞/副詞介詞短語(yǔ)分詞找出表語(yǔ)Everythinglooksnice.Hisfaceturnedred.Heishappy.修飾名詞或代詞定語(yǔ)She’sagoodbasketballplayer.What’syourname?Thegirlwithlonghairismysister.定語(yǔ)：用來(lái)修飾_____.

Thisisaredcar.Thebuildingistheirteachingbuilding.Thewomandoctorismywife.Ihavesomethingtotellyou.ThemaninfrontofthedoorisMr.Li.EverystudenthasanEnglishbook.五、定語(yǔ)名詞和代詞三、定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)可以用下面這些東西表示：It’saredcar.()Theyliveintheroomabove.()Mybrotherisateacher.()Webelongtothethirdworld.()Lucy’sfatherisapoorworker.()Mothermadeabirthdaycakeforme.()Themanunderthetreeismyteacher.()Theswimmingboyis

mybrother./Theboyswimmingintheriverismybrother.()形容詞副詞代詞數(shù)詞名詞所有格名詞介詞短語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞找出定語(yǔ)Some

people

forgot

tosweepthefloor.

A

B

C

DTheman

downstairs

was

tryingtosleep.

A

B

C

D修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句,說(shuō)明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、因果、條件、讓步、方向、程度、目的等。狀語(yǔ)ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachines.Hesatthere

quietly.我們都笑了。Allofuslaughed!鳥兒飛。Birdsfly!小狗跑。Thedogruns!我們都大聲地笑了。Allofuslaughedoutloud!鳥兒向南飛。Birdsflytothesouth!小狗跑得像一只兔子。Thedogrunslikearabbit.Subject+Verb+AdverbialSubject+Verbadverbial

狀語(yǔ)adverb 副詞修飾動(dòng)詞The

dog

walkedslowlyalongthestreet(沿著街).這條狗沿著街慢慢地走著

Sheswimsverywell.狀語(yǔ)（程度）修飾形容詞He

was

very

serious,butextremelyboring.

Heisoldenoughtodecideforhimself.

他已到自己做決定的年齡了。

修飾副詞He

runs

very

fast.

修飾句子Fortunately,thedriverescapedthedanger.

Thedriverescapedthedanger,fortunately.

伴隨狀語(yǔ):伴隨狀語(yǔ)是指狀語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作伴隨主句發(fā)生。Hesattherereadinganovel.The

dogenteredtheroom,followinghismaster.(這條狗跟著主人進(jìn)了屋）地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)Hesatthere.Intheclassroom,theboyneedsapen.

目的狀語(yǔ)HermotheroftengoesouttogoshoppingonSunday.

Igotupearlythismorningtocatchthebus.四、狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)可以用下面這些東西表示：Heisoftenlateforclass.()Wesawthatpictureatthecinema.()Hesattheresmoking.()Theyreturnedtiredandhungry.（）Theydideverythingtheycouldtosavetheboy’slife.

（）Althoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.()TheboxissoheavythatIcan’tliftit.()副詞，程度介詞短語(yǔ)，地點(diǎn)分詞，伴隨不定式，目的形容詞，狀態(tài)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句四、狀語(yǔ)可以用下面這些東西表示：Whilemywifewasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.（）Hewasangrybecausewewerelate．(）Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon’tgoout.()時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句找出狀語(yǔ)He

began

writing

whenhewaseleven.

A

B

C

DThere

was

abigsmile

onherface.

A

B

C

D用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的情況賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Weelectedhimourmonitor.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.注意點(diǎn)某些及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)后面還需要有一個(gè)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，意思才完整，賓語(yǔ)和它的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。比如說(shuō)：Iliketokeepeverythingtidy.I'mgoingtopaintitpink.1感官動(dòng)詞：smell,lookat,see,watch,hear,listento,notice,observe,feel,taste.2使役動(dòng)詞：havelet,make,get3表示心理情感狀態(tài)的詞：consider,think,believe,discover,find,imagine,wish,expect等接賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不定式的符號(hào)to必須省略1.Ihearhimsing.2.sawyouputthekeyinyourpocket五、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：IconsiderJimagoodfriend.()Ialwaysfindherhappy.()Peoplepraisedhimasahero.()IhadtheTVfixed.()Isawhimenteringthebuilding.()Whatmadeyouthinkso?()Doyouwantmetogo?()形容詞名詞介詞短語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞省略掉to的不定式不定式

I

saw

Mr.Wang

getonthebus.

A

B

C

DThey

callme

Lilysometimes.

A

B

C

D找出賓補(bǔ)Summary2定語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞3狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞或副詞、句子4賓補(bǔ)用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的情況表語(yǔ)“是什么”,”怎么樣”1句子成份練習(xí)1、Youshouldstudyhard.2、Theteachergotveryangry.3、Theboytoldmehisstory.4、Weelectedhimourmonitor.5、Thesunkeepsuswarm.6、Itoldhimtoopenthewindow.7、Wewatchedthetrainleavingthestation.狀語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)間語(yǔ)+直賓賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)8.Ithinkitdifficulttofinishtheworkthismorning.9.Thereseemslittlehopesofsuccess.10、Toourjoy,theyarrivedsafe.11、Thefactisveryclearthatourteamwillwinthegame.12.Aftergraduationhewillworkwherehecamefrom.賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)主語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)有哪幾種常見的句型結(jié)構(gòu)？按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種：簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。簡(jiǎn)單句：只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）。e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Theywalked,talkedandlaughed.

簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型列式如下：一：ＳＶ（主＋謂）二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）三：ＳＶＯ（主＋謂＋賓）四：ＳＶIO

DＯ（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)）主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)是一句子中不可缺少的ＳＶ（是系動(dòng)詞）Ｐ(表語(yǔ))1.This2.Thedinner3.He4.Everything5.He6.Thebook7.Theweather8.Hisface

issmells(聞)felllooksisisbecameturnedanEnglishdictionary.good.happy.different.tallandstrong.interesting.warmer.red.系動(dòng)詞詞義不完整，在句中不能單獨(dú)使用（除省略句外），后面必須接有表語(yǔ)，系動(dòng)詞和表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成合成謂語(yǔ)。

一、系動(dòng)詞的分類：

常見的系動(dòng)詞大致可分為三類。

第一類：表示特征或狀態(tài)的，有be，look，feel，seem，appear，smell，taste，sound，turnout（結(jié)果是、證明是）等。

Youdon’tlookverywell.

Ifeelrathercold.

第三類：表示保持狀態(tài)的，有keep，remain，continue，stay等。

Keepquiet,children!

Itremainstobeproved.

基本句型三Ｓ+Ｖt+Ｏ（主＋謂＋賓）此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞。ＳＶ（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）Ｏ(賓語(yǔ))1.Who

2.She3.He8.He5.They6.Danny7.I4.Heknowslaughatunderstandsmadeatelikeswantsaidtheanswer?her.English.cakes.someapples.donuts.tohaveacupoftea."Goodmorning."

基本句型四Ｓ+Ｖt+IO+DＯ（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）

此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的直接承受者，另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接承受者。通常這一間接承受者用一個(gè)介詞來(lái)連接，當(dāng)動(dòng)作的間接承受者在動(dòng)作的直接承受者之前時(shí)，這一介詞往往被省略。ＳＶ（及物）Iｏ（多指人）DＯ（多指物）1.She2.She3.He8.He5.I6.I7.I4.He

passedcookedbroughtboughtshowedgavetoldshowed

himherhusbandyouherhimhimmeanewdress.adeliciousmeal.adictionary.nothing.mypictures.ahand.howtorunthemachine.thatthebuswaslate.

基本句型五Ｓ+Ｖt+Ｏ+Ｃ（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)）此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ)，才能使意思完整。ＳＶ（及物）Ｏ（賓語(yǔ)）Ｃ（賓補(bǔ)）1.We2.They3.They4.They5.What6.We7.He8.Ikeeppaintedcallfoundmakessawaskedsaw

thetablethedoorsupperthehousehimhimmethem

clean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.tocomebacksoon.gettingonthebus.

用it做形式賓語(yǔ)，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放到賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的后面，以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，是英語(yǔ)常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)方式。即：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+it+賓補(bǔ)+真正賓語(yǔ)。如：Ifounditverypleasanttobewithyourfamily.并列句

定義

用法

并列句是由and,but,or,for等并列連詞把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上意義有關(guān)的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起而構(gòu)成的句子。其結(jié)構(gòu)為:簡(jiǎn)單句+并列連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句。并列句是初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn),也是中考的?？贾R(shí)點(diǎn)之一。要想真正、全面掌握并列句,就讓我們一起聆聽它的“四重奏”吧!定義并列句是由and,but,or,for等并列連詞把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上意義有關(guān)的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起而構(gòu)成的句子。其結(jié)構(gòu)為:簡(jiǎn)單句+并列連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句。并列句是初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn),也是中考的常考知識(shí)點(diǎn)之一。要想真正、全面掌握并列句,就讓我們一起聆聽它的“四重奏”吧!定義聯(lián)合并列句

并列連詞:and(和、并且),其中and意為“和、又、而”，表示動(dòng)作先后等，notonly...butalso...(不但……而且……)等。

and在表示條件時(shí)，可與if引導(dǎo)的肯定條件句轉(zhuǎn)換

keeppassingtheballtoeachother,andyou”llbeOk!Ifyoukeeppassingtheballeachother,you”llbeOk!轉(zhuǎn)折并列句并列連詞:but(但是),however(然而),ye