Unit4DiscoveringUsefulStructures課件高中英語人教版必修第三冊

RevisetheInfinitiveDoyoubelieveI

usedtobeverythin?It’shardforyou_________thatnow._______istobelieve.ToseetobelieveHowcanyoubelieve?Theinfinitive不定式由“to+do(動(dòng)詞原形)”構(gòu)成,其否定形式是“nottodo”,

不定式可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。Thedefinitionofinfinitive

Iamgladtoseeyou.Hehasdecidedtogivehersomemoney.

表示的動(dòng)作通常與謂語所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)同時(shí)或者幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，或是在它之后發(fā)生。Iamverygladtobeworkingwithyou.Hepretendedtobeworkinghardwhenhisbosspassedhim.表示的動(dòng)作通常與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。Hehappenedtohaveseenthefilmbefore.ThenovelisbelievedtohavebeentranslatedintoChinese.不定式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)之前。主動(dòng)語態(tài)

todo被動(dòng)語態(tài)

tobedoneItisanhonorformetobeinvitedtoattendthemeeting.Everyonelikestheherotobepraised.Tokeepsmiling

ishealthyforyou.單個(gè)不定式作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。It’simportanttolookupthenewwordsinthedictionary

whenyoustudyEnglish.若不定式太長,往往用it作形式主語,不定式后置。1.不定式作主語(subject)Myjobtoprotecttheworld.is2.不定式作表語(predicative)

Seeingistobelieve.Toseeisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.不定式常用在系動(dòng)詞be,seem,appear,get,remain等后作表語。Allyouhavetodois(to)finishthejobquickly.如果主語部分含有do的某種形式,用作表語的不定式可省略to。小結(jié)：LinShuhaolikestoplay

basketball.Ifinditstillnecessary(forhim)___________ifhewantstowin.句型：think/consider/find/…+it+adj.+todotoworkhard某些動(dòng)詞后往往用it作形式賓語,不定式后置。3.不定式作賓語(object)agree,afford,appear,ask,attempt,care,choose,claim,dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine,expect,fail,get,hate,hesitate,hope,hurry,intend,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,tend,threaten,want,wish+todo常見動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel,disappointed…e.g.I’mglad/pleased

toseeyou.Weweresurprised

tohearthenews.Lookatthesentencesandfindtherules.不定式可以用在某些形容詞后作賓語，如：Mymumasksme

toplaythepiano

twohourseveryday.Theteachertoldme_______________________.+sb.todosth.warn,tell,allow,help,ask,force,expect

…tocleantheblackboard引導(dǎo)不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞1.不定式在感官動(dòng)詞(feel,hear,listento,watch,lookat,notice,observe)后；2.使役動(dòng)詞

(let,have,make)后。不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)不帶to的情況五看(watch,see,lookat,notice,observe)

三使(make,let,have)

二聽(listento,hear)

一感覺(feel)1.Theysawtheboyfallsuddenlyfromthetree.Theboywasseentofallsuddenlyfromthetree.

MothermadeJohnwashthecar.

Johnwasmadetowashthecar.以上的動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)式，to要還原Comparison1.Itislookingforasuitablecoat

towear.2.Tomhasanicepen

towritewith.5.不定式作定語(attribute)不定式作定語時(shí)常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。

(a)Shewasverybusyandhadnotime

tovisitherfriends.

(b)

Ladiesandgentlemen,Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Detailedexplanation3.something,anything,nothing,everything等復(fù)合不定代詞常用不定式作后置定語。Ihavesomethingurgenttoinformyou.4.如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞,則后面需加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。

e.g.Pleasepassmesomepapertowrite___.on1)不定式作目的狀語Timsatnearthefiretogetwarm.Theathletespractisedhardtowinthematch.強(qiáng)調(diào)作目的狀語的不定式,常用inorder(not)to，soas(not)to短語.前者可放在句首,也可放在句中;后者只能放在句中。6.不定式作狀語(adverbial)______(be)awinner,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.

TobeInordertoimproveEnglish,______.A.Jenny’sfatherboughtheralotoftapesB.Jennyboughtalotoftapesforherself

不定式作狀語，其邏輯主語通常是句子的主語。

不定式表示結(jié)果常見于下列句型

2).不定式作結(jié)果狀語1)

onlytodoHeliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.2)

enoughtodoHedidn'trunfastenoughtocatchthetrain.

3)

too...todoHiseyesightistoopoortoreadsuchsmallletters.4)

so...astodoWouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbicycle?5)

such...astodoWearenotsuchfoolsastobelievehim.(陜西)Ifhetakesonhiswork,hewillhavenochoicebut________(meet)anevengreaterchallenge.解析：介詞后一般只能接動(dòng)名詞，但在表示“除……外”的介詞but和except后，有時(shí)可接不定式；當(dāng)前面有行為動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，不定式不帶to；前面沒有行為動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，要帶to。tomeet(2012四川)Tomtookataxitotheairport,only________(find)hisplanehighupinthesky.tofind(山東)Georgereturnedafterthewar,only___________(tell)thathiswifehadlefthim.tobetold[辨析]doing/todo

作結(jié)果狀語Iwenttoseemyauntonlytofindherout.Iwenttoseemyaunt,findingherout.Totellthetruth,Iamnothappyatthemoment.tobefranktobehonesttotellthetruth7.獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)(absoluteconstruction)Practice:1.Asaresultoftheseriousflood,two-thirdsofthebuildingsintheareaneed________________________(repair).2.Sandycoulddonothingbut________(admit)tohisteacherthathewaswrong.3.Energydrinksarenotallowed_____________(make)inAustraliabutarebroughtinfromNewZealand.repairing/toberepairedadmittobemade4.Myadvisorencouragedme________(take)asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.5.Myparentshavealwaysmademe________(feel)goodaboutmyself,evenwhenIwastwelve.totakefeeltolearnpickfixedtohavelockedtobreathe12.Ifthere’salotofwork______(do),Iamhappytojustkeeponuntilitisfinished.13.---Thelastone________(arrive)paysthemeal.—Agreed!14.Duetotheheavyrainandflooding,tenmillionpeoplehavebeenforced________(leave)theirhom