陶瓷磚和衛(wèi)生陶瓷分類及術(shù)語

陶瓷磚和衛(wèi)生陶瓷分類及術(shù)語標(biāo)準(zhǔn)類型標(biāo)準(zhǔn)號GB/T9195—1999標(biāo)準(zhǔn)公布單位國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)局公布范圍本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定了建筑衛(wèi)生陶瓷中陶瓷磚和衛(wèi)生陶瓷的名稱、定義及有關(guān)術(shù)語的涵義。本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于陶瓷和衛(wèi)生陶瓷的設(shè)計(jì)、生產(chǎn)、質(zhì)量檢驗(yàn)、貿(mào)易、科學(xué)爭論、教學(xué)等領(lǐng)域，也可供建筑施工部門參考。定義陶瓷磚ceramictile由粘土或其他無機(jī)非金屬原料，經(jīng)成型、燒結(jié)等工藝處理，用于裝飾與保護(hù)建筑物、構(gòu)筑物墻面及地面的板狀或塊狀陶瓷制品。也可稱為陶瓷飾面磚ceramicfacingtile)衛(wèi)生陶瓷ceramicsanitaryware用做衛(wèi)生設(shè)施的有釉陶瓷制品。3分類陶瓷磚瓷質(zhì)磚porcelaintile吸水率〔E〕不超過0.5%的陶瓷磚。炻瓷磚vitrifiedtile0.5%3%的陶瓷磚。細(xì)炻磚finestonewaretile3%6%的陶瓷磚。炻質(zhì)磚stonewaretile6%10%的陶瓷磚。陶質(zhì)磚fineearthenwaretile吸水率大于10%的陶瓷磚，正面施釉的也可稱為釉面磚。擠出磚extrudedtile將可塑性坯料經(jīng)過擠壓機(jī)擠出，再切割成型的陶瓷磚。干壓陶瓷磚powder-pressedtile將坯粉置于模具中高壓下壓制成型的陶瓷磚。其他成型方式陶瓷磚tilesmadebyotherprocesses通常生產(chǎn)的干壓陶瓷磚和擠壓陶瓷磚以外的陶瓷磚。內(nèi)墻磚interiorwalltile用于裝飾與保護(hù)建筑物內(nèi)墻的陶瓷磚。外墻磚exteriorwalltile用于裝飾與保護(hù)建筑物外墻的陶瓷磚。室內(nèi)地磚indoorfloortile用于裝飾與保護(hù)建筑物內(nèi)部地面的陶瓷磚。室外地磚outdoorgroundtile用于裝飾與保護(hù)室外構(gòu)筑物地面的陶瓷磚。有釉磚glazedtile正面施釉的陶瓷磚無釉磚unglazedtile不施釉的陶瓷磚平面裝飾磚瓦patterntile正面為平面的陶瓷磚。立體裝飾磚stereoscopictile正面呈凹凸紋樣的陶瓷磚。陶瓷錦磚ceramicmosaictile用于裝飾與保護(hù)建筑物地面及墻面的由多塊小磚拼貼成聯(lián)的陶瓷磚〔也稱馬賽克。廣場磚plazastone用于鋪砌廣場及道路的陶瓷磚。配件磚trimmers用于鋪砌建筑物墻腳、拐角等特別裝修部位的陶瓷磚。拋光磚polishedtile經(jīng)過機(jī)械研磨、拋光，外表呈鏡面光澤的陶瓷磚。滲花磚color-penetratedtile將可溶性色料溶液滲入坯體內(nèi)，燒成后呈現(xiàn)顏色或花紋的陶瓷磚。劈離磚splittile由擠出法成型為兩塊反面相連的磚坯，經(jīng)燒成后敲擊分別成的陶瓷磚。衛(wèi)生陶瓷便器wcpan用于承納并沖走人體排泄物的有釉陶瓷質(zhì)衛(wèi)生器。按排泄口部位，有下排污和排污之分。蹲便器squattingwcpan使用時(shí)以人體取蹲式為特點(diǎn)的便器。分為無遮擋和有遮擋；其構(gòu)造有返水彎和無返水彎兩種。坐便器sittingwcpan使用時(shí)以人體取坐式為特點(diǎn)的便器。按沖洗方式分有沖落式、虹吸式、噴射虹吸式、旋渦虹吸式。a沖落式坐便器wash-downwcpan 借沖洗水的沖力直接將污物排出的便器。其主要特點(diǎn)是在沖水、排污過程中只形成正壓，沒有負(fù)壓。虹吸式坐便器siphonwcpan主要借沖洗水在排水道所形成的虹吸作用將污物排出的便器。沖洗時(shí)正壓對排污起協(xié)作作用。噴射虹吸式坐便器siphonjetwcpan在水封下設(shè)有噴射道，借噴射水流而加速排污并在肯定程度上降低沖水噪音的坐便器〔利用水封隔音。連體式坐便器integralsittingwcpan 與水箱為一體的坐便器。其沖洗管道有虹吸式，也有沖落式。3.2.旋渦虹吸式連體坐便器siphonvortexintegralsittingwcpan利用沖洗水流形成的旋渦加速污物排出的虹吸式連體坐便器。壁掛式坐便器wall-hangsittingwcpan掛裝在墻面上的坐式大便器。沖洗管道有沖落式和虹吸式。掛箱式坐便器wall-hangcisternsittingwcpan水箱掛裝在墻面上的坐便器水箱cistern與便器配套，用以盛裝沖洗水的有釉陶瓷質(zhì)容器。高水箱uppercistern與蹲便器配套的無蓋水箱，利用高位差產(chǎn)生的水壓將污物排走。低水箱lowercistern 與坐便器配套的帶蓋水箱。依據(jù)安裝方式有掛式、坐式。小便器urinal專共男性小便使用的有釉陶瓷質(zhì)衛(wèi)生設(shè)備。有壁掛式和落地式。 3.2.7.1壁掛式小便器wall-hangurinal掛裝于墻壁上的小便器。 3.2.7.2落地式小便器stallurinal直立于地面的小便器。洗面器wash-basin 供洗臉、洗手用的有釉陶瓷質(zhì)衛(wèi)生設(shè)備。有懸掛式、立柱式和臺式。壁掛式洗面器hungwash-basin 安裝于墻面或托架上的洗面器。 3.2.8.2立柱式洗面器pedestalwash-basin下方帶有立柱的洗面器。3.2.8.3臺式洗面器vanitywash-basin與臺板組合在一起的洗面器。浴盆bidet 傳供洗浴用的有釉陶瓷質(zhì)衛(wèi)生設(shè)備。凈身器bidet帶有噴洗的供水系統(tǒng)和排水系統(tǒng)，洗滌人體排泄器官的有釉陶瓷質(zhì)衛(wèi)生設(shè)備。按洗滌水噴出方式，分直噴式、斜噴式和前后穿插噴洗方式陶瓷成品mugMeatPlate,Round-edge荷口湯盤SoupPlate湯盤Teacup茶杯TeaSaucer茶杯碟Creamer奶壺Bowl(Ricepot,Fan-zong)飯碗Coffeecup/Saucer咖啡杯碟Teacup/Saucer茶杯/碟Milkpot奶壺SaladBowl沙拉Shaker篩Tureen湯窩Duckbowl鴨碗RiceBowl飯碗RicebowlFlaring反口碗Ricebowlrope反口碗Saucer,thickbody厚碟Bowlwithcover蓋碗CylindricalDecor直身杯碟TeaPot,PersimmonShapeNo.22號篩壺Platewithhandle/heatplate,thick帶把手的厚碟4.5”RiceBowlPlatter大淺盤Vase花瓶FishBowl魚缸FruitPlate水果盤DeepPlate深盤

4.5`反口碗PepperJar胡椒瓶peppercellarSaltJar鹽瓶SaltsellarSeasoningDish格碟FoodMixingBowl斗碗TablewaresSet餐具Teacupwithsaucer茶杯碟ChristmasToys小丑GoddessofMercy觀音EightImmortalsofancientFigures八仙Godoflongevitywithlad壽星Godofwealth/Treasure/Longevity財(cái)神Porcelainfiguring人物Mask面具Ovalplate魚盤MeatPlate拼盤FlatPlate平盤SoupPlate湯盤Porcelainfordailyuse日用陶瓷Porcelainforartistic工藝陶瓷Porcelainfordisplay陳設(shè)陶瓷theimitationofantiqueporcelain仿古陶瓷labelsforporcelain花紙Gold-embossedporcelain刷金vats盆Corrugatedcardboardboxes皺硬紙板箱Fleurbouquet花籃13pecChineseTeaPot6pecDecoratedMugsetCowmobile6/s動態(tài)牛Singleunicorn獨(dú)角獸〔麒麟〕SpoonRestCandleholder燭座Vaseopen-work通花瓶flowerpot花瓶Pairofhorse,brown棕色對馬15pes“chaozhou”teaservice15頭潮州茶具Sugarpot糖罐innerboxbubble氣泡袋Pollyfoampolybag膠袋Lampstand燈臺FoamedPlastic泡莫塑料Lampshade燈罩Candlestick燭臺其它Others陶瓷類型TypesofPottery碧玉細(xì)炻器jasper薄胎瓷thinchina彩陶器,釉陶faience陳設(shè)瓷,擺設(shè)瓷displaychina瓷porcelain,china(China?中國?來自?Chin??秦?,在英文中?中國?和?瓷?同一單詞)赤陶terracotta,terracotta,redearthenware代爾夫精陶delft德化陶瓷Te-huaporcelain,Dehuapottery高溫陶瓷refractorychina工業(yè)陶瓷industrialceramics工藝瓷,美術(shù)瓷,藝術(shù)瓷artporcelain,artandcraftchina,artpottery,artisticchina骨瓷bonechina官瓷mandarinporcelain光瓷lusterware黑色陶器basalt裂變瓷crackledporcelain斑點(diǎn)speck半透亮translucence,translucency,translucent不滲透的nonporous不透亮的opaque茶葉罐caddy單色的monochrome多色的polychrome高白highwhite,Gaobai工藝品artware鬼工，鬼爺神工demonswork,kueikung景德鎮(zhèn)Jingdexhen,Ching-te-chen景泰藍(lán)cloisonné絕緣子insulator考古學(xué)archaeology可塑的plastic流變學(xué)rheology琉璃瓦glazedtile模型、模特model模子mould耐熱heat-proof配方formula盆栽bonsai漆器lacquerwork器皿ware秦始皇陵兵馬俑life-sizeterra-cottasoldiersandhorsesinChintomb青銅器bronzework人類學(xué)antropology滲透的porous手印，指印fingermark絲網(wǎng)印刷silkscreenprinting四周體tetrahedral搪瓷，琺瑯enamel陶瓷的ceramic陶瓷專家，陶瓷藝術(shù)家ceramist陶工potter瓦tile碗bowl衛(wèi)生潔具sanitaryware溫度temperature硬度hardness釉工glazier圓塊，雕球，瘤knob磚brick陶瓷英語詞匯〔1〕stoneware:粗瓷dolomite：白云土terracotta:紅土construction/buildingmaterial:建白材料typeofglaze:matt:啞光transparent:透亮釉opaque:不透亮釉pigmented:色釉crackled:裂紋釉pearlized:珍寶釉underglazed:釉下彩on-glazed:釉上彩浮雕：relief,embossbisquefiring:素?zé)齡lostfiring:釉燒gild：鍍金decal：貼花trinketbox：首飾盒silkscreenprinting:絲網(wǎng)印素彩瓷plainporcelain高溫陶瓷refractorychina窯：kilntunnel:隧道窯印花：stamping陶earthenware陶瓷pottery無釉陶、陶瓷素?zé)鱞iscuit,unglazedware錫釉陶majolica工藝品artware鬼工，鬼爺神工demonswork,kueikung景德鎮(zhèn)Jingdexhen,Ching-te-chen景泰藍(lán)cloisonné絕緣子insulator考古學(xué)archaeology可塑的plastic流變學(xué)rheology琉璃瓦glazedtile模型、模特model模子mould耐熱heat-proof配方formula盆栽bonsai漆器lacquerwork器皿ware秦始皇陵兵馬俑life-sizeterra-cottasoldiersandhorsesinChintomb青銅器bronzework人類學(xué)antropology滲透的porous手印，指印fingermark絲網(wǎng)印刷silkscreenprinting四周體tetrahedral搪瓷，琺瑯enamel陶瓷的ceramic陶瓷專家，陶瓷藝術(shù)家ceramist陶工potter瓦tile碗bowl衛(wèi)生潔具sanitaryware溫度temperature硬度hardness釉工glazier圓塊，雕球，瘤knob磚brick細(xì)瓷finechina硬瓷hardporcelain赭色粘土陶器terrasigillata紫砂purplegranulated,purplesand,terra-cotta工藝技術(shù)Technology凹雕intaglio標(biāo)記marking玻璃化vitrify車削turning成型forming沖壓,沖壓花repousse瓷土加工clayprocessing雕刻carving浮雕relief隔焰窯muffle工藝技術(shù)technology硅氧鍵silicon-oxygenbond技藝technique,craft連續(xù)窯intermittentkiln澆鑄casting拉毛sgraffito連續(xù)窯continuouskiln鏤雕、鏤空piercing轆轤車jigger泥釉彩飾法trailing碾磨grinding拋光burnishing,polishing裂開chip嵌入inlay切刻incising篩子sieve燒制firing陶瓷科技ceramics陶輪potterswheel貼花、嵌花appliqué,decal凸雕，底切，拉底，底部掏槽undercut細(xì)裂紋craze性能property壓印impressing窯kiln印花stamping釉上彩overglazedcolorfigure釉下彩underglazedcolorfigure預(yù)加工pre-processing粘性，粘滯性viscosity,stiffness轉(zhuǎn)模片jiggeredpiece轉(zhuǎn)印transferprint裝飾décor,decoration其它Others斑點(diǎn)speck半透亮translucence,translucency,translucent不滲透的nonporous不透亮的opaque茶葉罐caddy單色的monochrome多色的polychrome高白highwhite,Gaobai陶瓷原料CeramicMaterialfeldsparpetunse,petuntse,petuntzeenamelpaint,enamellute高嶺土kaolin,chinaclay硅石,silica,SiO2cordierite莫來石,andalusite泥果,claybodyslip石灰,生石灰,lime,calciumoxide,CaOtinoxideglazerawmaterialmica皂石,steatite陶瓷類型TypesofPottery碧玉細(xì)炻器jasper薄胎瓷thinchina彩陶器,釉陶faience陳設(shè)瓷,擺設(shè)瓷displaychina瓷porcelain,china(China?中國?來自?Chin??秦?,在英文中?中國?和?瓷?同一單詞)赤陶terracotta,terracotta,redearthenware代爾夫精陶delft德化陶瓷Te-huaporcelain,Dehuapottery高溫陶瓷refractorychina工業(yè)陶瓷industrialceramics工藝瓷,美術(shù)瓷,藝術(shù)瓷artporcelain,artandcraftchina,artpottery,artisticchina骨瓷bonechina官瓷mandarinporcelain光瓷lusterware黑色陶器basalt裂變瓷crackledporcelain裂紋瓷crazedchina米色陶器creamware青瓷celadon青花瓷buleandwhiteporcelain輕質(zhì)瓷、輕瓷lightchina日用瓷householdchina,tableware軟瓷softporcelain殺菌陶瓷antisepticpottery繩紋陶器Jomonpottery施釉陶器slipware炻瓷stoneware素彩瓷plainporcelain陶瓷術(shù)語英語翻譯陶瓷原料CeramicMaterial白云土dolomitefeldsparpetunse,petuntse,petuntzeenamelpaint,enamellute高嶺土kaolin,chinaclay硅石,silica,SiO2cordierite莫來石,andalusite泥果,claybodyslip石灰,生石灰,lime,calciumoxide,CaOtinoxideglazerawmaterialmica皂石,steatite其它Others斑點(diǎn)speck半透亮translucence,translucency,translucent不滲透的nonporous不透亮的opaque茶葉罐caddy單色的monochrome鍍金gild多色的polychrome高白highwhite,Gaobai工藝品artware鬼工，鬼爺神工demonswork,kueikung建白材料construction/buildingmaterial景德鎮(zhèn)Jingdexhen,Ching-te-chen景泰藍(lán)cloisonné絕緣子insulator考古學(xué)archaeology可塑的plastic流變學(xué)rheology琉璃瓦glazedtile模型、模特model模子mould耐熱heat-proof配方formula盆栽bonsai漆器lacquerwork器皿ware秦始皇陵兵馬俑life-sizeterra-cottasoldiersandhorsesinChintomb青銅器bronzework人類學(xué)antropology滲透的porous手印，指印fingermark首飾盒jewelcase絲網(wǎng)印刷silkscreenprinting四周體tetrahedral搪瓷，琺瑯enamel陶瓷的ceramic陶瓷專家，陶瓷藝術(shù)家ceramist陶工potter瓦tile碗bowl衛(wèi)生潔具sanitaryware溫度temperature硬度hardness釉工glazier圓塊，雕球，瘤knob磚brick裂紋瓷crazedchina米色陶器creamware青瓷celadon青花瓷buleandwhiteporcelain輕質(zhì)瓷、輕瓷lightchina日用瓷householdchina,tableware軟瓷softporcelain殺菌陶瓷antisepticpottery繩紋陶器Jomonpottery施釉陶器slipware炻瓷stoneware素彩瓷plainporcelain陶earthenware陶瓷pottery無釉陶、陶瓷素?zé)鱞iscuit,unglazedware錫釉陶majolica細(xì)瓷finechina硬瓷hardporcelain赭色粘土陶器terrasigillata紫砂purplegranulated,purplesand,terra-cotta工藝技術(shù)Technology凹雕intaglio標(biāo)記marking玻璃化vitrify車削turning成型forming沖壓,沖壓花repousse瓷土加工clayprocessing雕刻carving浮雕relief隔焰窯muffle工藝技術(shù)technology硅氧鍵silicon-oxygenbond技藝technique,craft連續(xù)窯intermittentkiln澆鑄casting拉毛sgraffito連續(xù)窯continuouskiln鏤雕、鏤空piercing轆轤車jigger泥釉彩飾法trailing碾磨grinding拋光burnishing,polishing裂開chip嵌入inlay切刻incising篩子sieve燒制firing陶瓷科技ceramics陶輪potterswheel貼花、嵌花appliqué,decal凸雕，底切，拉底，底部掏槽undercut細(xì)裂紋craze性能property壓印impressing窯kiln印花stamping釉上彩overglazedcolorfigure釉下彩underglazedcolorfigure預(yù)加工pre-processing粘性，粘滯性viscosity,stiffness轉(zhuǎn)模片jiggeredpiece轉(zhuǎn)印transferprint裝飾décor,decoration陶瓷專業(yè)術(shù)語feldsparpetunse,petuntse,petuntzeenamelpaint,enamellute高嶺土kaolin,chinaclay硅石,silica,SiO2cordierite莫來石,andalusite泥果,claybodyslip石灰,生石灰,lime,calciumoxide,CaOtinoxideglazerawmaterialmica皂石,steatitedolomite：白云土terracotta:紅土construction/buildingmaterial:建白材料陶瓷質(zhì)地和類型Qualities&TypesofPotteryWhiteBody白胎碧玉細(xì)炻器jasper薄胎瓷thinchina/egg-shellporcelain彩陶器,釉陶faience陳設(shè)瓷,擺設(shè)瓷displaychina/ornamentalporcelain瓷porcelain,china(China?中國?來自?Chin??秦?,在英文中?中國?和?瓷?同一單詞)赤陶terracotta,terracotta,redearthenware代爾夫精陶delft德化陶瓷Te-huaporcelain,Dehuapottery高溫陶瓷refractorychinalow-firedporcelain工業(yè)陶瓷industrialceramics工藝瓷,美術(shù)瓷,藝術(shù)瓷artporcelain,artandcraftch