Verbal補(bǔ)充至70篇最終版

...wd......wd......wd...Communicationtechnologiesarefarfromequivalent.Arecentstudycomparinghonestyacrossarangeofdifferentmediarevealedthatpeopleweretwicelikelytotelllieswhenusingthephonethanwhencommunicatingviae-mail.Ithadpreviouslybeenassumedthatpeoplewouldbemoreinclinedtofabricatethetruthwhenusinge-mail,duetotheremotenessoftheinteractionmakingpeoplemorecomfortableaboutdeceivingothers.Onthecontrary,itseemsthatanxietyovertheaccountabilityaffordedbytherecordingofe-mailexchangesinducesgreatertruthfulness.However,theresearchalsonotedthatpeoplearemuchmorelikelytoberudeorinsultingovere-mail,outweighinganybenefitsofincreasedhonesty!Animplicationofthestudyisthatiftelephoneconversationsarerecordedandpeopleareawareofthisfact,theyarelikelytobemoretruthfuloverthephone.〔T〕Peopleareunconcernedabouttherepercussionofe;mailuntruths.〔F〕Ithadbeenassumedthatpeoplewouldcommunicatemorehonestlywhenusinge;mailthanwhenusingthetelephone.〔F〕Thereisoftenconsiderablescientificdisagreementbothaboutavailablereservesofnaturalresourcesandabouttheextentofenvironmentaldamagecausedbyparticularpollutants.Evenwherethescientificevidenceisincontrovertible.Theremaybepoliticalconflict,basedondifferentvestedinterests,overthedegreetowhichparticularenvironmentalcontrolsshouldbeaccepted.Governmentsmay,forexample,refrainfromintroducingeffectivecontroliftheyfearthesewilladverselyaffectcompanyprofitabilityorjobs,evenwheretheenvironmentalcostofnotintroducingcontrolsareconsiderable.自然資源的可用儲量和特定污染物造成的環(huán)境損害程度，往往存在相當(dāng)大的科學(xué)性意見。有許多科學(xué)，即使在科學(xué)證據(jù)是確鑿無疑的?？赡苡姓螞_突，根據(jù)不同的既得利益，在一定程度上，特別是環(huán)境控制上應(yīng)該被承受的問題。政府可能不采取有效的控制，例如，如果他們擔(dān)憂這些會帶來不利影響公司的盈利能力或工作，即使不引入控制的環(huán)境本錢是相當(dāng)大的。Thereisalwaysscientificdebatearoundthefactsregardingthereservesofnaturalresources.〔T〕Veryrarelyisthereconflictoverthedegreetowhichparticularenvironmentalcontrolsshouldbeaccepted.〔F〕Partieswithavestedinterestaremoreinfluencedbypoliticsthansciencewhendecidingwhethertoimplementenvironmentalcontrols.〔C〕3、Whilsthighvisibilitycrimesuchasnight-timedrunkendisturbancehasincreased,totalurbanandruralcrime,bothreportedandunreported,hasfallenoverthelasttwoyears,yetpeoplefeellesssafe,believingthattheconverseisthecase.Thisfallincrimehascoincidedwithadropinthenumberofpoliceofficeronthestreet.Acitizen’sfearofseemsnottobeamatterofrealityatall;thevisibilityoflawenforcementofficialshasagreaterimpactontheirviewofrealitythanhardfacts.同時高度引人注目的犯罪，比方夜間醉酒滋事比率上升，市區(qū)和鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)地區(qū)，已報道和未報道的總犯罪率在過去兩年內(nèi)都已經(jīng)下降，但人們依然感覺不安全，覺得犯罪率不降反升。犯罪率的下降恰好遇上了街道上警察數(shù)量的削減。市民的擔(dān)憂看來沒有必要；法律的執(zhí)行力和透明度對大家的觀點產(chǎn)生的影響要比事實更重要。<br>削減警察的數(shù)量導(dǎo)致犯罪率下降Reducingthenumberofpoliceofficerhasledtoareductionincrime.〔C〕Crimestatisticssupportpopularbeliefaboutthelevelofcrime.〔F〕<br>犯罪統(tǒng)計為犯罪程度的普遍觀點提供支撐數(shù)據(jù)Peoplefeelsaferwhentherearemorepoliceonthestreet.〔C〕4、Thereisnotaskmoredifficultthanthatofensuringtheeducationofchildreninmodern.Notonlyschool,butalsoteachersandtheirroleshavechangedoutofallrecognitioninthepastfewdecades,thankstotheimpactonteachinginstitutionsbyindoctrinating,andindoctrinated,reformistintellectualsbearingrevolutionaryideas.Totheperpetualindisciplineofyouthhasnowbeenaddedtheindisciplineofparents,manyofwhominterpretanyreportsofwrongdoinginschoolonthepartoftheiroffspringasapersonalaffront,orasthemanifestationofthemaliceofteachers.Asfortheteachersthemselves,whilstmanyarerespectableandlearnedmenandwomen,whoviewitastheirvocationtoinducttheirchargesintoacivilizationandawayofbehaving,othersattempttoinfluenceyouthmerelytofurthertheirpoliticalorideologicalends.在現(xiàn)代社會，沒有什么任務(wù)比保證孩子的教育更困難的了。這不僅是學(xué)校，連教師的角色也已經(jīng)在過去幾十年內(nèi)發(fā)生了認(rèn)知上的巨大變化。由于在師范學(xué)院被灌輸?shù)挠^點所影響，改進(jìn)派知識分子承受了很多變革性的理念。青少年的無紀(jì)律性現(xiàn)在轉(zhuǎn)移到了父母的無紀(jì)律性身上，很多父母都認(rèn)為教師所反映的他們孩子的過失行為是對家長的一種羞辱，或者認(rèn)為是教師心懷惡意的表現(xiàn)。對很多受人尊敬而且博學(xué)多識的男女教師本身而言，他們覺得引導(dǎo)學(xué)生端正行為，言傳身教是很輕松的事情，但是另外一些人卻試圖對學(xué)生施加影響以到達(dá)他們的政治和理想主義目的。一些教育系統(tǒng)的工作有自己的不成文的規(guī)則<br>改革派教師會試圖對學(xué)生施加影響以到達(dá)他們自己的政治目的<br>一些報告學(xué)生行為不端的教師這樣做是出于惡意而不是正當(dāng)理由。Someofthoseworkingineducationhavetheirownhiddenagendas.〔T〕Teacherwithrevolutionaryideaswillattempttoinfluencetheirpupilsfortheirownpoliticalends.〔C〕Someteacherswhoreportchildrenofwrongdoingdosobecauseofmalice,ratherthannaylegitimatereason.〔C〕5、Lastweek,thecompetitioncommissionoutlinedtwopackagestoregulatethesaleofextendedproductwarranties,whichproviderepair/replacementforfaultygoodsbeyondthemanufacturer’soriginalguarantee.Whilstwarrantysalesarecurrentlyhighlyprofitable,withsomeretailersattributingupto.oftheirprofitstothisincomestream,theyarealsocriticizedforofferingpoorvalueformoneyduetoobscureclauses,whichrestrictpaymentinmany,butthemostunlikelyclaimscenarios.Thefirstpackage-tobanretailerssellingafullwarrantyonthedayofpurchasewascondemnedbyallasdraconian-whilsttheother,rathermilder,optionofforcingretailerstoprovidefullinformationonwarrantyexclusionsandanobligatory60–day“cool-off〞periodforcustomers,receivedamorebalancedhearing.Becausenoonebelievesthatthefirstoptionwilleverbeimplemented,investorsandanalystshavefocusedmorecloselyontheimplicationofthe“milder〞package.Inarecentleakedresearchnote,oneanalystsuggestedthattheimplementationofthereforminthesecondpackagewouldplaceastaff-trainingburdenontheretailer,whichwouldleadtoasignificantincreaseinthecostofwarrantysales,andapredicted20%fallinactualsales.“Cool-off〞periodsarenotcurrentlyofferedbycompaniessellingproductwarranties.〔C〕Itislikelythatneitherpackagewillbeimplemented.〔C〕Preventingretailersfromsellingwarrantiesonthedayofpurchaseofaproductwasfelttobetooseverearestriction.〔T〕6、Allscientificknowledgeisprovisional.Everythingthatscienceknows,eventhemostmundanefactsandlong-establishedtheories,issubjecttore-examinationasnewinformationcomesin.thelatestdataandideasarescrutinizedthemost.Somerecantationswillbeunavoidable,butthisisnotaweaknessofscience,butratheritsstrength.Noendeavorrivalsscienceinitsincrementalprogresstowardsamorecompleteunderstandingoftheobservableuniverse.所有的科學(xué)知識都具有暫時性?？茖W(xué)所了解的任何東西，即使是常識和建設(shè)很久的理論都會在有新信息后再檢驗。最新的資料和想法會受到最細(xì)致的檢驗。一些論調(diào)的改變是不可防止的，但這并不是科學(xué)的缺點，而是長處。在科學(xué)中有一個與其競爭的對手有助于對客觀宇宙更好的理解。<br><br>科學(xué)在挑戰(zhàn)那些看上去成立的理論的根基上增進(jìn)認(rèn)知。(錯誤)<br>即使有成就的話一些科學(xué)常識也不能被改變。(錯誤)<br>不能被觀察到的的事物不能夠成為科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的一局部。(正確)Scienceimprovesunderstandingonthebasisofleavingunchallengedthosetheoriesthatappeartowork.〔F〕Somefactsinsciencecannotbechallengedifanyprogressistobemade.〔F〕Thatwhichisnotobservablecannotbepartofthedomainofscience.〔C〕7、TheStatuteonworkplacesafetyrequiresthatanemployershouldensure,sofarasisreasonablypracticable,thehealth,safetyandwelfareatworkofallfullandparttimeemployees,andalsothosenotindirectemploymentwhomaybeaffectedbyactsoromissionsatwork.However,itisalsothedutyofemployeestotakereasonablecarefortheirownhealthandsafetyandalsothatofotherpersonswhomaybeaffectedbytheiractsoromissionsatwork,forexamplebycomplyingwithallnoticesonhealthandsafetythatareposted.工作場合的安全條例要求雇主應(yīng)該采取合理可行地措施以確保所有全職和兼職雇員的安康，安全和福利，也包括那些不直承受雇于雇主但可能被相關(guān)工作影響到的人。<br>但是，上述員工，含不直承受雇于公司的員工，也有義務(wù)為自身的安全和安康采取必要措施，例如遵守張貼出來的安全和安康告示。<br><br>如果工作場合中的來訪者因為員工的疏忽而受傷，那么該員工可能負(fù)全責(zé)<br>雇主有責(zé)任保證其工廠參觀者的安全<br>員工對工作場合的安康和安全不用負(fù)責(zé)任。Ifaworkplacevisitorishurtduetoanactofnegligencebyanemployeethentheemployeemaybeheldsolelyresponsible.〔F〕Anemployerhasresponsibilityforthesafetyofvisitorstohisfactory.〔T〕Employeeshavenegligibleresponsibilityforworkplacehealthandsafety.〔F〕8、Today’shistoriansaimtoconstructarecordofhumanactivitiesandtousethisrecordtoachieveamoreprofoundunderstandingofhumanity.Thisconceptionoftheirtaskisquiterecent,datingfromthedevelopmentfrom18thandearly19thcenturiesofscientifichistory,andcultivatedlargelybyprofessionalhistorianswhoadoptedtheassumptionthatthestudyofnatural,inevitablehumanactivity.Beforethelate18thcentury,historywastaughtinvirtuallynoschools,anditdidnotattempttoprovideaninterpretationofhumanlifeasawhole.Thisismoreappropriatelythefunctionofreligion,ofphilosophy,orevenperhapsofpoetry.現(xiàn)今的歷史學(xué)家旨在通過構(gòu)造出一個人類活動的記錄并使用這個記錄來獲得對于人類更深刻的理解。他們這個任務(wù)的設(shè)想是近代才有的，可以追溯到18世紀(jì)和19世紀(jì)初科學(xué)歷史的開展，并在很大程度上是被那些承受對天生的，不可防止的人類活動的研究假設(shè)的職業(yè)歷史學(xué)家們培養(yǎng)出來的。在18世紀(jì)末期之前，幾乎沒有哪所學(xué)校教歷史，而歷史總的來說也并未試圖對人類生活做出解釋。它更恰當(dāng)?shù)墓δ芡诮?，哲學(xué)，甚至可能是詩歌的功能較為相近。Thatwhichconstitutesthestudyofhistoryhaschangedovertime.〔C〕Professionalhistoriansdidnotexistbefore18thcentury.〔C〕Inthe17thcentury,historywouldnothavebeenthoughtofasawayofunderstandinghumanity.〔T〕9、Whilsthavingsimilareffectsonemployees,theretendtobemajordifferencebetweenamergerandanacquisition.Inanacquisition,powerissubstantiallyassumedbythenewparentcompany.Changeisoftenswiftandbrutalastheacquirerimposesitsowncontrolsystemsandfinancialrestraints.Partiestoamergerarelikelytobeevenlymatchedintermsofsize,andthepowerandculturaldynamicsofthecombinationaremoreambiguous,integrationisamoredrawnoutprocess.Duringanacquisition,thereisoftenmoreovertconflictandresistanceandasenseofpowerlessness.Inmergers,becauseoftheprolongedperiodbetweentheinitialannouncementandfullintegration,uncertaintyandanxietycontinueforamuchlongertimeastheorganizationremainsinastateoflimbo.合并和收購有著較大的差異，但是對員工都有著相似的影響。對于收購來說，公司的權(quán)利根本上在總公司手里掌控著。當(dāng)收購者在被收購公司強(qiáng)行推行他的管理模式和實施金融約束，被收購公司通常會發(fā)生迅速而殘忍的改變。合并的公司在規(guī)?；蚴履芰ι峡赡芏际窍喈?dāng)?shù)模云髽I(yè)在合并過程中文化的動態(tài)會顯得比擬模糊。企業(yè)內(nèi)部的整合會花費較長的時間。在收購的過程中，經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)較明顯的爭端和阻力，以及無力的感覺。在合并的過程中，由于最初的聲明到最終的整合需要很長的時間，在企業(yè)處于不安定狀態(tài)時，員工的不確定性心理和焦慮感也會持續(xù)較長的時間。Theretendstobeamajorpowerdifferencebetweenpartiesinanacquisition.〔T〕Mergersandacquisitiontendtohavedistinctlydifferentimpactsonemployees.〔C〕Mergersyieldashorterperiodofanxietyanduncertaintyamongstemployees.〔F〕10、Managementis,ineffect,thecatalystthatisessentialforconvertingtheresourcesandrawmaterialinputsoftheoperationintovaluedoutputsand,intheprocess,ensuringthatstakeholderneedsaresatisfied.Managersrepresentthecriticalfactor,whicheconomistsrefertoas“enterprise〞,withoutwhichtheotherfactors(land,laborandcapital)cannotfunction.Managersareeffectivelythecustodiansoftheorganization’sresource,responsiblefordecidingwhattheresourcesshouldbeusedfor,howbesttousethem,andtowhichcustomerstheoutputsshouldbetargeted.實際上，管理是企業(yè)加工過程必不可少的催化劑，它將運作的資源及原料投入，再為企業(yè)產(chǎn)出價值，并滿足利益相關(guān)者的需求。管理者，也就是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家所說的“企業(yè)家〞，則是關(guān)鍵因素,沒有他，其他因素〔土地，勞力，資金)就無法運作。管理者是集體資源的有效管理員，負(fù)責(zé)資源的使用方向，使用效率，以及產(chǎn)出價值要針對的目標(biāo)客戶。<br><br>通過創(chuàng)造產(chǎn)出價值，利益相關(guān)者的需求得到了最大程度的滿足。〔錯誤〕<br>管理擔(dān)負(fù)著至少兩種不同的責(zé)任?！舱_〕<br>管理者必須能決定資源的最大使用效率?！舱_〕Stakeholderneedsarebestservedthroughthecreationofvaluedoutputs.(C)Managementhasatleasttwomajorbutdifferentresponsibilities.〔T〕Managersmustdecidehowbesttohandlealltheresourcesattheirdisposal.〔T〕11、Thereisnodoubtthatvegetarianfoodcanbehealthierthanatraditionaldiet–indeed,researchhasdemonstratedthatvegetariansarelesslikelytosufferfromheartdiseaseandobesitythanthosewhoeatmeat.Onelong-standingconcernaboutavegetarianlifestyleistheriskoffailingtotakeinenoughprotein.However,historicalcalculationsastotheamountofproteinneededforahealthylifestylehaverecentlybeenshowntooverestimatethequantitiesneeded,andifvegetarianselecttheirfoodcarefullytheyshouldbeabletomeettheirproteinneeds.毫無疑問，素食比傳統(tǒng)的飲食更加安康——研究確實證明了素食主義者罹患心臟疾病和肥胖的可能性比那些食肉的人要小。一個存在已久的擔(dān)憂是，素食主義的生活方式存在無法攝入足夠多的蛋白質(zhì)的風(fēng)險。然而基于歷史事實，對安康生活方式所需的蛋白質(zhì)量進(jìn)展的計算，近期說明高估了需求量，而且，如果素食主義者認(rèn)真選擇食物，他們的蛋白質(zhì)需求應(yīng)該可以滿足。<br><br>均衡的飲食更可能是為了加強(qiáng)安康，而非某些食物或被孤立的食物構(gòu)造?！睠〕<br>飲食中太多的蛋白質(zhì)會導(dǎo)致心臟疾病?！睠〕<br>隨著時間的推移，對組成安康均衡飲食的食物建議以及發(fā)生了變化?！睠〕Abalanceddietismorelikelytopromotehealththananyparticularfoodorfoodgroupinisolation.〔C〕Toomuchproteininthedietcanleadtoheartdisease.〔C〕Overtimetherecommendationsastowhatconstitutesahealthybalanceddiethavechanged.〔C〕12、Water,themostcommonliquidusedforcleaning,hasapropertycalledsurfacetension.Moleculesinthebodyofthewateraresurroundedbyothermolecules,butatthesurfacea“tension〞iscreatedasmoleculesareonlysurroundedbyothermoleculesonthewaterside.Thistensioninhibitsthecleaningprocess,asitslowsthewettingofsurfaceduetotensioncausingthewatertobeadup.Thisiswherewaterdropletsholdtheirshapeanddonotspread.Foreffectivecleaningtotakeplace“surfacetension〞mustbereducedsothatwatercanspread.Surfaceactiveagents,orsurfactants,arechemicals,whichareabletodothiseffectively.水是最常見的清洗用液體，具備一種叫外表張力的屬性。水體里的分子被其它分子包圍。由于水中的分子周圍只有分子，在水體外表表產(chǎn)生了一種張力。由于張力會導(dǎo)致水珠的產(chǎn)生，這種張力會減緩?fù)獗斫竦乃俣龋M(jìn)而抑制清潔過程。這就是為什么水珠會保持形狀而不擴(kuò)散開。為了有效清洗物品，必須減弱外表張力，讓水可以散開。外表活性介質(zhì)，也稱外表活性劑，就是起這個作用的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。<br>外表活性介質(zhì)或外表活性劑只用于清潔?！睠〕<br>水是唯一的清潔用液體?！睩〕<br>為了清潔外表，把外表活性化學(xué)物質(zhì)添加到水中后，就產(chǎn)生了外表張力?！睩〕<br>水分子阻礙清潔過程?！睺〕Surface-activeagents,orsurfactants,areonlyusedforcleaning.〔C〕Wateristheonlyknownliquidusedforcleaning.〔F〕Ifsurfactantchemicalsareaddedtowaterwhencleaningasurface,surfacetensionwilloccur.〔F〕Themoleculesonthewatersidehinderthecleaningprocess.〔F〕13、Thebiggestriskfacingtheworld’sinsurancecompaniesispossiblytherapidchangenowtakingplacewithintheirownranks.Sluggishgrowthincoremarketsandintensepricecompetition,coupledwithshiftingpatternsofcustomerdemandandtherisingcostoflosses,arethreateningtooverwhelmthosetooslowtoreact.全球保險公司面對的最大風(fēng)險可能是他們行業(yè)內(nèi)部排名正在發(fā)生的迅速變化。核心市場業(yè)務(wù)增長緩慢、價格競爭劇烈、加上顧客需求模式不斷變化，以及虧損本錢的增加，均對那些反響緩慢的公司構(gòu)成威脅。Insurancecompaniesareexperiencingaboomintheircoremarkets.〔F〕Insurancecompaniesarecompetingtoprovidebestpricestocustomers.〔C〕Insurancecompaniesarecopingwellwithincreasedpricecompetitionandrisinglosses.〔F〕14、Short-sightednessistoalargeextentinherited,itsincidencevariesfromonefamilytoanother.Thereasonbehindthelinkbetweenthecommonincidenceofshort-sightednessandhighintelligenceisunclear.Previousgenerationsthoughtthateyescouldbecomestrainedbyyearsspentporingoverbooks,butafewdecadesagothepopularmedicalviewwasthatShort-sightedpeoplegravitatedtowardsthelibrarybecausetheyfoundithardtoexcelatsports.Recentlytherehasbeenpartialsupportforatheorythathighintelligenceandshort-sightednessmay,infact,bepartofageneticpackage.近視在很大程度上是遺傳造成的，其發(fā)生率因家族而有所不同。近視與高智商之間相關(guān)性的背后原因仍不清楚。老一輩的人認(rèn)為，常年閱讀書本使眼睛疲勞，但是，近數(shù)十年流行的醫(yī)學(xué)觀點是，近視者之所以被圖書館所吸引，是因為他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己很難在體育上取勝。最近，有一個新理論或局部人支持，就是高智商與近視其實可能來自同一組基因。Thegeneticlinkbetweenintelligenceandshort-sightednesshasrecentlybeendisproven.〔F〕Peoplefromallfamiliesstandatanequalchanceofbeingshort-sighted.〔F〕Intelligenceistoalargeextentinherited.〔C〕15、Thecosmicmicrowavebackground(CMB)radiationistheafterglowfromtheBigBang,andweakasitmaybetoday,theseprimevalmicrowavesholdvaluableinformationaboutfundamentalpropertiesoftheearlyuniverse.Slightdifferences,oranisotropies,inthebrightnessandpolarizationoftheCMBrevealcluesaboutthenatureoftheprimevalplasma:thatthediscrepanciesexistatallshowsthattheplasmawasnotperfectlyuniform.ThevariationsinthebrightnessseenintheCMBreflectdifferencesinthedensityoftheprimordialplasma,whereastheanisotropicpolarizationrevealsinformationaboutthedynamicsoftheearlyuniverse,suchasthemovementofmaterialandthenumberofgravitationalwaves.TheCMB,however,isnottheonlysourceofpolarizedmicrowavesandthecosmologicalpolarizationmustthusbemeasuredatdifferentwavelengthssoastoisolatethemfromforegroundsignals.宇宙微波背景輻射是宇宙大爆炸的余暉。盡管這些原始微波現(xiàn)在很微弱，但它們?yōu)槿藗冄芯吭缙谟钪娴母緦傩蕴峁┝嗽S多有價值的信息。宇宙微波背景的亮度和極化的細(xì)微差異，也即各向異性，為人們研究原始等離子體的性質(zhì)提供了線索。所有宇宙微波背景的亮度和偏振都存在差異，說明等離子體不是完全一致的。宇宙微波背景亮度的差異提醒了原始等離子體的密度差異，而各向異性的偏振則提醒了早期宇宙的動態(tài)，比方物質(zhì)運動和引力波的數(shù)量。然而，宇宙微波背景不是偏振微波的唯一來源。所以，必須在不同波段測量宇宙偏振，以便把它們從前景信號中剝離開。<br>宇宙微波背景的各向異性只顯示原始等離子體不是一致的?！睩〕<br>必須在不同波段測量宇宙微波偏振，以便把前景和背景信號剝離開?！睺〕TheanisotropiesoftheCMBshowsolelythattheprimordialplasmawasnotuniform.〔F〕Thepolarizationofcosmicmicrowavesismeasuredatdifferentwavelengthsoastoseparatetheforegroundfromthebackgroundsignals.〔T〕Throughstudyingthecosmologicalmicrowaves,onemaylearnabouttheforcesofgravityintheearlyuniverse.〔C〕16、Internetexpertsarewarningofanewmultitudeofextremelydangerouscomputervirusesthathaverecentlybeencausingdevastationandcouldpotentiallycrippleentireglobalcomputersystems.Thesevirusescanreplicatethousandsofcopieswithinhoursandarecapableofextirpatingsecuritysoftwarethat,inturn,enableshackerstoappropriatecontrolofthemachines.Criminalgangscanthenestablishbankaccountsusingstolenidentities,sabotageacompany’scomputersystemandextortmoneyforitsrestoration,andsellcomputersthathavebeeninterferedwithontheblackmarket.Computerusersareoftenadvisedtorefrainfromopeningsuspiciousprogramattachedtotheemailsandtocontinuallyupdatetheirsecuritysoftware.網(wǎng)絡(luò)專家發(fā)出警告稱最近有一款新型多功能且極具破壞力的電腦病毒正在破壞我們的電腦系統(tǒng)，它甚至可能破壞全球的電腦系統(tǒng)。這些病毒可以破壞電腦里的安全軟件，在幾小時內(nèi)復(fù)制電腦數(shù)據(jù)，反過來，也可以幫助黑客控制電腦。犯罪團(tuán)伙還可以借此盜取銀行賬戶帳號，破壞公司電腦系統(tǒng)運作，再以恢復(fù)系統(tǒng)的名字進(jìn)展敲炸訛詐，然后把電腦賣到黑市去。電腦用戶通常被建議不要翻開郵件里可疑的附件，然后經(jīng)常要升級安全軟件。Internetexpertsareadvisingcomputeruserstoreplacetheirsoftwareiftheysuspectithasbeentamperedwith.〔C〕17、Formostpeople,anyreferencetohypnosisbringstomindimagesofindividualsinvolvedinamusing,andoftenoutofcharacter,behavior.However,hypnosisisalsoatopicofscientificresearch.Researchbyscientistsoverthelastfewdecadeshasrevealedwaysinwhichmemoryprocesses,andprocessesinvolvedinpainperceptioncanbechangedusinghypnosis.Ithasalsobeenfoundthathypnoticsuggestionscanregulateactivityinidentifiablesectionsofthebrainandcancontributetotheeffectivemanagementofcognitiveconflict.Findingsfromseveralrelatedbrainimagingstudies,forexample,havesuggestedthatpeopleunderhypnosiscabexhibitreducedlevelofbrainactivityinbothvisualareaandtheanteriorcingulatecortex.Disparateresearchhasalreadyestablishedtheroleofthesebrainstructuresinthemonitoringthecognitiveconflict.對大多數(shù)人來說，催眠給人的印象是使人喪失自主意愿，做出超乎尋常的行為。然而，催眠也是一項科學(xué)研究主題。近十幾年來的研究提醒了人記憶的形成方式，通過催眠可以改變痛覺記憶的形成。同時研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)催眠暗示可控制大腦的認(rèn)知區(qū)域的活動，對認(rèn)知沖突形成有效管理。通過對相關(guān)的腦部圖像進(jìn)展研究，人們也有所發(fā)現(xiàn)，比方人腦在催眠狀態(tài)下，視覺皮層和前扣帶皮層的活動都減少了。不同的研究已經(jīng)建設(shè)了腦構(gòu)造在監(jiān)視認(rèn)知沖突中的作用18、Workersarebecomingincreasinglyconcernedaboutcompanyrelocationduetoitsassociationwithemployeedistressandisolation,whichcanbecausedbyissuessuchasthemanagementofpropertytransitionsandlossofcommunityties.Furthermore,movinghomecanputastrainonworker’sfinancialresourcesandcloserelationships,especiallyforthoseworkingparentswhomayfeelguiltyaboutmovingchildrentonewschools.Regardlessofthedisruptioncreated,someindividualsareverywillingtorelocate,duetothepotentialforenhancedcareerprospectsandlong;termfinancialstability.雇員對公司搬遷新址愈加關(guān)注，因為財產(chǎn)交接收理和群體紐帶的缺失，會導(dǎo)致員工產(chǎn)生困擾和孤立感。而且，隨之而來的搬家，會使員工的經(jīng)濟(jì)來源和人脈關(guān)系受到限制，尤其是雙職父母會因為把孩子轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)到新學(xué)校而感到內(nèi)疚。如果不考慮這些干擾因素，一些單身人士是很樂意搬家的，因為會有潛在的升職空間和長期的經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定性<br><br>有些人會對搬家的后果產(chǎn)生內(nèi)疚<br>公司搬遷比例上升<br>換工作帶來的潛在收益被一些人認(rèn)為值得承受其帶來的痛苦和壓力。Somepeoplemayfeelguiltyabouttheconsequencesofrelocating.〔T〕Companyrelocationhasincreased.〔C〕Thepotentialbenefitsofjobrelocationareseen,bysome,tobeworththeassociateddistressandstrain.〔T〕19、Political,economicanddemographicdevelopmentsarecombiningtoincreasethewealthofindividualsleadingeconomies.Theseindividualstakeamuchmoreactiveroleinmanagingtheirpersonalfinancialaffairsandindetermininghowtheirassetsshouldbeinvestedfortheirlong-termbenefit.Asaresult,weareseeingtheemergenceofanewmarket,consistingofso-called“affluentindividuals〞.Thisstructuraltrendissettocontinueandwillprovidesignificantopportunitiesforfinancialservicesproviders.Thisbandofindividualshastraditionallybeendominatedbyoldmoneyinheritance,andthiswillremainafactor,buttheriseofnewaffluentmoneyisincreasingasindividualsbenefitfromhighersalariesandcompensationintheformofstockoptions.Thesenewaffluentindividualsarealsocreatingwealthassmallbusinessentrepreneurs.在經(jīng)濟(jì)先進(jìn)的國家，人們的財富隨著政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、人口的開展而增加。他們更加積極地管理其個人財務(wù)并決定他們的資產(chǎn)應(yīng)如何進(jìn)展投資以獲取長期利益。這造就了一個新市場的出現(xiàn)，而這個市場是有一群被稱為“小富翁〞的個人組成。此構(gòu)造趨勢將持續(xù)下去并為理財服務(wù)行業(yè)提供極大商機(jī)。這一群人在傳統(tǒng)上多是繼承上一代的財富，這仍將是一個要素，但是，由于個人自更高的薪金及股份認(rèn)購權(quán)形式的報酬組合中獲得收益，新創(chuàng)富財產(chǎn)正在增加。這些小富翁階層正以小企業(yè)家的身份創(chuàng)造財富。Affluentindividualswanttomanagetheirownassetsratherthanusefinancialserviceproviders.〔C〕Individualscannotbecome“affluent〞throughinheritingoldmoney.〔F〕Inheritedoldmoneywillbecompletelyreplacedbynewaffluentmoney.〔F〕20、AtthemomentofGTC,likeotherEuropeanproducers,isabletorelieveatleastsomeofitsover-capacitybyexporting,partlytoCentralAmerica.Adecadefromnow,thatregionwillbelargelyself-sufficientandtradewillbestartingtoflowtheotherway.However,forGTCinvestors,thecompany’srecentrestructurecouldheraldbettertimes.Thegroup’slackoffocusandlack;lustrereturnshavebeenmuchcriticizedoflate.20.在GTC的時候，一局部由歐洲生廠商出口到美國中部的產(chǎn)能過剩問題能夠得到緩解。從現(xiàn)在起之后的十年里，這個地區(qū)將會很大程度上自給自足，并且其貿(mào)易形式也會變?yōu)榱硪环N方式。然而對于GTC投資者來說，公司最近的重構(gòu)可能意味著更好時代的降臨。集團(tuán)對于焦點和出彩點的匱乏一直很被批評。<br><br>美國中部在未來將要對歐洲出口更少〔CF〕<br>美國中部的生產(chǎn)商會在歐洲找到一個完美的市場〔C〕<br>重構(gòu)會導(dǎo)致利潤的增加〔C〕CentralAmericawill,inthefuture,begintoexportlesstoEurope.〔F〕CentralAmericanproducerswillfindareadymarketfortheirproductsinEurope.〔C〕Restructuringgenerallyproducesanincreaseinprofitability.〔C〕21、Theincreasingfragilityoftheruraleconomywillbethebiggestchallengefacingcountrycommunitiesoverthenexttenyears.Agriculture,whichaccountsforaquarterofruraljob,isindecline.Tourismprovidesnomorethanhalfthisnumberofjob.Theruralmanufacturingsector,however,hasgrownoverlasttenyears.Despitethis,itstillemploysfewerthanoneintwentypeoplelivinginruralarea,andisthreatenedbycompaniesbasedinindustrialareas,whichbenefitfromaccesstoalargerskilledworkforceandbettertransportationnetworks.未來十年農(nóng)村社會面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)便是農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)日益脆弱。占據(jù)農(nóng)村工作四分之一的農(nóng)業(yè)正在下降。旅游業(yè)提供的工作崗位不超過農(nóng)業(yè)的一半。但是，農(nóng)村制造業(yè)在過去十年正在開展。盡管如此，農(nóng)村地區(qū)每二十人中從事農(nóng)村制造業(yè)的缺乏一人，而且還受到來自工業(yè)化地區(qū)公司的威脅。這些工業(yè)化地區(qū)的公司擁有大量有技術(shù)的勞工及更優(yōu)良的運輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)。Industriesbasedinruralareasbenefitfrombettertransportlinks.〔F〕Manufacturingprovidesthefewestjobsinthecountryside.〔C〕Themanufacturingsectorislikelytobethemainsourceofemploymentforruralworkersinthefuture.〔C〕Industriesbasedinruralareassufferfrompoorertransportlinks.〔T〕22、Inrecentyears,manyissueshavebeenconsideredwhenattemptingtoamelioratethewellbeingofpatientsandtheefficiencyofhospitaladministration.Patientshaveoftencomplainedaboutendlesswaitinglists,lowstandardsofcleanliness,poorhospitalfood,andunsatisfactorydoctor-patientcommunicationandnow,accordingtoanexpertfromaleadingimageconsultancy,doctors’dresscodesandtheirgeneralappearancemustcomeunderclosescrutiny.Ofhealthcareprofessionalshaveanunwashedappearance,dirtynailsorunkempthair,thisexudestheimpressionofrecklessness,wearingredremindspatientsofblood,andpowerdressingisdiscouragedbecausepatientsmayfeelunderminedandlessrelaxed.Althoughcampaigngroupsapproveofhealthcareprofessionalsleadingbyexamplewithhighstandardsofhygieneinhospitals,someindividualsarguethatthispotentialnewimagelegislationismerelyacaseofjumpingonthebandwagonofthecurrentmediatrendforhomeandlifestylemakeovers.22.在近些年里，在試圖提高病人的幸福感和強(qiáng)化醫(yī)院的管理的時候總是需要考慮的很多因素。病人經(jīng)常抱怨無止盡的排隊，不整潔的衛(wèi)生環(huán)境，糟糕的醫(yī)院食物和令人不滿的醫(yī)患交流，而現(xiàn)在根據(jù)某個一流的形象參謀專家所說，醫(yī)生的著裝標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和總體外形都要經(jīng)過仔細(xì)的審查。醫(yī)療保健從業(yè)者如果有不清潔的外貌，很臟的指甲，或者蓬亂的頭發(fā)，就會散發(fā)出一種輕率魯莽的形象，穿紅色衣服會讓病人想到血液，也不鼓勵顯貴穿著，因為這會使病人感覺受到?jīng)_擊和不夠放松。盡管有很多運動組織都贊同醫(yī)療保健從業(yè)者應(yīng)在醫(yī)院里用高衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來以身作則，但也有人認(rèn)為這潛在的新形象法規(guī)不過是又一個對如今的媒體開展趨勢和倡導(dǎo)改變生活方式的趕時髦的案例。有人認(rèn)為如今倡導(dǎo)改變生活方式的媒體開展趨勢是關(guān)心新法規(guī)形象的直接結(jié)果?！睩〕<br>新醫(yī)療法規(guī)說明，醫(yī)療保健從業(yè)者必須有干凈的手指甲。〔T〕<br>對醫(yī)療保健從業(yè)者來說，穿藍(lán)色的衣服比穿紅色的要更受人喜歡?！睠〕Individualshavearguedthatthecurrentmediatrendforlifestylemakeoverisdirectresultoftheconcernovertheimageofnewlegislations.〔F〕Newhospitallegislationstatesthathealthcareprofessionalsmusthavecleanfingernails.〔C〕Itisalwayspreferableforhealthcareprofessionalstowearblueinsteadofred.〔C〕23、Oneofthegreatparadoxesofentrepreneurshipisthatentrepreneursmustdevelopthecapacitytoengagetheurgentwiththeemergent.Routinepressuresforceustoallowtheurgenttodominateus,quarterlyreports,marketshare,andtangiblereturnoninvestmentbecomeparamountinthisparadox,emergent(strategic)issuesareoftenlost.Theurgentpresentsitselfintangibleshapeandform,whereastheemergentissubtlerinitsappearance.Entrepreneursneedtopre;senseemergentreality,thustheyrequiremorethanordinaryattentiveness.However,informationconsumestheattentionoftherecipient,andurgentinformationisbynaturemoredemandingofattentionthanemergent.Yetitisanawarenessoftheemergentthatfrequentlydistinguishesthesuccessfulleader,theindividualwhocanseethroughthereactivedemandsofday;to;dayurgencytoactrapidlyupontheemergenttrendsthat,ifcapitalizedupon,canensurecommercialtriumph.Onewayofensuringtimetoidentifytheemergentistomaketimeforreflectivemomentsinworklifeinordertorestorethequalityofattentivenessandseethroughthefogoftheimmediate.關(guān)于企業(yè)經(jīng)營，最大的矛盾之一是企業(yè)家必須具備立足現(xiàn)在，放眼長遠(yuǎn)的能力。常規(guī)壓力促使我們被眼前問題所左右，季度報告啦，市場份額啦，以及實際投資回報太過重要，以至于顧不上關(guān)注長遠(yuǎn)〔戰(zhàn)略性〕問題。眼前問題是實實在在明擺著的，而長遠(yuǎn)問題還沒出現(xiàn)呢。企業(yè)家需要能夠預(yù)感長遠(yuǎn)問題的存在，這就需要他們具備比常人更高的注意力。然而，信息會消耗承受者的注意力。而且，眼前問題在性質(zhì)上比長遠(yuǎn)問題更需要關(guān)注。然而，讓一個成功的領(lǐng)袖脫穎而出的品質(zhì)正是他對長遠(yuǎn)問題的關(guān)注。他可以越過日常事務(wù)的干擾，看到長遠(yuǎn)的開展趨勢，如果抓住這些趨勢，就可以保證商業(yè)上的成功。審時度勢的一個方法是在工作中保存一些反省的時間，以便讓注意力休養(yǎng)生息，看透眼前的迷霧。<br>捕捉長遠(yuǎn)開展趨勢比處理當(dāng)前問題容易?！睩〕<br>人們?nèi)菀妆谎矍皢栴}困住。〔T〕<br>為了處理眼前問題，人們?nèi)菀追潘蓪﹂L遠(yuǎn)戰(zhàn)略問題的關(guān)注。〔T〕Itiseasiertospotanemergenttrendthananurgentissue〔F〕Thepresenttendstobegovernedbytheimmediatedemands.〔T〕Itiseasytolosesightofthestrategicissuesgiventhedemandsthatimmediateissuesmake.〔T〕24、Somedoctorsclaimthatanyinformationreceivedfromapatientduringamedicalconsultationissubjectethicallytoabsoluteconfidentialityandcaninnocircumstanceberevealedwithoutthepatient’spermission.Withoutsucharule,theybelievethatpatientswouldnotsupplyalloftheinformationneededtotreatthem.Mosthowever,believethattheirobligationstosocietyoverridetheirobligationstotheirpatients;forexample,beingpreparedtoreporttothepoliceapatientwhopersistedindriving,despitetheexistenceofaconditionthatrenderedthemunsafe.Onereasonforsuchaconflictisthatwhilstcourtsrecognizetheconfidentialityofexchangebetweenlawyersandclients,thisisnotextendedtodoctorandpatients.一些醫(yī)生稱，受職業(yè)道德的約束，在會診期間得到的病人信息是絕對保密且未經(jīng)病人允許，任何情況下都絕對不允許對外泄露的。他們認(rèn)為如果沒有這個規(guī)定，病人不會向他們提供治療所需的全部信息。但是大多數(shù)醫(yī)生認(rèn)為對社會負(fù)責(zé)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)比對病人負(fù)責(zé)來的重要。比方，即便向警察揭露一個執(zhí)意要開車的病人可能會讓自己招致危險，但醫(yī)生們還是會揭露。造成這種沖突的原因是法庭只認(rèn)可律師與其客戶之間的機(jī)密性，而不認(rèn)可醫(yī)生與病人之間的。<br><br>醫(yī)生會向警察揭露存在安全隱患的病人<br><br>病人很少允許醫(yī)生與比人討論自己的病情<br><br>醫(yī)生支持有關(guān)病人信息保密性的職業(yè)規(guī)定Adoctorwouldreporttothepoliceapatientwhowasadangertoothers.〔C〕Patientsrarelygivepermissionforadoctortodiscusstheirmedicaldetailswithothers.(C)Doctorsareinagreementabouttheethicsandpracticeofpatientconfidentiality.(F)25、Privateairlinecompanieshavealwaysbeendeterminedtooperateatransportsystemthatissafeforpassengers,whilststillremainingcompetitivelypricedandcommerciallyviable.However,aprivatesectorbusinesscanonlyremainviableifitgeneratesprofitsforitsshareholders.RecentreportssuggestthatifallaircraftswerefittedwithmilitaryderivedGround-to-airmissiledefensesystem,andatallairportstherewasinfalliblescreeningforweaponsandexplosivesthenthesystemwouldbemuchsafer.However,totallyeffectivescreeningwouldprecludeallpossibilityofprofit,andcurrentsystemsarestillverythorough,whilstalsoprovidingagoodcost;benefitratio.25.私人航空公司總是在下決心要為乘客們運行一個安全的交通系統(tǒng)，同時又具有競爭力的價格和商業(yè)利益。然而，私營企業(yè)如果要為其股東們創(chuàng)造收益的話，往往只能剩下利益。最近的報告顯示，如果所有的飛機(jī)都安裝軍用驅(qū)動的地對空導(dǎo)彈防御系統(tǒng)，并且所有機(jī)場都具有萬無一失的對槍支彈藥的安檢，那么這個系統(tǒng)就會安全得多。但是完全有效的安檢只會阻斷利益，而且現(xiàn)行的系統(tǒng)還是比擬完善的，同時還能產(chǎn)生比擬好的本錢效益。<br>軍用飛機(jī)比商用飛機(jī)更安全?！睠〕<br>已經(jīng)能夠獲得比現(xiàn)行所使用的更有效的航空安全系統(tǒng)。〔T〕<br>現(xiàn)行的航空安全系統(tǒng)能夠提供本錢與利益的最正確組合。〔C〕Militaryaircraft