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安徽省馬鞍山市雨山區(qū)2023年考研《英語一》高分沖刺試題SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)ThebusisgoingtobeatthestationintenminutesandIhavetomakeitthistime.As1asanewmomcould,IpushedAidan'sarmsandlegsinhissnowsuitand2outoftheclassroom,downtothestreetcorner,myscarf3behindme.Itwasclose,butbecausetheicehadalreadymeltedonthesidewalk,I4tothebusstop,5formingbeneathmywoolhat.Slowingdown,catchingmy6,IwheeledAidantothecornerandstoppedbeneaththe7forBus134.Secondslater,thehugewhitebus8infrontofus.Thedriverkindlyhelpedus9andIsatoppositethebackdoors,10mynowsleepingbaby.Itwasfivemonthssinceourfamilyhadmovedand11ourcar.LivinginacityasbigandlivelyasBostonnotonlykeptus12,butalsokeptuswatchingour13.MovingfromFairbanks,Alaska,withanewbaby,weknewweneededto14onourexpensesinorderto15forhiscollegefunds,ourretirementfunds,andtobeabletoeatagooddinneronceinawhile.Wedidn'trealizethatparingdown(削減)wouldnotonlydeposit16moneyinthebank,butalso17ourhealthandtheenvironment.I'dalreadyreducedmypregnancy18duetoallthewalking.Lookingupatthe19Bostonsky,Ifeltgoodaboutnotpollutingtheenvironment.Financialworriesexist,buttheydon't20us.Bus134does.Andourfeettoo,ofcourse.1、A.quickly B.madly C.casually D.nervously2、A.held B.came C.rushed D.dived3、A.losing B.flying C.hanging D.jumping4、A.wandered B.stepped C.slid D.jogged5、A.ice B.sweat C.mist D.wind6、A.breath B.cold C.bus D.attention7、A.stop B.sky C.sign D.shelter8、A.parked B.waited C.paused D.stopped9、A.aboard B.abroad C.off D.out10、A.rubbing B.amusing C.admiring D.looking11、A.sold B.bought C.rented D.broke12、A.free B.busy C.easy D.loose13、A.baby B.house C.business D.wallet14、A.holdup B.cutdown C.putaway D.setaside15、A.cover B.meet C.pay D.save16、A.more B.less C.extra D.enough17、A.protect B.strengthen C.improve D.increase18、A.reaction B.weight C.emotion D.fitness19、A.vast B.grey C.cold D.bright20、A.make B.force C.drive D.abandonSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Foreightyears,AmericanAlexHonnolddreamedaboutclimbingElCapitaninYosemiteNationalParkwithoutanysafetyequipment.ButwheneverHonnoldwenttotheparkandlookedupatElCapitan,hebecamefrightened.ThatchangedlastSaturday.Honnold,aworld-classrockclimber,reachedthetopofthegreatrockwallinaboutfourhours.Heusedonlyhishandsandfeet.Heisthefirstpersonevertoclimbthe914-meterhighgranitewallaloneandwithoutropesorsafetyequipmenttocatchhimifhefell.Honnoldbeganpreparingforhishistoricclimbtwoyearsago.HeclimbedElCapitanwhilewearingsafetyequipmentcountlesstimes.Hetriedtomemorizeeveryholehehadtoholdandthepositionsofhisbody.Herepeatedtheclimbagainandagain,untilhefeltsureenoughtotrytheso-called“freesolo”climb.Themostdifficultpartofthetripisabout700metersofftheground.Atthatpoint,theverysmallholdsintherockareonlybigenoughforathumbtofit.ButHonnoldsaidtheclimbwasmorementallydifficultthanphysicallydifficult.“EachyearIwouldshowupanditwouldseemjustmuchtoodaunting,”hesaid.ObserverssayHonnold’sclimbhaspushedthelimitsinasportthatrequiresahighlevelofphysicalability,risk-takingandmentalstrength.TheclimbupElCapitanoncetookclimbersseveraldaystocompletewiththeaidofropes,safetyequipmentandapartner.Butinthepast20years,speedclimbersworkingwithapartnerandusingropeshavesetrecordsinreachingthetop.InJanuary2015,TommyCaldwellandKevinJorgesonbecamethefirstto“freeclimb”theDawnWall,averysteepclimbtothetopofElCapitan,Theyusedropesonlytocatchthemiftheyfell.Theyreachedthetopin19days.Honnoldhasanextremeabilitytocontrolfearandhisbodyforalongperiodoftime.1、What’sthemostdifficultpartofHonnold’sfree-soloclimbaccordingtohimself?A.Mentaldifficulty.B.Physicaldifficulty.C.Nosafetyequipmentandnopartner.D.Theverysmallholdsabout700metersofftheground.2、Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“daunting”inParagraph4?A.impressiveB.attractiveC.highD.frightening3、WhatdidobserversthinkofHonnold’sclimb?A.Theysanghighpraiseofit.B.Theythoughtitwasmeaningless.C.Theycriticizedhimforitsdanger.D.Theythoughtittooktoomuchtime.4、Whatisthebesttitleforthistext?A.ElCapitanisConqueredbyHumanbeingB.ClimberReachestheTopofElCapitanWithoutRopesC.ClimberOvercomesHisFeartoLandonElCapitanD.NoOneDarestheBare-handedClimbingExceptHonnoldText2Mostgroupsofplantsandanimalsarericherinspeciesandmoreplentifulneartheequator.Intheocean,thatholdstrueforcold-bloodedpredators(掠食者).Butwarm-bloodedpredatorsaremorediversetowardthepolesandnoticeablymissingfromseveralwarmhotspots.Why?JohnGrady,anecologist,andhisteamconsideredthepossibility—warm-bloodedanimalsneedalottofueltheirmetabolism(新陳代謝).Perhapscolderwatersarejustricherinsmallfish?Buttheyfoundthatathigher,colderplaces,thereisn’tactuallymuchmorefoodaround.It’smorethatwarm-bloodedanimalsareeatingamuchbiggershareofitthantheircold-bloodedcompetitors.Therealexplanationissimple.Ananimal’sspeed,swiftness,andintelligencedependonitsmetabolism,whichinturndependsonitstemperature.Sincebirdsandmammalscankeepheatingtheirbodiesinicyconditions,theyremainfastandattentive.Bycontrast,thefishtheyhuntbecomeslowerandduller.Atsometippingpointoftemperature,seals,dolphins,andpenguinsstartoutswimmingtheirprey(獵物).Theybecomemorelikelytocomeupontargetsandoutpacethecold-bloodedpredatorsoftheirown.InGrady’swords,“Warm-bodiedpredatorsarefavouredwherepreysareslow,stupidandcold.”That’swhysharksandotherpredatoryfishdominateneartheequator,butcolderwatersarethekingdomofwhalesandseals.Bykeepingfoodtothemselvesinthepoles,thesecreaturescanthenspecializeonspecifictypesofprey,whichmakesthemmorelikelytosplitintoseparatespecies.ThekillerwhalesoftheNorthPacific,forexample,includemammal-eatingtransientsandfish-eating,year-roundresidents.Buttheworldischanging.It’slikelythatthesurfaceoftheoceanswillwarmby2to3℃withinthiscentury.Grady’steamestimatesthateverytimetheocean’ssurfacewarmsby1℃,populationsofseamammalswillfallby12%,andpopulationsofsealsandsealionswillfallby24%.But“predictionsarehard,”DonnaHauserfromtheUniversityofAlaskaFairbanksnotes.“Polarbearsarelosersofawarmingworld,butsomepopulationsarestilldoingwell.Somegroupsofwhaleshavechangedthetimingoftheirmigrations;othersarehuntingindeeper,colderwaters.Thesechangesmightmakeseamammalsmoreadaptabletochangingclimates.Maybetheyjustneedtofindtheplaceswherefishremainslow,stupidandcold.”1、Whyaretheremoretypesofwarm-bloodedpredatorsnearthepoles?A.Becausethereismorefood.B.Becausetherearefewerenemies.C.Becausetheyarefasterandwiser.D.Becausetheyconsumelessenergy.2、Theauthormentionsthekillerwhalestoshow______.A.thebenefitofbiologicalevolutionB.foodpreferenceofdifferentseamammalsC.thedistinctionofspecifictypesofpredatorsD.theadvantageofconstantbodytemperature3、WhatisDonnaHauser’sattitudetowardsthefutureoftheseamammals?A.Positive. B.Negative.C.Neutral. D.Sceptical.4、Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ArethePolesHeavenforSeaPredators?B.HowDoSeaMammalsTrackTheirPrey?C.WhyDotheWarm-BloodedLikeFoodCold?D.IstheWorldTooHotfortheWarm-Blooded?Text3StudentphotographerMadelineMoraleshashadexperiencesmost15year-oldshavenot.Attheageof15,shedevelopedcancerandhadtogothroughchemotherapy(化療).Buttodaywillbeauniquekindofexperience—somethingmostpeoplewillneverhave.“Itmakesmefeelexcited,alittlebitnervous,”saidMorales,whosephotoswereondisplayatagalleryshowinLosAngeles.Theseimagesreflectherjourneywhilebattlingcancer.Shetriedtolookatthingswithalotoflight,alotofwhatdrawshertopositivityandsomethingthatmeansloveorhappiness.“Ithinkphotographyhasreallyhelpedmealottostaypositiveandbemotivatedtokeepfightingthisdisease.”Moralesisoneof23studentssharingtheirexperienceswithcancerthroughphotosatthisgallery.TheyaregraduatesofthePABLOVEfoundation’sSHUTTERBUGSadvancedphotographyclass.Thefoundationaimstoimprovethelivesofchildrenlivingwiththediseasethroughitsphotographyprogram.Italsoprovidesmoneyforunderfundedcancerresearch.Incomesfromsalesoftheseprintswillgotowardcancerresearchprograms.ThePABLOVEprogramoffersclassesineightcitiesacrosstheUnitedStates.“Beingintheseclasseswithotherpeoplewhounderstandtheirexperiencehasbeenreallybeneficial,andithasreallymadethemfeelalotmorecomfortableinwhatthey’vebeenthrough,”saidAshleyBlakeney,programmanagerofPABLOVESHUTTERBUBS.Shesaidthephotographyclassesgivestudentslivingwithcancerasenseofcommunityatatimewhentheyoftenfeelisolatedintheirexperience.Withphotographymanyyoungstudentsgainanidentitythatisnotcontrolledbycancer.“There’smoretousthanjusthavingcancer.Wewantpeopletoseewhatweseeevenifit’sthroughthelens(鏡頭).”saysLuckmanwhowasdiagnosedwithcancerwhenhewas10yearsold.“Photographyhasgivenmeasmallchancetoactuallyassistintheworldabit.I’dlovetoexpressmystoryandallowittohopefullyreachotherkidssotheycanunderstandhowtodealwithithopefully.1、WhichofthefollowingistrueofMadelineMorals?A.Shehassufferedfromcancerfor15years.B.Shehashadafullrecoveryfromcancer.C.Shehasapositiveattitudetowardslife.D.Sheusesherphotostorecordhersuffering.2、ThePABLOVEFoundationwascreatedspeciallyfor________.A.homelesspeople B.photography-loversC.researcheroncancer D.childrenwithcancer3、WhatisthemainideaofParagraph4?A.Thepopularityoftheprogram.B.Thegreatsignificanceofthisprogram.C.ThecontributionsofAshley.D.Thefutureplanoftheprogram.4、Theunderlinedword“isolated”canbebestreplacedby________.A.lonely B.painfulC.grateful D.positive5、AccordingtoLukman,howcanphotographyclassbenefitchildrenwithcancer?A.Bygivingthemanidentitycard.B.Byofferingachancetohelpothers.C.Bygettingtheircancercured.D.Byofferingawaytomakemoney.Text4ManyofushavewonderedwhatEarthislikebeneaththesurface.Sohavewritersandscientists.InFrenchnovelistJulesVerne’smasterpieceJourneytotheCenteroftheEarth,explorersgodowntoEarth’scenteranddiscoveramazingwonders.Butinreallife,humanbeingshaven’tevencomeclosetotheplanet’score(核心).Thecoreisover6,000kmdown.Thedeepestholeevercreated,accordingtotheBBC,istheKolaSuperdeepBoreholeinRussia,whichonlygoes12.3kmdown.Sohowdoweknowabouteverythingdownbelowwithoutanysamples?OnegoodwaytostartistothinkabouttheEarth’sdensity(密度),SimonRedfernoftheUniversityofCambridgeintheUKtoldtheBBC.“ThedensityofthematerialonEarth’ssurfaceismuchlowerthantheaveragedensityofthewholeEarth,sothattellsusthere’ssomethingthathasgreaterdensity,”Redfernsaid.Thechallengeistofindoutwhichheavymaterialsthecoreismadeof.Andthemainmaterialscientistshavefoundisiron.TheideaisthatwhenEarthformed4.5billionyearsago,alotofironmadeitswaydowntothecore,takingupabout80percentofit.Todayscientistsarestillworkingonfindingoutwhichothermaterialsthecorecouldbemadeupof.Youmightalsowonderhowweknowthesizeofthecore.There’saone-wordanswer:seismology(地震學).Whenanearthquakehappens,seismicstationsaroundtheworldrecordtheshockwavesitsendsthroughouttheplanet.It’slikehittingonesideoftheplanetwithahugehammerandlisteningontheothersideforthenoise.Earlyresearchfoundthatsomeshockwaves,called“S-waves”,wentmissing.S-wavescanonlytravelthroughsolidmaterial,butnotthroughliquid,sotheymusthavefoundsomethingmolteninEarth’scenter.ByfollowingtheS-waves’paths,scientistsfoundoutthatrocksbecameliquidaround3,000kmdown.TherearestillmanyquestionsabouttheEarth’scoretoanswer.Butthestudyofthedarkworldbelowisn’tjustforscientists’curiosity.ThemovementofEarth’smoltenironcorebuildsupapowerfulmagnetic(有磁力的)field.ItprotectsusfromradiationfromthesunandisneededforcompassesandGPSsystemstowork.Soperhapsnoneofuswilleverseteyesonthecore,butit’sgoodtoknowit’sthere.1、TheauthormentionsJulesVerne’snovelJourneytotheCenteroftheEarthinthefirstparagraphto.A.discussthepossibilityofgoingdowntoEarth’scenterB.showhowmuchhumanshavediscoveredaboutEarthC.paintapictureinourimaginationofthedarkworldbelowD.showhumans’deepinterestinEarth’scenter2、Wecanlearnfromthearticlethat“S-waves”.A.areoftenusedtopredictearthquakesB.cannottravelthroughliquidmaterialC.arethemostnoticeableshockwavesproducedbyearthquakesD.cantravelmostrapidlyat3,000kilometersbelowEarth’ssurface3、Wecaninferfromthelastthreeparagraphsthat.A.researchintoEarth’scorehashardlymadeanyprogressinrecentyearsB.improvementsinGPSsystemscouldhelppeoplefindoutmoreaboutEarthC.Earth’scorehelpstoprotecthumansfromharmD.scientistsarelikelytoreachEarth’scenterwithindozensofyearsPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)OfthemanyfactorsthatcontributetopoorperformanceonstandardizedtestsliketheSAT,nervesandexhaustion,surprisingly,1.notrankveryhighInfact,accordingtoanewpaperpublishedinJournalofExperimentalPsychology,alittleanxiety–nottomentionfatigue–mightactuallybeaverygoodthingThestudywasconductedbypsychologyprofessorsPhillipAckermanandRuthKanferTheyrecruited239collegefreshmen,each2.(agree)totakethreedifferentversionsoftheSATreasoningtest3.(give)onthreeconsecutiveSaturdaymorningsThetestswouldtakethree-and-a-halfhours,four-and-a-halfhoursandfive-and-a-half-hours,andwouldbeadministeredinarandomordertoeachofthestudents4.(boost)thestresslevelinthestudents–whohadalreadytakentheSATinthepastandgottenintocollege–AckermanandKanferofferedacashbonustoanyvolunteerswho5.(beat)theirhigh-schoolscore6.thetestbeganoneachofthethreeSaturdays,thestudentsfilledoutaquestionnairethataskedthemabouttheirfatiguelevel,moodandconfidenceTheycompletedthequestionnaireagainatabreakinthemiddleofthetestandoncemoreattheendTogether,alloftheseprovidedasortoffeverchartofthestudents’energyandanxiety7.theexperienceWhentheresearchersscoredtheresults,itcameasnosurprisethatvolunteers’fatigueandstressrosesteadily8.thetestgotlonger9.wasunexpectedwastheircorrespondingperformance:asthelengthofthetestincreased,so10.thestudents’scoresTheaveragescoreonthethree-and-a-half-hourtestwas1209outof11.Onthefour-and-a-half-hourversionitwas1222;onthefive-and-a-half-hourtestitwas12.Inhumanhistory,manyancientandsplendidcivilizationsweredevelopedanddiedChinaistheonlycountry1.uninterruptedhumancivilizationChinesecivilizationoriginatedontheshoresoftheYellowRiverAndtherichland2.ChinesecivilizationbeganisHenanProvinceTheYellowRivergoesacross3.(center)HenanItisChina’smainnorth-to-southandeast-to-westartery(干線)China’smostancient4.(lead),theYellowEmperorandtheYanEmperor,5.(bear)hereEventoday,Chinesepeopleallovertheworldstill6.(proud)callthemselvesthechildrenofthesetwoemperorsTheriverholds7.unshakablepositionintheheartofeveryChinese,8.(respect)byeverygenerationandcalled“theMotherRiver”Withintelligence,hardworkanddetermination,Chinesepeopletrytoachieveco-existenceandcommonsuccessonthislandThe5,464-km-longYellowRiverbreaksthelastbarrierandflowsintothebroadplain,9.(form)thecradleofChinesecivilizationTillnow,theYellowRiverhasraised13dynasties’capitalLuoyang,8dynasties’capitalKaifengandthebiggesteconomiccenterin10.(it)area—ZhengzhouSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Whatdotheyreallymean?Foodmanufacturersandretailersarelettingshoppersdown.ThistheviewoftheCWS,whichhasjustbroughtoutanewreport.Accordingtothereport,shoppersbelievefoodlabels(標簽)becausetheythinktherearestrictregulationsinplace.1、.Sothefoodindustrycangetawaywithallsortsoftrickystrategiestomakeproductslookbiggerandsoundbetterthantheyare.Thereporthasidentifiedthedifferentwaysinwhichshoppersaremisled.2、.Descriptionsonpackagingaresometimesinaccurateinanattempttooverselltheproduct.Oneexamplegiveninthereportisthephrase“haddockfillets”,usedforaproductthatisinfactcutfrombigblocksoffishratherthanindividualslices.3、.Theseinclude“traditional”,“wholesome”,or“premium”.Theclaimthatabrandis“90%fat-free”hidesthefactthatitcontains10%fat,whichaboverecommendedlevels.Phrasessuchas“freefrompreservatives”makeavirtueoutofanormalattributeoffood.Labelshaveawidevarietyoftextsizesonthem.Yousometimesneedamagnifyingglass(放大鏡)toreadthesmallprint.4、.Anotherdeliberatetypeofmisinformationliesintheimage.Manypicturesonpacketsusesmallplatestomaketheproductlookbigger.5、.However,misleadingmessagesonpackagingcouldsoonbeathingofthepast.TheCWSrecentlyproducedacodewhich,ifused,wouldendthecurrentinaccuraciesandhalftruths.Ithascalledonthegovernmenttosupportitasawayofimprovingfoodstandards.A.Meaninglessadjectivesareoftenusedtogiveapositivemessage.B.Anofficersaysthelabelswillreceiveveryseriousconsideration.C.Photographsaresometimesretouched(修飾)toachievethesameeffect.D.Bycontrast,thehardsell(強行推銷)informationisgivenemphasis.E.Therulesare,inreality,veryweakatpresent.F.Thisresulthasnotpleasedthefoodindustry.G.Themostcommonofthe
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