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ReadingStrategyDuan

LifuReadingStrategyContentsBackground

InformationFour

Reading

ModelsThree

Kinds

of

Reading

StrategiesReading

ProcessPritchard

(1990)

defines

a

strategy

as

a

deliberate

actionthat

readers

take

voluntarily

to

develop

anunderstandingof

what

they

read.Kellerman

(1983)

defines

a

strategy

as

a

“well

organizedapproach

to

aproblem”.Olshavsky

(1977)

claims

that

a

strategy

is

a

purposefulmeans

of

comprehending

the

author’smessage.ReadingStrategy1.

1

What

is

readingstrategy?1.2

The

importance

of

using

strategyReadingStrategyIf

a

reader

knows

how,

when

and

where

to

use

anappropriate

strategy,

this

would

help

him

toimprovereading

comprehension.

Strategies

aid

readers

to

processthe

text

actively,

to

monitortheir comprehension

and

toconnect

what

they

are

reading

to

their

own

knowledge

andto

other

parts

of

thetext.2.

Four

Reading

ModelsReadingStrategyThe

reading

model

has

gone

through

threestages.Bottom-up

reading

modelTop-downreading

model.Interactive

reading

model

(interaction

of

bottom-upreading

model

and

top-downreadingmodel).The

schema

theory2.1

The

bottom-up

processingReadingStrategyBottom-up

model

means

that

the

reader

constructs

the

textfrom

smallest

unit

(letter

to

words

to

phrases

tosentence,etc)

and

that

the

process

of

constructing

the

text

fromthose

small

units

becomes

so

automatic

that

readers

arenot

aware

of

how

if

operates.

(Eskey,

1988)This

can

happen

if

our

world

knowledge

isinadequate,or

if

the

writer’s

point

of

view

is

very

different

from

ourown.

In

that

case,

we

must

scrutinize

the

vocabulary

andsyntax

to

make

sure

we

have

grasped

the

plainsensecorrectly.

Thusbottom-up

processingcan

be

used

as

acorrective

to

“tunnel

vision

(seeing

things

only

from

ourown

limited

point

of

view)”.ReadingStrategy2.2

The

top-down

processingReadingStrategyThe

top-down

model

is

that

readers

bringa

great

deal

ofknowledge,

expectations,

assumptions

and

questions

tothe

text

and,

give

a

basic

understanding

of

thevocabulary;

they

continue

to

read

as

long

as

the

textconfirms

their

expectations.

(Goodman,

1967)We

make

conscious

use

of

it

when

we

try

to

see

theoverallpurpose

of

the

text,

or

get

a

rough

idea

of

the

pattern

ofthewriter’s

argument,

in

order

to

make

a

reasoned

guess

at

thenext

step

(based

on

the

schema

we

have

acquired

).Wemight

compare

this

approach

to

an

eagle’s

eye.ReadingStrategy2.3

The

interaction

of

bottom-upReadingStrategyand

top-down

processingThe

former

neglects

the

fact

that

reading

is

anactivecomprehensive

process,

while

the

later

neglects

thefastand

exact

recognition

of

the

lower

level

information

suchas

letters,

vocabulary,

grammar

forms.Reader

may

shift

from

one

focus

to

another,

adopting

atop-down

approach

to

predict

the

probable

meaning,

thenmoving

from

the

bottom-upapproachtocheck

whetherthat

is

really

what

the

writer

says.

It

is knownasinteractive

reading.2.4

The

schema

theorySchema

theory

is

one

of

the

most

important

theories

in

thestudy

of

reading

comprehension.

According

toschematheory,

all

knowledge

is

packaged

into

units.

These

units

are

schemata.

Schema

theory

also

holds

the

view

thatcomprehending

a

text

is

an

interactive

process

between

thereader’s

background

knowledge

and

the

text.Efficientreading

requires

the

ability

to

relate

the

textual

material

toone’s

own

knowledge.

The

reader’s

schemata

assist

him

tomake

assumptions

about

the

meaning

of

the

incomingtext.Meanwhile,

the

reader

makes

confirmations,

rejections

andmediations

with

more

information

coming

out

from

the

text.ReadingStrategy3.

Three

kinds

of

reading

strategiesReadingStrategyReadingStrategyReadingStrategyDirect

StrategiesReadingStrategyMemorymemoryReadingStrategyCognitivecompensationReadingStrategyIndirect

StrategiesMetacognitiveReadingStrategyAffectiveReadingStrategyReadingStrategySocialReadingStrategy4.1Before-readingStrategiesReadingStrategy(1)

Deciding

the

readingpurposeGenerally

speaking,

there

are

mainly

three

readingpurposes:For

pleasure:

ignore

the

most

significant

learningprocess–thinking.For

information:

the

content

is

of

the

utmostimportancewhile

difficult

language

points

are

deliberately

avoidedFor

language:

more

likely

to

obstructed

bytrifleachievement.Selecting

reading

materialReaders

should

select

suitable

materials

so

that

they

do

nothave

rely

on

dictionary

excessively.

If

the

readers

usedictionary

too

frequently,

the

reading

consistency

will

bebroken

up.

Generally

speaking,

if

the

new

words

accountfor

less

than

5%

of

the

total,

the

understanding

will

not

becompromised.Make

reading

plansYou

should

work

out

a

detailed

plan

before

reading.

Itincludes

the

time

they

spend

reading

every

day

and

thechoice

of

proper

materials

for

intensive

andextensivereading.

Besides

they

should

consider

about

readingstrategies

and

then

predicting

reading

results.ReadingStrategy4.2

During

reading

strategiesReadingStrategyDuring

reading

strategies

refer

to

the

techniques

andmethods

applied

by

readers

during

the

readingprocess,which

play

an

irreplaceable

role

inreading.(1)PredictionPredicting

from

the

title

and

topic

sentencePredicting

with

background

knowledgePredicting

from

single

wordsPredicting

from

prior

plotSkimming:

it

refers

to

reading

quickly

to

grasp

themain

idea

or

the

theme

of

the

passage.

Readers

canquickly

identify

the

genre

and

the

mostimportantinformation

with

the

help

of

strategies,

such

ashighlighting

main

sentences,

emphasizing

key

wordsandphrases,

and

skipping

over

minor

information

anddetails.Scanning:

it

is

a

strategy

which

reader

apply

tolocatesome

specific

information

quickly.

Scanning

requiresreaders

to

find

answers

with

question

in

theirmind.ReadingStrategyKey

word

reading:

it

only

focuses

on

the

central

partof

sentences

and

some

closely-related

adjectives

andadverbs.

It

is

usually

use

to

grasp

main

ideas

and

details

of

a

passage.

The

reading

speed

cantremendouslyimproved

in

this

way,

but

the

accuracy

of

understanding

isalso

reduced,

ranging

from

50%

to

70%.Sense

group

readingReading

by

sense

group

means

that

readers

read

thewholepassage

according

to

the

constituted

meaning

phrases.Reading

by

sense

groups

not

only

improves

reading

speedand

efficiency,

but

also

deepens

the

understanding

ofreading

material.ReadingStrategyMaking

notes:

During

reading

process,

readersshould

write

down

some

important

information

toenhance

the

understanding

of

the

whole

passage

anddetails.

Good

reading

notes

should

be

short,

exact,selective

and

systematic,

clarify

the

writing

purpose

andthe

way

information

is

organized.Understanding

the

main

content:

in

reading,

readersnot

only

passively

receive

new

knowledge,

but

also

thinkdeeply

and

critically.

It

includes:Summarizing

the

mainideaIndentifying

referencesDistinguishing

generalizations

from

specificsInferringReadingStrategy(8)

Guessing

word

meaningGuessing

by

definitionGuessing

by

synonym

and

an