Unit3筆記人教版八年級上冊英語

八年級上學(xué)期英語筆記(3)Unit3I’mmoreoutgoingthanmysister.I.重點詞匯及其詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：1.quiet(adj.)輕聲的，安靜的→quietly(adv.)輕聲地，安靜地，輕柔地2.loud(adj.)響亮的，大聲的→loudly(adv.)響亮地，大聲地，吵鬧地3.good(adj.)好的→well(adv.)好，令人滿意地→better(比較級)best(最高級）4.bad(adj.)壞/差的→badly(adv.)壞/差地→worse(比較級)worst（最高級）5.clear(adj.)清楚的，清晰的→clearly(adv.)清楚地，清晰地，明白地6.easy(adj.)容易的→easily(adv.)容易地7.true(adj.)真實的，正確的→truly(adv.)真正地→truth(n.)事實8.important(adj.)重要的→importantly(adv.)重要地→importance(n.)重要性9.different(adj.)不同的→differently(adv.)不同地→difference(n.)差別，不同點10.talent(n.)才能，才干，天賦→talented(adj.)有才能的，有才干的11.pete(v.)比賽，競爭，對抗→petition(n.)比賽，競賽→petitive(adj.)有競爭力的→petitor(n.)參賽者，優(yōu)勝者12.care(n./v.)關(guān)心/在意→careful(adj.)小心的，細(xì)心的→carefully(adv.)小心地，謹(jǐn)慎地13.say(v.)說，講→saying(n.)諺語，格言，警句14.friend(n.)朋友→friendly(adj.)友好的→unfriendly(adj.)不友好的15.help(n./v.)幫助→helpful(adj.)有幫助的→helpless(adj.)無助的II.重點短語與詞組：1.careabout關(guān)心，在意2.bedifferentfrom…與…不同3.thesameas…與…相同/一致4.aslongas只要，既然5.besimilarto…與…相似6.bringout使表現(xiàn)，使顯現(xiàn)出7.infact確切地說，實際上8.asingingpetition歌詠比賽9.primaryschool小學(xué)10.betalentedin（doing）sth.在(做)…方面有天賦11.sharesth.withsb.和某人分享某物12.makesb.laugh使某人笑13.laughatsb.嘲笑某人14.belikeamirror像一面鏡子15.beseriousabout…對…認(rèn)真16.takecareof…=lookafter…照顧，照看III.重點句型及知識點：1.BothSamandTomcanplaythedrums.both,all,either,neither,none用法總結(jié)=1\*GB3①both作形容詞,修飾名詞eg:Therearemanytreesonbothsidesofthestreet.both作代詞時，常用于“bothof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中,名詞前要加定冠詞，指示代詞，形物代等，此結(jié)構(gòu)做主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù).eg:Bothofmyparentsliketravelling.Bothofthebrothersaretall.=2\*GB3②neither兩者都不eg:Neitherofhisparentshelpedhim.③either兩者之一eg:Youcanparkoneithersideofthestreet.④all三者或三者以上都eg:Allmyclassmatesliketheteacher.⑤none三者或三者以上都不eg:Noneoftheanswersareright.注意：若both單獨使用時，，實義動詞之前,位于be動詞、情態(tài)動詞、助動詞之后。拓展：①both...and...，意為“既...又...”,連接兩個并列成分作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。eg.Bothmyteachersandmyparentsarestrictwithme.②neither...nor”“既不...也不...”either...or...“要么...要么...”他們連接兩個并列主語時，謂語動詞的形式要與它最近的主語保持一致，即遵循“就近原則”eg:Neithermyfathernormymotherisateacher.Eitheryouorhewantstogothere.2.Who’smorehardworkingatschool?hardworking形容詞，辛勤工作的hardwork名詞短語，艱難的工作workhard動詞短語，辛勤工作Eg.Thehardworkingboyalwaysdoeshardworkandworkshard.3.Ithinkagoodfriendmakesmelaugh.make的用法：①make為使役動詞，意為“使......”,后接省to的不定式作賓語補足語，即makesb.dosth.類似使役動詞有l(wèi)et,have等eg:Herjokemademelaugh.②make+賓語+形容詞（賓語補足語）eg:Thebadnewsmademesad.③make當(dāng)實意動詞講時，意味“做，制造”eg:Myfathermadeamodelplaneformeyesterday.拓展：letsb.dosth.使某人做某事eg:Letmehaveatry.havesb.dosth.使某人做某事eg:Hehadhissoncleanthecar.keepsb.doingsth.讓某人持續(xù)做某事eg:I’msorrytokeepyouwaiting.make構(gòu)成的常用短語有：makefaces做鬼臉makemistakes犯錯誤makefriendswithsb.和某人交朋友makethebed整理床鋪makemoney賺錢makeupone'smindtodosth下定決心做某事makealiving謀生4.Agoodfriendistalentedinmusic.talented是形容詞，意為“有才能的；有天賦的”，常用短語betalentedinsth/indoingsth.表達(dá)“在......有天賦”；eg:Weallthinkheistalentedinmusic.talent是名詞，常用短語haveatalentfor...表達(dá)“有......的天賦”，也可以指“才藝”eg:Thewomanhasatalentforcooking.5.Agoodfriendtrulycaresaboutme.care當(dāng)名詞時，短語careabout，關(guān)心，介意；carefor，喜歡，想要。當(dāng)動詞時，短語takecare，小心，當(dāng)心；takecareof=lookafter=lookout=watchout照顧，照料拓：careful(adj.)小心的，細(xì)心的→carefully(adv.)小心地，謹(jǐn)慎地反：careless(adj.)粗心的→carelessly(adv.)粗心地eg:Hedoesn’tcareaboutthenews.Wouldyoucareforacupofcoffee?Takecarenottomakemistakes.Lucytakescareofherbrother.=Lucylooksafterherbrother.6.It’snoteasyformetomakefriends.①it’s+adj.+(forsb)todosth形容詞多為easy,important,difficult,necessary,possible等。②it’s+adj.+ofsb.todosth形容詞多為clever,good,nice,kind等描述人物品質(zhì)或性格的詞。eg:Itisdangerousforchildrentoplaywithfire.eg:Itiskindofyoutohelpmewithmymath.7.youdon’tneedalotofthemaslongasthey’regood.aslongas①只要，引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句時與if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句用法相同，即遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”的規(guī)則.eg:Ifyougetupearly,youwillcatchtheearlybus.Youwillcatchtheearlybus,aslongasyougetupearly.②既然，與because一樣都可引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。Aslongasyouaretired,youshouldgotobedearly.Youshouldgotobedearly,becauseyouaretired.8.Larryoftenhelpstobringoutthebestinme.bringout①使表現(xiàn)出，取出bringoutthebest/worstinsb.把某人最好或最壞的一面展現(xiàn)出來。②出版，生產(chǎn)eg:Thefactoryisbringingoutanewkindofproduct.(產(chǎn)品)eg:Heisanexcellentstudent,heoftenbringsoutthebestinus.9.Atruefriendreachesforyourhandandtouchesyourheart.reach①伸手拿...reachforone’shand=givesb.ahand“伸手幫某人一把”reachforsth.“伸手拿某物”eg:Canyoureachformyhand?=Canyougivemeahand?②到達(dá)eg:HereachedGuizhoulastnight.拓展：touchone’sheart“打動某人的心，令某人感動”eg:Thisfilmtouchesmyheart.keepintouchwithsb.“和某人保持聯(lián)系”eg:Pleasekeepintouchwithme.Hebrokehisleftleg.breakv.打破，摔壞brokeeg:Hebrokehisarmyesterday,andnowhe’sinhospital.n.暫停，休息。e.g.Let’stake/haveabreak咱們休息一下相關(guān)短語:breakinto強行進(jìn)入breakoff中斷說話breakdown出故障breakout爆發(fā)breakup破碎，結(jié)束breakintopieces成為碎片11.I’mquieterandmoreseriousthanmostkids. 1).嚴(yán)肅的eg:Mymathteacherisveryseriousinclass.serious(adj.)2).嚴(yán)重的Luckily,thecaraccidentwasnotserious.3).認(rèn)真的，謹(jǐn)慎的Heisseriousaboutgivingup(放棄)hisjob.seriously(adv.)take....seriously認(rèn)真對待....eg:Weshouldtakethisproblemseriously.IV、語法總結(jié):一、形容詞和副詞的比較級構(gòu)成規(guī)則變化：=1\*GB3①一般在詞尾加erhighhighershortshorterslowslower=2\*GB3②以字母e結(jié)尾的詞，在詞尾加rfinefinerlatelaternicenicer=3\*GB3③重度閉音節(jié)詞詞尾只有一個輔音字母時，先雙寫輔音字母再加erbigbiggerfatfatter=4\*GB3④以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，變y為i加erheavyheavierhappyhappier=5\*GB3⑤部分雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)詞在詞前加morebeautifulmorebeautifulseriousmoreserious不規(guī)則變化：good/wellbetterbad/badlyworsemany/muchmorelittlelessfarfarther/furtheroldolder/elder二、形容詞和副詞的比較級句型結(jié)構(gòu)1.同級比較1).A+be+as+adj.(原級)+as+B反A+be+not+as+adj.(原級)+as+Beg:Mydressisasbeautifulashers.Mydressisn’tasbeautifulashers.2).A+do+as+adv.(原級)+as+B反A+don’t/doesn’t+V.(原)+as+adv.(原級)+as+Beg:Herunsasquicklyasme.Hedoesn’trunasquicklyasme.2.比較級+thanA比B更...1).A+be+adj.(比較級)+thanBeg:Heistallerthanme.2).A+do+adv.(比較級)+thanBeg:Mybrotherrunsmorequicklythanme.3.less+原級（多音節(jié)詞/部分雙音節(jié)詞）+than前者不如后者eg:LucyislesshardworkingthanLily.4.“比較級+and+比較級”或“moreandmore+adj./adv.(原級)”越來越...(注：其后均不可接than)eg:1.Theweatherishotterandhotter.2.Thegirlismoreandmorebeautiful.3.Herunsfasterandfaster.4.Herunsmoreandmorequickly.5.The+比較級，the+比較級越.....，越.....eg:Theharderyoustudy,thebettergradesyouwillget.Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouare.the+比較級+ofthetwo譯為：“兩者中更...的一個”eg:Lucyisthetallerofthetwo.Lindaisthemoreoutgoingofthetwins.比較級+thananyother+名詞單數(shù)=比較級+than+theother+名詞復(fù)數(shù)譯為:“...比其他任何...都...”eg:Shesingsbetterthananyotherstudentinherclass.=Shesingsbetterthantheotherstudentsinherclass.Which/Who...+比較級，AorB?譯為：A和B，哪一個/誰更...？eg：Whichbookisbetter,thisoneorthatone?Who