會(huì)計(jì)專業(yè)英語（第2版）課件 第6章

會(huì)計(jì)專業(yè)英語Chapter6Liabilities6.1.1DefinitionofCurrentLiabilitiesCurrentliabilitiesarethoseobligationsthatarereasonablyexpectedtobepaidbyusingcurrentassetsorbycreatingothercurrentliabilities.Currentliabilitiescanbeaccountspayable,short-termnotespayable,unearnedrevenue,short-termborrowings,accruedliabilities,dividendspayable,thecurrentportionoflong-termdebt,andsoon..6.1CurrentLiabilitiesAccountspayableusuallyreferstotheamountdueforthepurchaseofmaterialsbyamanufacturingcompanyormerchandisesbyamerchandisingcompany.Accountspayableareusuallynotrecordedwhenpurchaseordersareplaced,butwhenlegalrighttothegoodspassestothebuyer.Ifgoodsareintransitattheyearend,thepurchasealsoshouldberecordediftheshipmenttermsindicatethattheownershipofgoodshasbeenpassed.6.1.2AccountsPayableShort-termnotespayableareobligationsintheformofwrittenpromissorynotes.Short-termnotespayablemaybeeitherinterest-bearingornon-interest-bearing.Intheory,short-termnotespayableshouldberecordedatthepresentvalueofthecashoutflowsassociatedwiththenote.6.1.3Short-termNotesPayableShort-termnotespayableareobligationsintheformofwrittenpromissorynotes.Short-termnotespayablemaybeeitherinterest-bearingornon-interest-bearing.Intheory,short-termnotespayableshouldberecordedatthepresentvalueofthecashoutflowsassociatedwiththenote.6.1.4UnearnedRevenueShort-termborrowingsusuallyarisefromcashborrowingsandaregenerallypayabletobanksorloancompanies.ItisfromfinancingactivityItsrepaymentperiodisusuallybetweenthirtydaystooneyear.Atthematuritydate,theborrowingcompanyrepaystheprincipalaswellastheinterestsubordinatedtotheprincipal.6.1.5Short-termBorrowingsAccruedliabilitiesarisefromtherecognitionofexpensestobepaidinafutureperiod.Itisalsocalledaccruedexpenses.Examplesofaccruedliabilitiesincludetaxespayable,interestpayable,andemployeecompensationpayable.6.1.6AccruedLiabilities1.TaxesPayableShowtheamountthattheentityowesgovernmentofficesfortaxes.2.InterestPayableCostofborrowingandincreaseswiththepassageoftime.3.EmployeeCompensationPayableEverybusinessincursanumberofaccruedliabilitiesrelatingtopayroll.Thelargestoftheseliabilitiesistheobligationtopayemployeesfortheirservicesrenderedduringtheperiod.Dividendpayableisaliabilitythatiscreatedwhentheboardofdirectorsofacorporationdeclarestopaydividendstoitsstockholders.Itislistedasacurrentliabilitybecausedividendsareusuallypaidwithinseveralweeksofdeclaration.6.1.7DividendPayableSomelong-termdebtarepayableinaseriesofmonthlyorquarterlyinstallments.Inthesecases,thelong-termdebtwillbefirstlylistedasoneofthenon-currentliabilitiesinthebalancesheetwhenitincurs.Thenasitsmaturitydateapproaches,theportionduewithinoneyearoroneoperatingcyclewillbelistedasacurrentliability,andtheremainderofitwillstillbeanon-currentliability.6.1.8CurrentPortionofLong-termObligationNon-currentliabilities,alsocalledLong-termliabilities,areliabilitieswithafuturebenefitandwillbematureinoveroneyear.Inaccounting,thelong-termliabilitiesareshownontherightsideofthebalance-sheetrepresentingthesourcesoflong-termfunds.Examplesofnon-currentliabilitiesarelong-termborrowings,bondspayable,long-termnotespayable,pensionplanandothernon-currentliabilities.6.2Non-CurrentLiabilitiesLong-termborrowingsaregenerallypayabletobanksorloancompanies,butitsrepaymentperiodislongerthanoneyearoroneoperatingcycle.Itisalsorelatedtothefinancingactivityincashflowstatement.6.2.1Long-TermBorrowingsTheissuanceofbondspayableistheequivalentofsplittingalargeloanintoagreatmanyofunit,whichiscalledbond.Eachbondisessentiallyalong-terminterest-bearingnotepayable.Therearemanydifferenttypesofbonds,suchasmortgagebonds,debenturebonds,convertiblebonds,callablebonds,registeredbonds,couponbonds,etc.6.2.2BondsPayableLong-termnotespayableissimilartoshort-termnotespayableexceptthatitsrepaymentperiodexceedsoneyearoroneoperatingcycle.Along-termnotemaybesecuredbyamortgagethatpledgetitletospecificassetstosecurethenote.6.2.3Long-TermNotesPayableApensionplanisacontractbetweenacompanyanditsemployeesunderwhichthecompanyagreestopayretirementbenefitstoeligibleemployees.Aspensionobligationaccrues,thecompanycouldrecordthembyadebittoPensionExpenseaccountandacredittocashaccount.Ifallrequiredpaymentsaremadepromptlytothepensionfundtrustee,noliabilityneedstoberepresentedinthefinancialstatements.6.2.4PensionPlansaccountspayable應(yīng)付賬款short-termborrowings短期借款currentportionoflong-termdebt長(zhǎng)期負(fù)債的當(dāng)期部分interestpayable應(yīng)付利息employeecompensationpayable應(yīng)付職工薪酬mortgageloans抵押借款long-termborrowings長(zhǎng)期借款bondspayab